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    name="refactoring,8.137126904637637E-306" guid="-dbA7zKOJY5WPZyLXErA9vw" changeDate="2006-11-09T19:45:22.634-0500"
    version="1.0.0">
  <mainDescription>&lt;h3>&#xD;
    Topics&#xD;
&lt;/h3>&#xD;
&lt;ul>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        &lt;a href=&quot;#WhatIs&quot;>What is refactoring?&lt;/a>&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        &lt;a href=&quot;#Why&quot;>Why should I refactor?&lt;/a>&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        &lt;a href=&quot;#When&quot;>When should I refactor?&lt;/a>&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        &lt;a href=&quot;#Example&quot;>An example of refactoring&lt;/a>&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
&lt;/ul>&#xD;
&lt;h3>&#xD;
    &lt;a id=&quot;WhatIs&quot; name=&quot;WhatIs&quot;>What is refactoring?&lt;/a>&#xD;
&lt;/h3>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    Refactoring is the act of improving the structure of a program without changing its behavior. Refactoring is done in&#xD;
    tiny little steps, each barely worth doing. In between each step, we run the relevant unit tests to make sure that the&#xD;
    changes we made have not broken anything. The edit/compile/test cycle is usually between 30 seconds and five minutes.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;h3>&#xD;
    &lt;a id=&quot;Why&quot; name=&quot;Why&quot;>Why should I refactor?&lt;/a>&#xD;
&lt;/h3>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    The purpose of refactoring is to improve the design and readability of the code. There are several specific goals:&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;ul>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        The code should pass all its tests.&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        It should be as expressive as it is possible for you to make it.&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        It should be as simple as it is possible for you to make it.&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        It should have no redundancy.&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
&lt;/ul>&#xD;
&lt;h3>&#xD;
    &lt;a id=&quot;When&quot; name=&quot;When&quot;>When should I refactor?&lt;/a>&#xD;
&lt;/h3>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    Refactoring is not something that we schedule. There is no line item in the schedule for it. There is no particular&#xD;
    time when we do it. Refactoring is done all the time. As you and your pair partner work on a task, such as writing&#xD;
    tests and code, you will notice that the code and tests are not as clean and simple as they could be. That is the time&#xD;
    to stop and refactor that code.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    The rule is: &lt;b>Don't let the sun set on bad code.&lt;/b>&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;h3>&#xD;
    &lt;a id=&quot;Example&quot; name=&quot;Example&quot;>An Example of Refactoring&lt;/a>&#xD;
&lt;/h3>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    Consider the two unit tests and the &lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>Formatter&lt;/tt>&lt;/font> class shown below. The &lt;font     size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>Formatter&lt;/tt>&lt;/font> class works but is not as expressive as I'd like it to be. So I'll refactor it in&#xD;
    stages.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;table width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;>&#xD;
    &lt;tbody>&#xD;
        &lt;tr>&#xD;
            &lt;td>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
  public void testCenterLine()&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
     {    &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   Formatter f = new Formatter();                    &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
  f.setLineWidth(10);     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
    assertEquals(&quot;   word   &quot;, f.center(&quot;word&quot;));                &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
 }&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
  public void testOddCenterLine() throws Exception&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   {     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
  Formatter f = new Formatter();     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
 f.setLineWidth(10);     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
    assertEquals(&quot;  hello   &quot;, f.center(&quot;hello&quot;));&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
  }&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
            &lt;/td>&#xD;
        &lt;/tr>&#xD;
    &lt;/tbody>&#xD;
&lt;/table>&lt;br />&#xD;
&lt;br />&#xD;
&lt;table width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;>&#xD;
    &lt;tbody>&#xD;
        &lt;tr>&#xD;
            &lt;td>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
  import java.util.Arrays;&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
  public class Formatter&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
 {   &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
    private int width;   &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   private char spaces[];    &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
  public void setLineWidth(int width)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
     {        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
       this.width = width;        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
     spaces = new char[width];        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
       Arrays.fill(spaces, ' ');    &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
       }       &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
    public String center(String line)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
       {        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
       int remainder = 0;        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
        int padding = (width - line.length()) / 2;        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      remainder = line.length() % 2;        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      b.append(spaces, 0, padding);        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
       b.append(line);                       &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      b.append(spaces, 0, padding + remainder);        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
       return b.toString();     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
       }&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   }&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
            &lt;/td>&#xD;
        &lt;/tr>&#xD;
    &lt;/tbody>&#xD;
&lt;/table>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    The &lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>setLineWidth&lt;/tt>&lt;/font> function is a little mysterious. What is this &lt;font     size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>spaces&lt;/tt>&lt;/font> array and why is it being filled with blanks? By looking ahead into the &lt;font     size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>center&lt;/tt>&lt;/font> function, we see that the &lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>spaces&lt;/tt>&lt;/font> array is just a&#xD;
    convenience to allow us to move a number of blanks into a &lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>StringBuffer&lt;/tt>&lt;/font>. I wonder if we&#xD;
    really need this convenience array.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    For the moment, I'm going to pull the initialization of the array out into its own function named &lt;font     size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>buildArrayOfSpaces&lt;/tt>&lt;/font>. That way, it's all in one place, and I can think about it a little more&#xD;
    clearly.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;table width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;>&#xD;
    &lt;tbody>&#xD;
        &lt;tr>&#xD;
            &lt;td>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
public void setLineWidth(int width)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
{    &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   this.width = width;        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
buildArrayOfSpaces(width);&lt;/b>  &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
}  &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
private void &lt;b>&#xD;
buildArrayOfSpaces(int width)&lt;/b>&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
{        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   spaces = new char[width];        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   Arrays.fill(spaces, ' ');  &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
} &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
&lt;i>&#xD;
Run the tests: the tests pass&lt;/i>&lt;/b>&lt;/font>&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
            &lt;/td>&#xD;
        &lt;/tr>&#xD;
    &lt;/tbody>&#xD;
&lt;/table>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    I don't like the way &lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>center&lt;/tt>&lt;/font> function is constructed. There is math scattered all through&#xD;
    it. I think we can rearrange the math to make things clearer.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;table width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;>&#xD;
    &lt;tbody>&#xD;
        &lt;tr>&#xD;
            &lt;td>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
public String center(String line)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
{        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
int remainder = line.length() % 2;&lt;/b>        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
int numberOfBlanksInFront = (width - line.length()) / 2;&lt;/b>        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   &lt;b>&#xD;
int numberOfBlanksAtEnd = (width - line.length()) / 2 + remainder;&lt;/b>    &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   b.append(spaces, 0, &lt;b>&#xD;
numberOfBlanksInFront&lt;/b>);        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   b.append(line);        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   b.append(spaces, 0, &lt;b>&#xD;
numberOfBlanksAtEnd&lt;/b>);        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   return b.toString();  &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
}&#xD;
&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
&lt;i>&#xD;
Run the tests: the tests pass&lt;/i>&lt;/b>&lt;/font>&lt;br />&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
            &lt;/td>&#xD;
        &lt;/tr>&#xD;
    &lt;/tbody>&#xD;
&lt;/table>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    This looks good, but we can reduce the clutter by changing some of the variables into functions.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;table width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;>&#xD;
    &lt;tbody>&#xD;
        &lt;tr>&#xD;
            &lt;td>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
public String center(String line)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
{        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   b.append(spaces, 0, &lt;b>&#xD;
numberOfBlanksInFront(line)&lt;/b>);        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   b.append(line);        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   b.append(spaces, 0, &lt;b>&#xD;
numberOfBlanksBehind(line)&lt;/b>);        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   return b.toString();   &#xD;
}    &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
private int numberOfBlanksBehind(String line)&lt;/b>&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
{&lt;/b>        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   &lt;b>&#xD;
int extraBlankIfOdd = line.length() % 2;&lt;/b>        &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   &lt;b>&#xD;
return (width - line.length()) / 2 + extraBlankIfOdd;&lt;/b>  &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
}&lt;/b>    &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
private int numberOfBlanksInFront(String line)&lt;/b>&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
{&lt;/b>        &#xD;
 &lt;b>&#xD;
return (width - line.length()) / 2;&lt;/b>  &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
}&lt;/b>  &#xD;
&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
&lt;i>&#xD;
Run the tests: the tests pass&lt;/i>&lt;/b>&lt;/font>&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
            &lt;/td>&#xD;
        &lt;/tr>&#xD;
    &lt;/tbody>&#xD;
&lt;/table>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    This makes the &lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>center&lt;/tt>&lt;/font> function read a little better. However, the use of the &lt;font     size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>StringBuffer.append&lt;/tt>&lt;/font> function is a little confusing. We might be able to improve it a little by&#xD;
    creating a more explicit function.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;table width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;>&#xD;
    &lt;tbody>&#xD;
        &lt;tr>&#xD;
            &lt;td>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
public String center(String line)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
{    &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();                    &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
appendBlanks(b, numberOfBlanksInFront(line));&lt;/b>     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   b.append(line);     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
appendBlanks(b, numberOfBlanksBehind(line));&lt;/b>     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   return b.toString(); &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
}   &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;strong>&#xD;
private void appendBlanks(StringBuffer b, int numberOfBlanks)&lt;/strong>&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;strong>&#xD;
{&lt;/strong>     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   &lt;strong>&#xD;
b.append(spaces, 0, numberOfBlanks);&lt;/strong> &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;strong>&#xD;
}&lt;/strong> &#xD;
&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
&lt;i>&#xD;
Run the tests: the tests pass&lt;/i>&lt;/b>&lt;/font>&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
            &lt;/td>&#xD;
        &lt;/tr>&#xD;
    &lt;/tbody>&#xD;
&lt;/table>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    Now we can rewrite &lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>appendBlanks&lt;/tt>&lt;/font> to avoid using the &lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>spaces&lt;/tt>&lt;/font>&#xD;
    array.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;table width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;>&#xD;
    &lt;tbody>&#xD;
        &lt;tr>&#xD;
            &lt;td>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
import java.util.Arrays;  &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
public class Formatter&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
{     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   private int width;                       &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   public void setLineWidth(int width)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   { &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      this.width = width;     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   }       &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   public String center(String line)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   { &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();              &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      appendBlanks(b, numberOfBlanksInFront(line)); &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      b.append(line); &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      appendBlanks(b, numberOfBlanksBehind(line)); &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      return b.toString();     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   }       &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   private void appendBlanks(StringBuffer b, int numberOfBlanks)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   {&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
 while(numberOfBlanks-- &amp;gt; 0)&lt;/b>     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
    b.append(' ');&lt;/b>     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   }      &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   private int numberOfBlanksBehind(String line)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   { &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      int extraBlankIfOdd = line.length() % 2; &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      return (width - line.length()) / 2 + extraBlankIfOdd;                  &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   }      &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   private int numberOfBlanksInFront(String line)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   { &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      return (width - line.length()) / 2; }    &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   } &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
}&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
&lt;i>&#xD;
Run the tests: the tests pass&lt;/i>&lt;/b>&lt;/font>&lt;br />&#xD;
&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
            &lt;/td>&#xD;
        &lt;/tr>&#xD;
    &lt;/tbody>&#xD;
&lt;/table>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    The names of functions like &lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>numberOfBlanksBehind&lt;/tt>&lt;/font> imply that the reader knows that these&#xD;
    will be called from the &lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&lt;tt>center&lt;/tt>&lt;/font> function. We should eliminate this implication by&#xD;
    renaming those functions.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;table width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;>&#xD;
    &lt;tbody>&#xD;
        &lt;tr>&#xD;
            &lt;td>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
import java.util.Arrays;&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
public class Formatter    &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
{     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   private int width;       &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   public void setLineWidth(int width)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   { &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      this.width = width;     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   }       &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   public String center(String line)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   { &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer(); &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      appendBlanks(b, &lt;b>&#xD;
numberOfBlanksToLeftOfCenter&lt;/b>(line));                &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      b.append(line); &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      appendBlanks(b, &lt;b>&#xD;
numberOfBlanksToRightOfCenter&lt;/b>(line));                &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      return b.toString();     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   }       &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   private void appendBlanks(StringBuffer b, int numberOfBlanks)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   { &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      while(numberOfBlanks-- &amp;gt; 0)     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
         b.append(' ');     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   }      &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   private int &lt;b>&#xD;
numberOfBlanksToRightOfCenter&lt;/b>(String line)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   { &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      int extraBlankIfOdd = line.length() % 2; &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      return (width - line.length()) / 2 + extraBlankIfOdd;     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   }       &#xD;
&#xD;
   private int &lt;b>&#xD;
numberOfBlanksToLeftOfCenter&lt;/b>(String line)&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   { &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
      return (width - line.length()) / 2;     &#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
   }&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
&lt;pre>&#xD;
} &#xD;
&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;>&#xD;
&lt;b>&#xD;
&lt;i>&#xD;
Run the tests: the tests pass&lt;/i>&lt;/b>&lt;/font>&#xD;
&lt;/pre>&#xD;
            &lt;/td>&#xD;
        &lt;/tr>&#xD;
    &lt;/tbody>&#xD;
&lt;/table>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    And I think we are done. You might find other refactorings to do, or you might not agree with all of the refactorings&#xD;
    I've done. That's to be expected. The point is, however, that I have put a lot of effort into the readability and&#xD;
    simplicity of this class. That effort will help others understand this class and make it easier for them to change the&#xD;
    class when the time comes.&#xD;
&lt;/p></mainDescription>
</org.eclipse.epf.uma:ContentDescription>