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  <mainDescription>&lt;p>&#xD;
    Refactoring is a disciplined way to restructure code when small changes are made to the code to improve its design. An&#xD;
    important aspect of a refactoring is that it improves the design while not changing the behavior of the design; a&#xD;
    refactoring neither adds nor removes functionality.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    Refactoring enables you to evolve the code slowly over time, to take an iterative and incremental approach to&#xD;
    implementation.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    These are the types of refactoring:&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;ol>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        Code refactoring. Often referred to simply as refactoring, this is the refactoring of programming source code.&#xD;
        Examples of code refactorings include Rename Method, Encapsulate Field, Extract Class, Introduce Assertion, and&#xD;
        Pushdown Method.&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        Database refactoring. A database refactoring is a simple change to a database schema that improves its design while&#xD;
        retaining both its behavioral and informational semantics. Examples of database refactorings include Rename Column,&#xD;
        Split Table, Move Method to Database, Replace LOB with Table, Introduce Column Constraint, and Use Official Data&#xD;
        Source.&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        User interface (UI) refactoring. A UI refactoring is a simple change to the UI which retains its semantics.&#xD;
        Examples of UI refactorings include Align Entry Fields, Apply Common Button Size, Apply Common Font, Indicate&#xD;
        Format, Reword in Active Voice, and Increase Color Contrast.&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
&lt;/ol>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    Martin Fowler [&lt;a class=&quot;elementLinkWithUserText&quot; href=&quot;./../../../openup/guidances/supportingmaterials/references_6CCF393.html#FOW99&quot; guid=&quot;_9ToeIB83Edqsvps02rpOOg&quot;>FOW99&lt;/a>] identifies four key reasons to refactor:&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;ul>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        Refactoring improves the design of software&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        Refactoring makes software easier to understand&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        Refactoring helps you find bugs&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        Refactoring helps you program faster&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
&lt;/ul>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    Refactoring can improve the design of existing code, but it does not take the place of considering the design before&#xD;
    writing code. Refactoring instead changes the role of up-front design, allowing the strictly design work to be more&#xD;
    abstract. Small-scale, very tactical decisions can be made during the implementation of the solution with confidence&#xD;
    that refactoring will ensure a quality implementation at that level. The designing of the solution before&#xD;
    implementation will be more lightweight and focused on broad factors that will drive the implementation.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    There is an additional benefit of refactoring: it changes the way a developer thinks about the implementation when not&#xD;
    refactoring. The basic task of implementing a solution becomes solely about getting the solution to pass its developer&#xD;
    tests in the simplest way possible. Then the design of that solution can be examined and refactored separately. Even if&#xD;
    these two things -- implementation of the solution and then improvement -- are just a minute apart, it can be freeing&#xD;
    for a developer to single-mindedly create code that causes a test to pass, and then separately single-mindedly improve&#xD;
    that code.&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;p>&#xD;
    These are some additional resources:&#xD;
&lt;/p>&#xD;
&lt;ul>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.refactoring.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>http://www.refactoring.com/&lt;/a>&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
    &lt;li>&#xD;
        &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.agiledata.org/essays/databaseRefactoring.html&quot;>http://www.agiledata.org/essays/databaseRefactoring.html&lt;/a>&#xD;
    &lt;/li>&#xD;
&lt;/ul></mainDescription>
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