diff --git a/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/function/Callback.java b/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/function/Consumer.java
similarity index 73%
rename from bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/function/Callback.java
rename to bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/function/Consumer.java
index 17ff376..3636c60 100644
--- a/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/function/Callback.java
+++ b/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/function/Consumer.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) OSGi Alliance (2016). All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) OSGi Alliance (2017). All Rights Reserved.
  * 
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,22 +19,24 @@
 import org.osgi.annotation.versioning.ConsumerType;
 
 /**
- * A callback that performs an operation and may throw an exception.
+ * A function that accepts a single argument and produces no result.
  * <p>
  * This is a functional interface and can be used as the assignment target for a
  * lambda expression or method reference.
  * 
+ * @param <T> The type of the function input.
  * @ThreadSafe
  * @since 1.1
  * @author $Id$
  */
 @ConsumerType
 @FunctionalInterface
-public interface Callback {
+public interface Consumer<T> {
 	/**
-	 * Execute the callback.
+	 * Applies this function to the specified argument.
 	 * 
+	 * @param t The input to this function.
 	 * @throws Exception An exception thrown by the method.
 	 */
-	void run() throws Exception;
+	void accept(T t) throws Exception;
 }
diff --git a/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/Deferred.java b/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/Deferred.java
index 25c7442..e2c26cb 100644
--- a/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/Deferred.java
+++ b/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/Deferred.java
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@
 
 import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
 
-import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
-import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import org.osgi.annotation.versioning.ProviderType;
 
 /**
  * A Deferred Promise resolution.
@@ -41,46 +40,35 @@
  * @Immutable
  * @author $Id$
  */
+@ProviderType
 public class Deferred<T> {
+	/**
+	 * The Promise associated with this Deferred.
+	 */
 	private final PromiseImpl<T>	promise;
 
 	/**
 	 * Create a new Deferred.
 	 * <p>
-	 * The default callback executor and default scheduled executor will be
-	 * used.
+	 * The {@link #getPromise() associated promise} will use the default
+	 * callback executor and default scheduled executor.
+	 * 
+	 * @see PromiseExecutors#deferred()
 	 */
 	public Deferred() {
-		this(null, null);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Create a new Deferred with the specified callback executor.
-	 * <p>
-	 * The default scheduled executor will be used.
-	 * 
-	 * @param callbackExecutor The executor to use for callbacks. {@code null}
-	 *            can be specified for the default callback executor.
-	 * @since 1.1
-	 */
-	public Deferred(Executor callbackExecutor) {
-		this(callbackExecutor, null);
+		this(PromiseExecutors.defaultExecutors);
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Create a new Deferred with the specified callback and scheduled
 	 * executors.
 	 * 
-	 * @param callbackExecutor The executor to use for callbacks. {@code null}
-	 *            can be specified for the default callback executor.
-	 * @param scheduledExecutor The scheduled executor for use for scheduled
-	 *            operations. {@code null} can be specified for the default
-	 *            scheduled executor.
+	 * @param executors The executors to use for callbacks and scheduled
+	 *            operations.
 	 * @since 1.1
 	 */
-	public Deferred(Executor callbackExecutor,
-			ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutor) {
-		promise = new PromiseImpl<>(callbackExecutor, scheduledExecutor);
+	Deferred(PromiseExecutors executors) {
+		promise = new PromiseImpl<>(executors);
 	}
 
 	/**
diff --git a/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/Promise.java b/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/Promise.java
index f9e4ef5..a2082ae 100644
--- a/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/Promise.java
+++ b/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/Promise.java
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 
 import org.osgi.annotation.versioning.ProviderType;
-import org.osgi.util.function.Callback;
+import org.osgi.util.function.Consumer;
 import org.osgi.util.function.Function;
 import org.osgi.util.function.Predicate;
 
@@ -115,41 +115,85 @@
 
 	/**
 	 * Register a callback to be called when this Promise is resolved.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * The specified callback is called when this Promise is resolved either
 	 * successfully or with a failure.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * This method may be called at any time including before and after this
 	 * Promise has been resolved.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * Resolving this Promise <i>happens-before</i> any registered callback is
 	 * called. That is, in a registered callback, {@link #isDone()} must return
 	 * {@code true} and {@link #getValue()} and {@link #getFailure()} must not
 	 * block.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * A callback may be called on a different thread than the thread which
 	 * registered the callback. So the callback must be thread safe but can rely
 	 * upon that the registration of the callback <i>happens-before</i> the
 	 * registered callback is called.
 	 * 
-	 * @param callback A callback to be called when this Promise is resolved.
-	 *        Must not be {@code null}.
+	 * @param callback The callback to be called when this Promise is resolved.
+	 *            Must not be {@code null}.
 	 * @return This Promise.
 	 */
 	Promise<T> onResolve(Runnable callback);
 
 	/**
-	 * Chain a new Promise to this Promise with Success and Failure callbacks.
+	 * Register a callback to be called with the result of this Promise when
+	 * this Promise is resolved successfully. The callback will not be called if
+	 * this Promise is resolved with a failure.
+	 * <p>
+	 * This method may be called at any time including before and after this
+	 * Promise has been resolved.
+	 * <p>
+	 * Resolving this Promise <i>happens-before</i> any registered callback is
+	 * called. That is, in a registered callback, {@link #isDone()} must return
+	 * {@code true} and {@link #getValue()} and {@link #getFailure()} must not
+	 * block.
+	 * <p>
+	 * A callback may be called on a different thread than the thread which
+	 * registered the callback. So the callback must be thread safe but can rely
+	 * upon that the registration of the callback <i>happens-before</i> the
+	 * registered callback is called.
 	 * 
+	 * @param success The Consumer callback that receives the the value of this
+	 *            Promise. Must not be {@code null}.
+	 * @return This Promise.
+	 * @since 1.1
+	 */
+	Promise<T> onSuccess(Consumer< ? super T> success);
+
+	/**
+	 * Register a callback to be called with the failure for this Promise when
+	 * this Promise is resolved with a failure. The callback will not be called
+	 * if this Promise is resolved successfully.
+	 * <p>
+	 * This method may be called at any time including before and after this
+	 * Promise has been resolved.
+	 * <p>
+	 * Resolving this Promise <i>happens-before</i> any registered callback is
+	 * called. That is, in a registered callback, {@link #isDone()} must return
+	 * {@code true} and {@link #getValue()} and {@link #getFailure()} must not
+	 * block.
+	 * <p>
+	 * A callback may be called on a different thread than the thread which
+	 * registered the callback. So the callback must be thread safe but can rely
+	 * upon that the registration of the callback <i>happens-before</i> the
+	 * registered callback is called.
+	 * 
+	 * @param failure The Consumer callback that receives the the failure of
+	 *            this Promise. Must not be {@code null}.
+	 * @return This Promise.
+	 * @since 1.1
+	 */
+	Promise<T> onFailure(Consumer< ? super Throwable> failure);
+
+	/**
+	 * Chain a new Promise to this Promise with Success and Failure callbacks.
 	 * <p>
 	 * The specified {@link Success} callback is called when this Promise is
 	 * successfully resolved and the specified {@link Failure} callback is
 	 * called when this Promise is resolved with a failure.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * This method returns a new Promise which is chained to this Promise. The
 	 * returned Promise must be resolved when this Promise is resolved after the
@@ -157,24 +201,20 @@
 	 * executed callback must be used to resolve the returned Promise. Multiple
 	 * calls to this method can be used to create a chain of promises which are
 	 * resolved in sequence.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * If this Promise is successfully resolved, the Success callback is
 	 * executed and the result Promise, if any, or thrown exception is used to
 	 * resolve the returned Promise from this method. If this Promise is
 	 * resolved with a failure, the Failure callback is executed and the
 	 * returned Promise from this method is failed.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * This method may be called at any time including before and after this
 	 * Promise has been resolved.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * Resolving this Promise <i>happens-before</i> any registered callback is
 	 * called. That is, in a registered callback, {@link #isDone()} must return
 	 * {@code true} and {@link #getValue()} and {@link #getFailure()} must not
 	 * block.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * A callback may be called on a different thread than the thread which
 	 * registered the callback. So the callback must be thread safe but can rely
@@ -182,14 +222,14 @@
 	 * registered callback is called.
 	 * 
 	 * @param <R> The value type associated with the returned Promise.
-	 * @param success A Success callback to be called when this Promise is
-	 *        successfully resolved. May be {@code null} if no Success callback
-	 *        is required. In this case, the returned Promise must be resolved
-	 *        with the value {@code null} when this Promise is successfully
-	 *        resolved.
-	 * @param failure A Failure callback to be called when this Promise is
-	 *        resolved with a failure. May be {@code null} if no Failure
-	 *        callback is required.
+	 * @param success The Success callback to be called when this Promise is
+	 *            successfully resolved. May be {@code null} if no Success
+	 *            callback is required. In this case, the returned Promise must
+	 *            be resolved with the value {@code null} when this Promise is
+	 *            successfully resolved.
+	 * @param failure The Failure callback to be called when this Promise is
+	 *            resolved with a failure. May be {@code null} if no Failure
+	 *            callback is required.
 	 * @return A new Promise which is chained to this Promise. The returned
 	 *         Promise must be resolved when this Promise is resolved after the
 	 *         specified Success or Failure callback, if any, is executed.
@@ -198,18 +238,17 @@
 
 	/**
 	 * Chain a new Promise to this Promise with a Success callback.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * This method performs the same function as calling
 	 * {@link #then(Success, Failure)} with the specified Success callback and
 	 * {@code null} for the Failure callback.
 	 * 
 	 * @param <R> The value type associated with the returned Promise.
-	 * @param success A Success callback to be called when this Promise is
-	 *        successfully resolved. May be {@code null} if no Success callback
-	 *        is required. In this case, the returned Promise must be resolved
-	 *        with the value {@code null} when this Promise is successfully
-	 *        resolved.
+	 * @param success The Success callback to be called when this Promise is
+	 *            successfully resolved. May be {@code null} if no Success
+	 *            callback is required. In this case, the returned Promise must
+	 *            be resolved with the value {@code null} when this Promise is
+	 *            successfully resolved.
 	 * @return A new Promise which is chained to this Promise. The returned
 	 *         Promise must be resolved when this Promise is resolved after the
 	 *         specified Success, if any, is executed.
@@ -218,16 +257,17 @@
 	<R> Promise<R> then(Success<? super T, ? extends R> success);
 
 	/**
-	 * Chain a new Promise to this Promise with a callback.
+	 * Chain a new Promise to this Promise with a Consumer callback that
+	 * receives the value of this Promise when it is successfully resolved.
 	 * <p>
-	 * The specified {@link Callback} is called when this Promise is resolved
-	 * either successfully or with a failure.
+	 * The specified {@link Consumer} is called when this Promise is resolved
+	 * successfully.
 	 * <p>
 	 * This method returns a new Promise which is chained to this Promise. The
 	 * returned Promise must be resolved when this Promise is resolved after the
 	 * specified callback is executed. If the callback throws an exception, the
 	 * returned Promise is failed with that exception. Otherwise the returned
-	 * Promise is resolved with this Promise.
+	 * Promise is resolved with the success value from this Promise.
 	 * <p>
 	 * This method may be called at any time including before and after this
 	 * Promise has been resolved.
@@ -242,18 +282,17 @@
 	 * upon that the registration of the callback <i>happens-before</i> the
 	 * registered callback is called.
 	 * 
-	 * @param callback A callback to be called when this Promise is resolved.
-	 *            Must not be {@code null}.
+	 * @param consumer The Consumer callback that receives the the value of this
+	 *            Promise. Must not be {@code null}.
 	 * @return A new Promise which is chained to this Promise. The returned
 	 *         Promise must be resolved when this Promise is resolved after the
-	 *         specified callback is executed.
+	 *         specified Consumer is executed.
 	 * @since 1.1
 	 */
-	Promise<T> then(Callback callback);
+	Promise<T> thenAccept(Consumer< ? super T> consumer);
 
 	/**
 	 * Filter the value of this Promise.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * If this Promise is successfully resolved, the returned Promise must
 	 * either be resolved with the value of this Promise, if the specified
@@ -261,17 +300,15 @@
 	 * {@code NoSuchElementException}, if the specified Predicate does not
 	 * accept that value. If the specified Predicate throws an exception, the
 	 * returned Promise must be failed with the exception.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * If this Promise is resolved with a failure, the returned Promise must be
 	 * failed with that failure.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * This method may be called at any time including before and after this
 	 * Promise has been resolved.
 	 * 
 	 * @param predicate The Predicate to evaluate the value of this Promise.
-	 *        Must not be {@code null}.
+	 *            Must not be {@code null}.
 	 * @return A Promise that filters the value of this Promise.
 	 */
 	Promise<T> filter(Predicate<? super T> predicate);
diff --git a/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/PromiseExecutors.java b/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/PromiseExecutors.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..488ca7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/PromiseExecutors.java
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) OSGi Alliance (2017). All Rights Reserved.
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.osgi.util.promise;
+
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+import static org.osgi.util.promise.PromiseImpl.uncaughtException;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
+import java.util.concurrent.RunnableScheduledFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+import org.osgi.annotation.versioning.ConsumerType;
+
+/**
+ * The executors for Promise callbacks and scheduled operations.
+ * <p>
+ * Instances of this class can be used to create a Deferred that can be resolved
+ * in the future as well as resolved Promises. The returned Deferred and Promise
+ * objects all use the executors used to construct this object for any callback
+ * or scheduled operation execution.
+ * 
+ * @Immutable
+ * @author $Id$
+ * @since 1.1
+ */
+@ConsumerType
+public class PromiseExecutors {
+	/**
+	 * The default executors.
+	 */
+	final static PromiseExecutors			defaultExecutors	= new PromiseExecutors(
+			null, null);
+
+	/**
+	 * The executor to use for callbacks. If {@code null}, the default
+	 * callback executor is used.
+	 */
+	private final Executor					callbackExecutor;
+	/**
+	 * The executor to use for scheduled operations. If {@code null}, the
+	 * default scheduled executor is used.
+	 */
+	private final ScheduledExecutorService	scheduledExecutor;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new PromiseExecutors with the specified callback executor.
+	 * <p>
+	 * The default scheduled executor will be used.
+	 * 
+	 * @param callbackExecutor The executor to use for callbacks. {@code null}
+	 *            can be specified for the default callback executor.
+	 */
+	public PromiseExecutors(Executor callbackExecutor) {
+		this(callbackExecutor, null);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new PromiseExecutors with the specified callback executor and
+	 * specified scheduled executor.
+	 * 
+	 * @param callbackExecutor The executor to use for callbacks. {@code null}
+	 *            can be specified for the default callback executor.
+	 * @param scheduledExecutor The scheduled executor for use for scheduled
+	 *            operations. {@code null} can be specified for the default
+	 *            scheduled executor.
+	 */
+	public PromiseExecutors(Executor callbackExecutor,
+			ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutor) {
+		this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor;
+		this.scheduledExecutor = scheduledExecutor;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the executor to use for callbacks.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The executor to use for callbacks. This will be the default
+	 *         callback executor if {@code null} was specified for the callback
+	 *         executor when this PromiseExecutors was created.
+	 */
+	protected Executor executor() {
+		if (callbackExecutor == null) {
+			return DefaultExecutors.callbackExecutor();
+		}
+		return callbackExecutor;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the executor to use for scheduled operations.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The executor to use for scheduled operations. This will be the
+	 *         default scheduled executor if {@code null} was specified for the
+	 *         scheduled executor when this PromiseExecutors was created.
+	 */
+	protected ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutor() {
+		if (scheduledExecutor == null) {
+			return DefaultExecutors.scheduledExecutor();
+		}
+		return scheduledExecutor;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new Deferred with the callback executor and scheduled executor
+	 * of this PromiseExecutors object.
+	 * <p>
+	 * Use this method instead of {@link Deferred#Deferred()} to create a new
+	 * {@link Deferred} whose associated Promise uses executors other than the
+	 * default executors.
+	 * 
+	 * @return A new {@link Deferred} with the callback and scheduled executors
+	 *         of this PromiseExecutors object
+	 */
+	public <T> Deferred<T> deferred() {
+		return new Deferred<>(this);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a new Promise that has been resolved with the specified value.
+	 * <p>
+	 * The returned Promise uses the callback executor and scheduled executor of
+	 * this PromiseExecutors object
+	 * <p>
+	 * Use this method instead of {@link Promises#resolved(Object)} to create a
+	 * Promise which uses executors other than the default executors.
+	 * 
+	 * @param <T> The value type associated with the returned Promise.
+	 * @param value The value of the resolved Promise.
+	 * @return A new Promise that has been resolved with the specified value.
+	 */
+	public <T> Promise<T> resolved(T value) {
+		return new PromiseImpl<>(value, null, this);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a new Promise that has been resolved with the specified failure.
+	 * <p>
+	 * The returned Promise uses the callback executor and scheduled executor of
+	 * this PromiseExecutors object
+	 * <p>
+	 * Use this method instead of {@link Promises#failed(Throwable)} to create a
+	 * Promise which uses executors other than the default executors.
+	 * 
+	 * @param <T> The value type associated with the returned Promise.
+	 * @param failure The failure of the resolved Promise. Must not be
+	 *            {@code null}.
+	 * @return A new Promise that has been resolved with the specified failure.
+	 */
+	public <T> Promise<T> failed(Throwable failure) {
+		return new PromiseImpl<>(null, requireNonNull(failure), this);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a new Promise that will hold the result of the specified task.
+	 * <p>
+	 * The specified task will be executed on the {@link #executor() callback
+	 * executor}.
+	 * 
+	 * @param task The task whose result will be available from the returned
+	 *            Promise.
+	 * @return A new Promise that will hold the result of the specified task.
+	 */
+	public <V> Promise<V> submit(final Callable< ? extends V> task) {
+		requireNonNull(task);
+		final Deferred<V> deferred = deferred();
+		try {
+			executor().execute(new Runnable() {
+				@Override
+				public void run() {
+					try {
+						deferred.resolve(task.call());
+					} catch (Throwable t) {
+						deferred.fail(t);
+					}
+				}
+			});
+		} catch (Exception t) {
+			deferred.fail(t);
+		}
+		return deferred.getPromise();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns an Executor implementation that executes tasks immediately on the
+	 * thread calling the {@code Executor.execute} method.
+	 * 
+	 * @return An Executor implementation that executes tasks immediately on the
+	 *         thread calling the {@code Executor.execute} method.
+	 */
+	public static Executor inlineExecutor() {
+		return new InlineExecutor();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * An Executor implementation which executes the task immediately on the
+	 * thread calling the {@code Executor.execute} method.
+	 * 
+	 * @Immutable
+	 */
+	private static final class InlineExecutor implements Executor {
+		InlineExecutor() {}
+
+		@Override
+		public void execute(Runnable callback) {
+			callback.run();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Default executors for Promises.
+	 * 
+	 * @Immutable
+	 */
+	private static final class DefaultExecutors
+			implements ThreadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler, Runnable {
+		private static final DefaultExecutors	callbacks;
+		private static final ScheduledExecutor	scheduledExecutor;
+		private static final ThreadPoolExecutor	callbackExecutor;
+		static {
+			callbacks = new DefaultExecutors();
+			scheduledExecutor = new ScheduledExecutor(2, callbacks);
+			callbackExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, 64, 60L,
+					TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
+					callbacks, callbacks);
+		}
+
+		static Executor callbackExecutor() {
+			return callbackExecutor;
+		}
+
+		static ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutor() {
+			return scheduledExecutor;
+		}
+
+		private final AtomicBoolean	shutdownHookInstalled;
+		private final ThreadFactory	delegateThreadFactory;
+
+		private DefaultExecutors() {
+			shutdownHookInstalled = new AtomicBoolean();
+			delegateThreadFactory = Executors.defaultThreadFactory();
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Executor threads should not prevent VM from exiting
+		 */
+		@Override
+		public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
+			if (shutdownHookInstalled.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+				Thread shutdownThread = delegateThreadFactory.newThread(this);
+				shutdownThread.setName(
+						"ExecutorShutdownHook," + shutdownThread.getName());
+				try {
+					Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownThread);
+				} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+					// VM is already shutting down...
+					callbackExecutor.shutdown();
+					scheduledExecutor.shutdown();
+				}
+			}
+			Thread t = delegateThreadFactory.newThread(r);
+			t.setName("PromiseImpl," + t.getName());
+			t.setDaemon(true);
+			return t;
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Call the callback using the caller's thread because the thread pool
+		 * rejected the execution.
+		 */
+		@Override
+		public void rejectedExecution(Runnable callback,
+				ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
+			try {
+				callback.run();
+			} catch (Throwable t) {
+				uncaughtException(t);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Shutdown hook
+		 */
+		@Override
+		public void run() {
+			// limit new thread creation
+			callbackExecutor.setMaximumPoolSize(
+					Math.max(1, callbackExecutor.getPoolSize()));
+			// Run all delayed callbacks now
+			scheduledExecutor.shutdown();
+			BlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = scheduledExecutor.getQueue();
+			if (!queue.isEmpty()) {
+				for (Object r : queue.toArray()) {
+					if (r instanceof RunnableScheduledFuture< ? >) {
+						RunnableScheduledFuture< ? > future = (RunnableScheduledFuture< ? >) r;
+						if ((future.getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) > 0L)
+								&& queue.remove(future)) {
+							future.run();
+							scheduledExecutor.afterExecute(future, null);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				scheduledExecutor.shutdown();
+			}
+			try {
+				scheduledExecutor.awaitTermination(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
+				Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+			}
+			// Shutdown callback executor
+			callbackExecutor.shutdown();
+			try {
+				callbackExecutor.awaitTermination(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
+				Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+			}
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor for scheduled execution.
+		 * 
+		 * @ThreadSafe
+		 */
+		private static final class ScheduledExecutor
+				extends ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor {
+			ScheduledExecutor(int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
+				super(corePoolSize, threadFactory);
+			}
+
+			/**
+			 * Handle uncaught exceptions
+			 */
+			@Override
+			protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
+				super.afterExecute(r, t);
+				if ((t == null) && (r instanceof Future< ? >)) {
+					boolean interrupted = Thread.interrupted();
+					try {
+						((Future< ? >) r).get();
+					} catch (CancellationException e) {
+						// ignore
+					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
+						interrupted = true;
+					} catch (ExecutionException e) {
+						t = e.getCause();
+					} finally {
+						if (interrupted) { // restore interrupt status
+							Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				if (t != null) {
+					uncaughtException(t);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/PromiseImpl.java b/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/PromiseImpl.java
index 1a65fc8..5d02ff6 100644
--- a/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/PromiseImpl.java
+++ b/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/PromiseImpl.java
@@ -20,27 +20,13 @@
 
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
-import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
-import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
-import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-import java.util.concurrent.Future;
 import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
-import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
-import java.util.concurrent.RunnableScheduledFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
-import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
-import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
-import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 
-import org.osgi.util.function.Callback;
+import org.osgi.util.function.Consumer;
 import org.osgi.util.function.Function;
 import org.osgi.util.function.Predicate;
 
@@ -56,15 +42,9 @@
  */
 final class PromiseImpl<T> implements Promise<T> {
 	/**
-	 * The executor to use for callbacks. If {@code null}, the default callback
-	 * executor is used.
+	 * The executors to use for callbacks and scheduled operations.
 	 */
-	private final Executor							callbackExecutor;
-	/**
-	 * The executor to use for scheduled operations. If {@code null}, the
-	 * default scheduled executor is used.
-	 */
-	private final ScheduledExecutorService			scheduledExecutor;
+	private final PromiseExecutors					executors;
 	/**
 	 * A ConcurrentLinkedQueue to hold the callbacks for this Promise, so no
 	 * additional synchronization is required to write to or read from the
@@ -104,16 +84,11 @@
 	/**
 	 * Initialize this Promise.
 	 * 
-	 * @param callbackExecutor The executor to use for callbacks. {@code null}
-	 *            can be specified for the default callback executor.
-	 * @param scheduledExecutor The scheduled executor for use for scheduled
-	 *            operations. {@code null} can be specified for the default
-	 *            scheduled executor.
+	 * @param executors The executors to use for callbacks and scheduled
+	 *            operations.
 	 */
-	PromiseImpl(Executor callbackExecutor,
-			ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutor) {
-		this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor;
-		this.scheduledExecutor = scheduledExecutor;
+	PromiseImpl(PromiseExecutors executors) {
+		this.executors = executors;
 		callbacks = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
 		resolved = new CountDownLatch(1);
 	}
@@ -123,21 +98,16 @@
 	 * 
 	 * @param v The value of this resolved Promise.
 	 * @param f The failure of this resolved Promise.
-	 * @param callbackExecutor The executor to use for callbacks. {@code null}
-	 *            can be specified for the default callback executor.
-	 * @param scheduledExecutor The scheduled executor for use for scheduled
-	 *            operations. {@code null} can be specified for the default
-	 *            scheduled executor.
+	 * @param executors The executors to use for callbacks and scheduled
+	 *            operations.
 	 */
-	PromiseImpl(T v, Throwable f, Executor callbackExecutor,
-			ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutor) {
+	PromiseImpl(T v, Throwable f, PromiseExecutors executors) {
 		if (f == null) {
 			value = v;
 		} else {
 			fail = f;
 		}
-		this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor;
-		this.scheduledExecutor = scheduledExecutor;
+		this.executors = executors;
 		callbacks = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
 		resolved = new CountDownLatch(0);
 	}
@@ -226,23 +196,13 @@
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public String toString() {
-		if (!isDone()) {
+		if (!isDone()) { // ensure latch open before reading state
 			return super.toString() + "[unresolved]";
 		}
-		final boolean interrupted = Thread.interrupted();
-		try {
-			Throwable t = getFailure();
-			if (t != null) {
-				return super.toString() + "[failed: " + t + "]";
-			}
-			return super.toString() + "[resolved: " + getValue() + "]";
-		} catch (InterruptedException | InvocationTargetException e) {
-			return super.toString() + "[" + e + "]";
-		} finally {
-			if (interrupted) { // restore interrupt status
-				Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-			}
+		if (fail == null) {
+			return super.toString() + "[resolved: " + value + "]";
 		}
+		return super.toString() + "[failed: " + fail + "]";
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -262,20 +222,15 @@
 		if (resolved.getCount() != 0) {
 			return; // return if not resolved
 		}
-
 		/*
 		 * Note: multiple threads can be in this method removing callbacks from
 		 * the queue and executing them, so the order in which callbacks are
 		 * executed cannot be specified.
 		 */
-		Executor executor = callbackExecutor;
 		for (Runnable callback = callbacks.poll(); callback != null; callback = callbacks.poll()) {
-			if (executor == null) {
-				executor = DefaultExecutors.callbackExecutor();
-			}
 			try {
 				try {
-					executor.execute(callback);
+					executors.executor().execute(callback);
 				} catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
 					callback.run();
 				}
@@ -302,13 +257,38 @@
 
 	/**
 	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 * 
+	 * @since 1.1
 	 */
 	@Override
-	public <R> Promise<R> then(Success<? super T, ? extends R> success, Failure failure) {
-		PromiseImpl<R> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(callbackExecutor,
-				scheduledExecutor);
-		onResolve(chained.new Then<>(this, success, failure));
-		return chained;
+	public Promise<T> onSuccess(Consumer< ? super T> success) {
+		return onResolve(new OnSuccess(success));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * A callback used for the {@link #onSuccess(Consumer)} method.
+	 * 
+	 * @Immutable
+	 * @since 1.1
+	 */
+	private final class OnSuccess implements Runnable {
+		private final Consumer< ? super T> success;
+
+		OnSuccess(Consumer< ? super T> success) {
+			this.success = requireNonNull(success);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void run() {
+			Result<T> result = collect();
+			if (result.fail == null) {
+				try {
+					success.accept(result.value);
+				} catch (Throwable e) {
+					uncaughtException(e);
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -317,34 +297,67 @@
 	 * @since 1.1
 	 */
 	@Override
-	public <R> Promise<R> then(Success<? super T, ? extends R> success) {
-		return then(success, null);
+	public Promise<T> onFailure(Consumer< ? super Throwable> failure) {
+		return onResolve(new OnFailure(failure));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * A callback used for the {@link #onFailure(Consumer)} method.
+	 * 
+	 * @Immutable
+	 * @since 1.1
+	 */
+	private final class OnFailure implements Runnable {
+		private final Consumer< ? super Throwable> failure;
+
+		OnFailure(Consumer< ? super Throwable> failure) {
+			this.failure = requireNonNull(failure);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void run() {
+			Result<T> result = collect();
+			if (result.fail != null) {
+				try {
+					failure.accept(result.fail);
+				} catch (Throwable e) {
+					uncaughtException(e);
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * {@inheritDoc}
 	 */
 	@Override
-	public Promise<T> then(Callback callback) {
-		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(callbackExecutor,
-				scheduledExecutor);
-		onResolve(chained.new Chain(this, callback));
+	public <R> Promise<R> then(Success<? super T, ? extends R> success, Failure failure) {
+		PromiseImpl<R> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(executors);
+		onResolve(chained.new Then<>(this, success, failure));
 		return chained;
 	}
 
 	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public <R> Promise<R> then(Success<? super T, ? extends R> success) {
+		return then(success, null);
+	}
+
+	/**
 	 * A callback used to chain promises for the {@link #then(Success, Failure)}
 	 * method.
 	 * 
 	 * @Immutable
 	 */
 	private final class Then<P> implements Runnable {
-		private final Promise<P>				promise;
+		private final PromiseImpl<P>			promise;
 		private final Success<P, ? extends T>	success;
 		private final Failure					failure;
 
 		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-		Then(Promise<P> promise, Success< ? super P, ? extends T> success,
+		Then(PromiseImpl<P> promise, Success< ? super P, ? extends T> success,
 				Failure failure) {
 			this.promise = promise;
 			this.success = (Success<P, ? extends T>) success;
@@ -353,13 +366,13 @@
 
 		@Override
 		public void run() {
-			Throwable f = Result.collect(promise).fail;
-			if (f != null) {
+			Result<P> result = promise.collect();
+			if (result.fail != null) {
 				if (failure != null) {
 					try {
 						failure.fail(promise);
 					} catch (Throwable e) {
-						f = e; // propagate new exception
+						result.fail = e; // propagate new exception
 					}
 				}
 			} else if (success != null) {
@@ -367,7 +380,7 @@
 				try {
 					returned = success.call(promise);
 				} catch (Throwable e) {
-					f = e; // propagate new exception
+					result.fail = e; // propagate new exception
 				}
 				if (returned != null) {
 					// resolve chained when returned promise is resolved
@@ -375,60 +388,95 @@
 					return;
 				}
 			}
-			tryResolve(null, f);
+			tryResolve(null, result.fail);
 		}
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * A callback used to resolve the chained Promise when the Promise promise
-	 * is resolved.
+	 * A callback used to resolve the chained Promise when the Promise is
+	 * resolved.
 	 * 
 	 * @Immutable
 	 */
 	private final class Chain implements Runnable {
-		private final Promise< ? extends T>	promise;
-		private final Throwable				failure;
-		private final Callback				callback;
-
+		private final Promise< ? extends T> promise;
+	
 		Chain(Promise< ? extends T> promise) {
 			this.promise = promise;
-			this.failure = null;
-			this.callback = null;
 		}
-
-		Chain(Promise< ? extends T> promise, Throwable failure) {
-			this.promise = promise;
-			this.failure = requireNonNull(failure);
-			this.callback = null;
-		}
-
-		Chain(Promise< ? extends T> promise, Callback callback) {
-			this.promise = promise;
-			this.failure = null;
-			this.callback = requireNonNull(callback);
-		}
-
+	
 		@Override
 		public void run() {
-			if (callback != null) {
+			Result<T> result = collect(promise);
+			tryResolve(result.value, result.fail);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * A callback used to resolve the chained Promise when the PromiseImpl is
+	 * resolved.
+	 * 
+	 * @Immutable
+	 * @since 1.1
+	 */
+	private final class ChainImpl implements Runnable {
+		private final PromiseImpl<T> promise;
+	
+		ChainImpl(PromiseImpl<T> promise) {
+			this.promise = promise;
+		}
+	
+		@Override
+		public void run() {
+			Result<T> result = promise.collect();
+			tryResolve(result.value, result.fail);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 * 
+	 * @since 1.1
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public Promise<T> thenAccept(Consumer< ? super T> consumer) {
+		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(executors);
+		onResolve(chained.new ThenAccept(this, consumer));
+		return chained;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * A callback used to resolve the chained Promise and call a Consumer when
+	 * the PromiseImpl is resolved.
+	 * 
+	 * @Immutable
+	 * @since 1.1
+	 */
+	private final class ThenAccept implements Runnable {
+		private final PromiseImpl<T>		promise;
+		private final Consumer< ? super T> consumer;
+	
+		ThenAccept(PromiseImpl<T> promise, Consumer< ? super T> consumer) {
+			this.promise = promise;
+			this.consumer = requireNonNull(consumer);
+		}
+	
+		@Override
+		public void run() {
+			Result<T> result = promise.collect();
+			if (result.fail == null) {
 				try {
-					callback.run();
+					consumer.accept(result.value);
 				} catch (Throwable e) {
-					tryResolve(null, e);
-					return;
+					result.fail = e;
 				}
 			}
-			Result<T> result = Result.collect(promise);
-			if ((result.fail != null) && (failure != null)) {
-				result.fail = failure;
-			}
 			tryResolve(result.value, result.fail);
 		}
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Resolve this Promise with the specified Promise.
-	 * 
 	 * <p>
 	 * If the specified Promise is successfully resolved, this Promise is
 	 * resolved with the value of the specified Promise. If the specified
@@ -436,7 +484,7 @@
 	 * failure of the specified Promise.
 	 * 
 	 * @param with A Promise whose value or failure must be used to resolve this
-	 *        Promise. Must not be {@code null}.
+	 *            Promise. Must not be {@code null}.
 	 * @return A Promise that is resolved only when this Promise is resolved by
 	 *         the specified Promise. The returned Promise must be successfully
 	 *         resolved with the value {@code null}, if this Promise was
@@ -446,37 +494,36 @@
 	 *         resolved.
 	 */
 	Promise<Void> resolveWith(Promise<? extends T> with) {
-		PromiseImpl<Void> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(callbackExecutor,
-				scheduledExecutor);
-		with.onResolve(new ResolveWith(with, chained));
+		PromiseImpl<Void> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(executors);
+		with.onResolve(chained.new ResolveWith<>(this, with));
 		return chained;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * A callback used to resolve this Promise with another Promise for the
+	 * A callback used to resolve a Promise with another Promise for the
 	 * {@link PromiseImpl#resolveWith(Promise)} method.
 	 * 
 	 * @Immutable
 	 */
-	private final class ResolveWith implements Runnable {
-		private final Promise< ? extends T>	promise;
-		private final PromiseImpl<Void>	chained;
+	private final class ResolveWith<P> implements Runnable {
+		private final PromiseImpl<P>		promise;
+		private final Promise< ? extends P>	with;
 
-		ResolveWith(Promise< ? extends T> promise, PromiseImpl<Void> chained) {
+		ResolveWith(PromiseImpl<P> promise, Promise< ? extends P> with) {
 			this.promise = promise;
-			this.chained = chained;
+			this.with = requireNonNull(with);
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		public void run() {
 			Throwable f = null;
-			Result<T> result = Result.collect(promise);
+			Result<P> result = collect(with);
 			try {
-				resolve(result.value, result.fail);
+				promise.resolve(result.value, result.fail);
 			} catch (Throwable e) {
 				f = e; // propagate new exception
 			}
-			chained.tryResolve(null, f);
+			tryResolve(null, f);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -485,8 +532,7 @@
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public Promise<T> filter(Predicate<? super T> predicate) {
-		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(callbackExecutor,
-				scheduledExecutor);
+		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(executors);
 		onResolve(chained.new Filter(this, predicate));
 		return chained;
 	}
@@ -497,17 +543,17 @@
 	 * @Immutable
 	 */
 	private final class Filter implements Runnable {
-		private final Promise< ? extends T>	promise;
+		private final PromiseImpl<T>		promise;
 		private final Predicate<? super T>	predicate;
 
-		Filter(Promise< ? extends T> promise, Predicate< ? super T> predicate) {
+		Filter(PromiseImpl<T> promise, Predicate< ? super T> predicate) {
 			this.promise = promise;
 			this.predicate = requireNonNull(predicate);
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		public void run() {
-			Result<T> result = Result.collect(promise);
+			Result<T> result = promise.collect();
 			if (result.fail == null) {
 				try {
 					if (!predicate.test(result.value)) {
@@ -526,8 +572,7 @@
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public <R> Promise<R> map(Function<? super T, ? extends R> mapper) {
-		PromiseImpl<R> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(callbackExecutor,
-				scheduledExecutor);
+		PromiseImpl<R> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(executors);
 		onResolve(chained.new Map<>(this, mapper));
 		return chained;
 	}
@@ -538,10 +583,10 @@
 	 * @Immutable
 	 */
 	private final class Map<P> implements Runnable {
-		private final Promise< ? extends P>				promise;
+		private final PromiseImpl<P>					promise;
 		private final Function<? super P, ? extends T>	mapper;
 
-		Map(Promise< ? extends P> promise,
+		Map(PromiseImpl<P> promise,
 				Function< ? super P, ? extends T> mapper) {
 			this.promise = promise;
 			this.mapper = requireNonNull(mapper);
@@ -549,7 +594,7 @@
 
 		@Override
 		public void run() {
-			Result<P> result = Result.collect(promise);
+			Result<P> result = promise.collect();
 			T v = null;
 			if (result.fail == null) {
 				try {
@@ -567,8 +612,7 @@
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public <R> Promise<R> flatMap(Function<? super T, Promise<? extends R>> mapper) {
-		PromiseImpl<R> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(callbackExecutor,
-				scheduledExecutor);
+		PromiseImpl<R> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(executors);
 		onResolve(chained.new FlatMap<>(this, mapper));
 		return chained;
 	}
@@ -579,10 +623,10 @@
 	 * @Immutable
 	 */
 	private final class FlatMap<P> implements Runnable {
-		private final Promise< ? extends P>							promise;
+		private final PromiseImpl<P>								promise;
 		private final Function< ? super P,Promise< ? extends T>>	mapper;
 
-		FlatMap(Promise< ? extends P> promise,
+		FlatMap(PromiseImpl<P> promise,
 				Function< ? super P,Promise< ? extends T>> mapper) {
 			this.promise = promise;
 			this.mapper = requireNonNull(mapper);
@@ -590,7 +634,7 @@
 
 		@Override
 		public void run() {
-			Result<P> result = Result.collect(promise);
+			Result<P> result = promise.collect();
 			if (result.fail == null) {
 				Promise< ? extends T> flatmap = null;
 				try {
@@ -612,8 +656,7 @@
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public Promise<T> recover(Function<Promise<?>, ? extends T> recovery) {
-		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(callbackExecutor,
-				scheduledExecutor);
+		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(executors);
 		onResolve(chained.new Recover(this, recovery));
 		return chained;
 	}
@@ -624,10 +667,10 @@
 	 * @Immutable
 	 */
 	private final class Recover implements Runnable {
-		private final Promise<T>							promise;
+		private final PromiseImpl<T>						promise;
 		private final Function<Promise< ? >, ? extends T>	recovery;
 
-		Recover(Promise<T> promise,
+		Recover(PromiseImpl<T> promise,
 				Function<Promise< ? >, ? extends T> recovery) {
 			this.promise = promise;
 			this.recovery = requireNonNull(recovery);
@@ -635,7 +678,7 @@
 
 		@Override
 		public void run() {
-			Result<T> result = Result.collect(promise);
+			Result<T> result = promise.collect();
 			if (result.fail != null) {
 				try {
 					T v = recovery.apply(promise);
@@ -656,8 +699,7 @@
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public Promise<T> recoverWith(Function<Promise<?>, Promise<? extends T>> recovery) {
-		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(callbackExecutor,
-				scheduledExecutor);
+		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(executors);
 		onResolve(chained.new RecoverWith(this, recovery));
 		return chained;
 	}
@@ -668,10 +710,10 @@
 	 * @Immutable
 	 */
 	private final class RecoverWith implements Runnable {
-		private final Promise<T>									promise;
+		private final PromiseImpl<T>								promise;
 		private final Function<Promise<?>, Promise<? extends T>>	recovery;
 
-		RecoverWith(Promise<T> promise,
+		RecoverWith(PromiseImpl<T> promise,
 				Function<Promise< ? >,Promise< ? extends T>> recovery) {
 			this.promise = promise;
 			this.recovery = requireNonNull(recovery);
@@ -679,7 +721,7 @@
 
 		@Override
 		public void run() {
-			Result<T> result = Result.collect(promise);
+			Result<T> result = promise.collect();
 			if (result.fail != null) {
 				Promise< ? extends T> recovered = null;
 				try {
@@ -701,8 +743,7 @@
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public Promise<T> fallbackTo(Promise<? extends T> fallback) {
-		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(callbackExecutor,
-				scheduledExecutor);
+		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(executors);
 		onResolve(chained.new FallbackTo(this, fallback));
 		return chained;
 	}
@@ -713,21 +754,47 @@
 	 * @Immutable
 	 */
 	private final class FallbackTo implements Runnable {
-		private final Promise<T>			promise;
+		private final PromiseImpl<T>		promise;
 		private final Promise<? extends T>	fallback;
 
-		FallbackTo(Promise<T> promise, Promise< ? extends T> fallback) {
+		FallbackTo(PromiseImpl<T> promise, Promise< ? extends T> fallback) {
 			this.promise = promise;
 			this.fallback = requireNonNull(fallback);
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		public void run() {
-			Result<T> result = Result.collect(promise);
+			Result<T> result = promise.collect();
 			if (result.fail != null) {
-				fallback.onResolve(new Chain(fallback, result.fail));
+				fallback.onResolve(new FallbackChain(fallback, result.fail));
 				return;
 			}
+			tryResolve(result.value, null);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * A callback used to resolve the chained Promise when the fallback Promise
+	 * is resolved.
+	 * 
+	 * @Immutable
+	 * @since 1.1
+	 */
+	private final class FallbackChain implements Runnable {
+		private final Promise< ? extends T>	fallback;
+		private final Throwable failure;
+	
+		FallbackChain(Promise< ? extends T> fallback, Throwable failure) {
+			this.fallback = fallback;
+			this.failure = failure;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void run() {
+			Result<T> result = collect(fallback);
+			if (result.fail != null) {
+				result.fail = failure;
+			}
 			tryResolve(result.value, result.fail);
 		}
 	}
@@ -739,13 +806,10 @@
 	 */
 	ScheduledFuture< ? > schedule(Runnable operation, long delay,
 			TimeUnit unit) {
-		ScheduledExecutorService executor = scheduledExecutor;
-		if (executor == null) {
-			executor = DefaultExecutors.scheduledExecutor();
-		}
 		try {
 			try {
-				return executor.schedule(operation, delay, unit);
+				return executors.scheduledExecutor().schedule(operation, delay,
+						unit);
 			} catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
 				operation.run();
 			}
@@ -762,12 +826,14 @@
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public Promise<T> timeout(long millis) {
-		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(callbackExecutor,
-				scheduledExecutor);
+		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(executors);
 		if (!isDone()) {
-			onResolve(chained.new Timeout(millis, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+			PromiseImpl<T> timedout = new PromiseImpl<>(null,
+					new TimeoutException(), executors);
+			onResolve(new Timeout(chained.new ChainImpl(timedout), millis,
+					TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
 		}
-		onResolve(chained.new Chain(this));
+		onResolve(chained.new ChainImpl(this));
 		return chained;
 	}
 
@@ -781,8 +847,8 @@
 	private final class Timeout implements Runnable {
 		private final ScheduledFuture< ? > future;
 
-		Timeout(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) {
-			future = schedule(new TimeoutAction(), timeout, unit);
+		Timeout(Runnable operation, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
+			future = schedule(operation, delay, unit);
 		}
 
 		@Override
@@ -794,30 +860,14 @@
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Callback used to fail the Promise if the timeout expires.
-	 * 
-	 * @Immutable
-	 * @since 1.1
-	 */
-	private final class TimeoutAction implements Runnable {
-		TimeoutAction() {}
-
-		@Override
-		public void run() {
-			tryResolve(null, new TimeoutException());
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
 	 * {@inheritDoc}
 	 * 
 	 * @since 1.1
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public Promise<T> delay(long millis) {
-		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(callbackExecutor,
-				scheduledExecutor);
-		onResolve(new Delay(chained.new Chain(this), millis,
+		PromiseImpl<T> chained = new PromiseImpl<>(executors);
+		onResolve(new Delay(chained.new ChainImpl(this), millis,
 				TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
 		return chained;
 	}
@@ -847,157 +897,7 @@
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Default executors for callbacks.
-	 * 
-	 * @Immutable
-	 * @since 1.1
-	 */
-	private static final class DefaultExecutors
-			implements ThreadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler, Runnable {
-		private static final DefaultExecutors	callbacks;
-		private static final ScheduledExecutor	scheduledExecutor;
-		private static final ThreadPoolExecutor	callbackExecutor;
-		static {
-			callbacks = new DefaultExecutors();
-			scheduledExecutor = new ScheduledExecutor(2, callbacks);
-			callbackExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, 64, 60L,
-					TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
-					callbacks, callbacks);
-		}
-
-		static Executor callbackExecutor() {
-			return callbackExecutor;
-		}
-
-		static ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutor() {
-			return scheduledExecutor;
-		}
-
-		private final AtomicBoolean	shutdownHookInstalled;
-		private final ThreadFactory	delegateThreadFactory;
-
-		private DefaultExecutors() {
-			shutdownHookInstalled = new AtomicBoolean();
-			delegateThreadFactory = Executors.defaultThreadFactory();
-		}
-
-		/**
-		 * Executor threads should not prevent VM from exiting
-		 */
-		@Override
-		public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
-			if (shutdownHookInstalled.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
-				Thread shutdownThread = delegateThreadFactory.newThread(this);
-				shutdownThread.setName("ExecutorShutdownHook,"
-						+ shutdownThread.getName());
-				try {
-					Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownThread);
-				} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
-					// VM is already shutting down...
-					callbackExecutor.shutdown();
-					scheduledExecutor.shutdown();
-				}
-			}
-			Thread t = delegateThreadFactory.newThread(r);
-			t.setName("PromiseImpl," + t.getName());
-			t.setDaemon(true);
-			return t;
-		}
-
-		/**
-		 * Call the callback using the caller's thread because the thread pool
-		 * rejected the execution.
-		 */
-		@Override
-		public void rejectedExecution(Runnable callback,
-				ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
-			try {
-				callback.run();
-			} catch (Throwable t) {
-				uncaughtException(t);
-			}
-		}
-
-		/**
-		 * Shutdown hook
-		 */
-		@Override
-		public void run() {
-			// limit new thread creation
-			callbackExecutor.setMaximumPoolSize(
-					Math.max(1, callbackExecutor.getPoolSize()));
-			// Run all delayed callbacks now
-			scheduledExecutor.shutdown();
-			BlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = scheduledExecutor.getQueue();
-			if (!queue.isEmpty()) {
-				for (Object r : queue.toArray()) {
-					if (r instanceof RunnableScheduledFuture< ? >) {
-						RunnableScheduledFuture< ? > future = (RunnableScheduledFuture< ? >) r;
-						if ((future.getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) > 0L)
-								&& queue.remove(future)) {
-							future.run();
-							scheduledExecutor.afterExecute(future, null);
-						}
-					}
-				}
-				scheduledExecutor.shutdown();
-			}
-			try {
-				scheduledExecutor.awaitTermination(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
-				Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-			}
-			// Shutdown callback executor
-			callbackExecutor.shutdown();
-			try {
-				callbackExecutor.awaitTermination(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
-				Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-			}
-		}
-
-		/**
-		 * ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor for scheduled execution.
-		 * 
-		 * @ThreadSafe
-		 */
-		private static final class ScheduledExecutor
-				extends ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor {
-			ScheduledExecutor(int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
-				super(corePoolSize, threadFactory);
-			}
-
-			/**
-			 * Handle uncaught exceptions
-			 */
-			@Override
-			protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
-				super.afterExecute(r, t);
-				if ((t == null) && (r instanceof Future< ? >)) {
-					boolean interrupted = Thread.interrupted();
-					try {
-						((Future< ? >) r).get();
-					} catch (CancellationException e) {
-						// ignore
-					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
-						interrupted = true;
-					} catch (ExecutionException e) {
-						t = e.getCause();
-					} finally {
-						if (interrupted) { // restore interrupt status
-							Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-						}
-					}
-				}
-				if (t != null) {
-					uncaughtException(t);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * A holder of the result of a promise.
+	 * A holder of the result of a Promise.
 	 * 
 	 * @NotThreadSafe
 	 * @since 1.1
@@ -1005,25 +905,60 @@
 	static final class Result<P> {
 		Throwable	fail;
 		P			value;
+	
+		Result(P value) {
+			this.value = value;
+			this.fail = null;
+		}
+	
+		Result(Throwable fail) {
+			this.value = null;
+			this.fail = fail;
+		}
+	}
 
-		Result() {}
+	/**
+	 * Return a holder of the result of this PromiseImpl.
+	 * 
+	 * @since 1.1
+	 */
+	Result<T> collect() {
+		if (!isDone()) { // ensure latch open before reading state
+			return new Result<T>(new AssertionError("promise not resolved"));
+		}
+		if (fail == null) {
+			return new Result<T>(value);
+		}
+		return new Result<T>(fail);
+	}
 
-		static <R> Result<R> collect(Promise< ? extends R> promise) {
-			Result<R> result = new Result<>();
-			final boolean interrupted = Thread.interrupted();
-			try {
-				result.fail = promise.getFailure();
-				if (result.fail == null) {
-					result.value = promise.getValue();
-				}
-			} catch (Throwable e) {
-				result.fail = e; // propagate new exception
-			} finally {
-				if (interrupted) { // restore interrupt status
-					Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-				}
+	/**
+	 * Return a holder of the result of the specified Promise.
+	 * 
+	 * @since 1.1
+	 */
+	static <R> Result<R> collect(Promise< ? extends R> promise) {
+		if (promise instanceof PromiseImpl) {
+			@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+			PromiseImpl<R> impl = (PromiseImpl<R>) promise;
+			return impl.collect();
+		}
+		if (!promise.isDone()) {
+			return new Result<R>(new AssertionError("promise not resolved"));
+		}
+		final boolean interrupted = Thread.interrupted();
+		try {
+			Throwable fail = promise.getFailure();
+			if (fail == null) {
+				return new Result<R>(promise.getValue());
 			}
-			return result;
+			return new Result<R>(fail);
+		} catch (Throwable e) {
+			return new Result<R>(e); // propagate new exception
+		} finally {
+			if (interrupted) { // restore interrupt status
+				Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/Promises.java b/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/Promises.java
index 394bce4..a25bdf3 100644
--- a/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/Promises.java
+++ b/bundles/org.eclipse.osgi.util/src/org/osgi/util/promise/Promises.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 package org.osgi.util.promise;
 
-import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+import static org.osgi.util.promise.PromiseExecutors.defaultExecutors;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -42,10 +42,13 @@
 	 * 
 	 * @param <T> The value type associated with the returned Promise.
 	 * @param value The value of the resolved Promise.
-	 * @return A new Promise that has been resolved with the specified value.
+	 * @return A new Promise which uses the default callback executor and
+	 *         default scheduled executor that has been resolved with the
+	 *         specified value.
+	 * @see PromiseExecutors#resolved(Object)
 	 */
 	public static <T> Promise<T> resolved(T value) {
-		return new PromiseImpl<>(value, null, null, null);
+		return defaultExecutors.resolved(value);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -54,10 +57,13 @@
 	 * @param <T> The value type associated with the returned Promise.
 	 * @param failure The failure of the resolved Promise. Must not be
 	 *            {@code null}.
-	 * @return A new Promise that has been resolved with the specified failure.
+	 * @return A new Promise which uses the default callback executor and
+	 *         default scheduled executor that has been resolved with the
+	 *         specified failure.
+	 * @see PromiseExecutors#failed(Throwable)
 	 */
 	public static <T> Promise<T> failed(Throwable failure) {
-		return new PromiseImpl<>(null, requireNonNull(failure), null, null);
+		return defaultExecutors.failed(failure);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -74,19 +80,21 @@
 	 * @param promises The Promises which must be resolved before the returned
 	 *            Promise must be resolved. Must not be {@code null} and all of
 	 *            the elements in the collection must not be {@code null}.
-	 * @return A Promise that is resolved only when all the specified Promises
-	 *         are resolved. The returned Promise must be successfully resolved
-	 *         with a List of the values in the order of the specified Promises
-	 *         if all the specified Promises are successfully resolved. The List
-	 *         in the returned Promise is the property of the caller and is
-	 *         modifiable. The returned Promise must be resolved with a failure
-	 *         of {@link FailedPromisesException} if any of the specified
-	 *         Promises are resolved with a failure. The failure
+	 * @return A Promise which uses the default callback executor and default
+	 *         scheduled executor that is resolved only when all the specified
+	 *         Promises are resolved. The returned Promise must be successfully
+	 *         resolved with a List of the values in the order of the specified
+	 *         Promises if all the specified Promises are successfully resolved.
+	 *         The List in the returned Promise is the property of the caller
+	 *         and is modifiable. The returned Promise must be resolved with a
+	 *         failure of {@link FailedPromisesException} if any of the
+	 *         specified Promises are resolved with a failure. The failure
 	 *         {@link FailedPromisesException} must contain all of the specified
 	 *         Promises which resolved with a failure.
+	 * @see #all(Deferred, Collection)
 	 */
 	public static <T, S extends T> Promise<List<T>> all(Collection<Promise<S>> promises) {
-		return all(new Deferred<List<T>>(), promises);
+		return all(defaultExecutors.<List<T>> deferred(), promises);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -118,6 +126,7 @@
 	 *         {@link FailedPromisesException} must contain all of the specified
 	 *         Promises which resolved with a failure.
 	 * @since 1.1
+	 * @see PromiseExecutors#deferred()
 	 */
 	public static <T, S extends T> Promise<List<T>> all(
 			Deferred<List<T>> deferred, Collection<Promise<S>> promises) {
@@ -147,7 +156,8 @@
 	 * @param promises The Promises which must be resolved before the returned
 	 *            Promise must be resolved. Must not be {@code null} and all of
 	 *            the arguments must not be {@code null}.
-	 * @return A Promise that is resolved only when all the specified Promises
+	 * @return A Promise which uses the default callback executor and scheduled
+	 *         executor that is resolved only when all the specified Promises
 	 *         are resolved. The returned Promise must be successfully resolved
 	 *         with a List of the values in the order of the specified Promises
 	 *         if all the specified Promises are successfully resolved. The List
@@ -157,6 +167,7 @@
 	 *         Promises are resolved with a failure. The failure
 	 *         {@link FailedPromisesException} must contain all of the specified
 	 *         Promises which resolved with a failure.
+	 * @see #all(Deferred, Promise...)
 	 */
 	@SafeVarargs
 	public static <T> Promise<List<T>> all(Promise<? extends T>... promises) {
@@ -191,6 +202,7 @@
 	 *         {@link FailedPromisesException} must contain all of the specified
 	 *         Promises which resolved with a failure.
 	 * @since 1.1
+	 * @see PromiseExecutors#deferred()
 	 */
 	@SafeVarargs
 	public static <T> Promise<List<T>> all(Deferred<List<T>> deferred,
@@ -229,7 +241,7 @@
 			List<Promise<?>> failed = new ArrayList<>(promises.size());
 			Throwable cause = null;
 			for (Promise<? extends T> promise : promises) {
-				Result<T> result = Result.collect(promise);
+				Result<T> result = PromiseImpl.collect(promise);
 				if (result.fail != null) {
 					failed.add(promise);
 					if (cause == null) {