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| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="content"> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_data_constraints"><a class="anchor" href="#_data_constraints"></a>Data Constraints</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph normal"> |
| <p>Data constraints impose conditions on the parameter values in observed events. The intuition behind data constraints is: if a sequence of events is observed then a condition over the observed parameters is satisfied.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Events have the same syntax as the events in timing constraints. In addition, event parameters can be variables that are bound to actual values when the event is observed.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Below is the general structure of data constraints specifications:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>data constraints |
| |
| variables |
| |
| //Variable declarations |
| Type1 VariableName1 |
| Type2 VariableName2 |
| ... |
| |
| //Constraints with the following general structure |
| |
| constraintName step1; step2; ... ; step_n where condition_boolean_expression</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A step can be one of the following:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>event, e.g. <span class="maroon"><strong>notification</strong></span> Done</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><span class="maroon"><strong>no</strong></span>[event]: a negation of event, e.g. <span class="maroon"><strong>no</strong></span>[<strong>command</strong> putMoney]<br> |
| <em>matches an observed event if it is different than the negated event</em></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>body (event or negation of event) <span class="maroon"><strong>until</strong></span> stop condition (event or negation of event): repetition of events until a given event is observed<br> |
| <em>matches a sequence of observed events in which the last one matches the stop condition and the preceding (possibly none) events match the body</em></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This is an example of a data constraint that checks if the reply to a command has the same parameter value as the first command parameter:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><code><span class="maroon">command</span> A(X, *); <span class="maroon">any event until reply</span>(Y) <span class="maroon">where</span> X == Y</code></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For a more complex example, consider a component that provides communication channels to its clients. Channels have a given bandwidth. Clients can request a communication channel by sending asynchronously the signal <strong>openChannel</strong> with the desired bandwidth as a parameter. The component tries to open the channel and notifies the client by sending a notification <strong>channelStatus</strong> with two parameters: a boolean value that indicates the success/failure of the channel opening action and the actual bandwidth. A requirement on this protocol is that in case of success, the reported bandwidth must be the same as the requested bandwidth. In addition, while trying to open the channel, the component may continue receiving commands and signals and sending notifications.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The stated requirement can be formulated as the following data constraint rule:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>data constraints |
| |
| variables |
| |
| int requestedBandwidth //variable to be bound to the value of the requested bandwidth |
| int confirmedBandwidth //variable to be bound to the value of the confirmed bandwidth |
| bool status //variable to be bound to the status of the request |
| |
| bandwidthEquality //name of the data constraint |
| signal openChannel(requestedBandwidth); //if the signal is observed |
| //the parameter value is assigned to variable requestedBandwidth |
| any event //any event may occur while waiting for confirmation |
| until |
| channelStatus(status, confirmedBandwidth) //this event marks the end of the searched sequence of events |
| where |
| |
| //the condition is equivalent to: if status is true then the bandwidth values are equal |
| //stated more formally: status => (requestedBandwidth == confirmedBadwidth) |
| //since the CommaSuite framework does not support implication, we use the well known equivalence: |
| //(G => F) <=> (NOT G OR F) |
| |
| (NOT status) |
| OR |
| (requestedBandwidth == confirmedBandwidth)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Similarly to time constraints, an optional <strong>when</strong> condition can be used in the events provided that the data constraint is defined in an interface definition. Note that interface variables that are allowed in the <strong>when</strong> condition cannot be used in the <strong>where</strong> condition.</p> |
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