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| <p><a href="basic-signals.html">Signals</a> already described what an <a href="basic-signals-event.html">Event</a> in Ditto is. |
| Events are emitted after an entity (either a <strong>digital twin</strong> or an actual device) was changed.</p> |
| |
| <p>At the Ditto API there are different ways for getting notified of such events:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Via the <a href="httpapi-protocol-bindings-websocket.html">WebSocket API</a> a WebSocket client gets all Events the authenticated subject |
| (e.g. a user) is <a href="basic-auth.html">authorized</a> to receive as <a href="protocol-overview.html">Ditto Protocol</a> messages.</li> |
| <li>Via <a href="httpapi-sse.html">HTTP SSEs</a> a consumer of the SSE <code class="highlighter-rouge">EventSource</code> gets all Events the authenticated subject |
| (e.g. a user) is <a href="basic-auth.html">authorized</a> to receive directly in the format of the changed entity |
| (e.g. as <a href="basic-thing.html#model-specification">Thing JSON</a> format).</li> |
| <li>Via an established <a href="basic-connections.html">connection</a> in the <a href="connectivity-overview.html">connectivity</a> service</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h2 id="filtering">Filtering</h2> |
| |
| <p>In order to not get all of the events an authenticated <a href="basic-auth.html">subject</a> (e.g. a user added in nginx) is allowed |
| to see, but to filter for specific criteria, events may be filtered on the Ditto backend side.</p> |
| |
| <p>The above mentioned different APIs provide their own mechanisms on how to define such filters, but they all share the |
| common functionality of based on which information events may be filtered.</p> |
| |
| <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> <b>Note:</b> All filters are specified in an URL query format, therefore their values should be URL |
| encoded before sending them to the backend. The equal (=) and the ampersand (&) character must be encoded in any RQL |
| filter!</div> |
| |
| <h3 id="by-namespaces">By namespaces</h3> |
| |
| <p>Filtering may be done based on a namespace name. Each Ditto <a href="basic-thing.html">Thing</a> has an ID containing a namespace |
| (see also the conventions for a <a href="basic-thing.html#thing-id">Thing ID</a>).</p> |
| |
| <p>By providing the <code class="highlighter-rouge">namespaces</code> filter, a comma separated list of which namespaces to include in the result, only Things |
| in namespaces of interest are considered and thus only events of these Things are emitted at the API.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example, one would only subscribe for events occurring in 2 specific namespaces by defining:</p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>namespaces=org.eclipse.ditto.one,org.eclipse.ditto.two |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h3 id="by-rql-expression">By RQL expression</h3> |
| |
| <p>If filtering by namespaces it not sufficient, Ditto also allows to provide an <a href="basic-rql.html">RQL expression</a> specifying a |
| Thing payload based condition determining which events should be emitted and which don’t.</p> |
| |
| <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> <b>Note:</b> This filter is applied on the modified data of a Thing, data which was not changed will |
| not be considered when applying the filter.</div> |
| |
| <p>This provides the opportunity to formulate filters like the following:</p> |
| |
| <h4 id="examples">Examples</h4> |
| |
| <p>Only emit events when attribute “count” was changed to a value greater than 42:</p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>filter=gt(attributes/count,42) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Only emit events for Things starting with myThing when a feature “lamp” was modified:</p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>filter=and(like(thingId,"org.eclipse.ditto:myThing*"),exists(features/lamp)) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Only emit events when the attribute “manufacturer” was changed to starting with “ACME & Sons”. |
| The <code class="highlighter-rouge">&</code> must be escaped in that case:</p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>filter=like(attributes/manufacturer,"ACME %26 Sons*") |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>You get the idea of how mighty this becomes by utilizing Ditto’s <a href="basic-rql.html">RQL expressions</a>.</p> |
| |
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