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<p>Arrays are a fixed-size sequence of objects. In Mita, arrays can hold any type:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-TypeScript" data-lang="TypeScript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">array1</span> : <span class="kt">array</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">int32</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nx">struct</span> <span class="nx">vec2d</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">x</span> : <span class="kt">int32</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">y</span> : <span class="kt">int32</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">array2</span> : <span class="kt">array</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">vec2d</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="initialization">Initialization</h2>
<p>There are multiple ways to initialize and fill arrays:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-TypeScript" data-lang="TypeScript"><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">array1</span> : <span class="kt">array</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">int32</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">array</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">int32</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">array2</span> : <span class="kt">array</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">int32</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">];</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="length">Length</h2>
<p>Mita arrays know how long arrays are, unlike C arrays. This allows you to do a lot of things with arrays without knowing their size.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-TypeScript" data-lang="TypeScript"><span class="nx">fn</span> <span class="nx">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">a</span> : <span class="kt">array</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">int32</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">for</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">result</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span></code></pre></div>
<p>The only exception to that is returning arrays. While we try hard to do <a href="../../concepts/#element-size-inference">element size inference</a>, in some cases we fail to correctly infer the size of your array and inform you about it. In that case you need to manually specify the array length:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-TypeScript" data-lang="TypeScript"><span class="nx">fn</span> <span class="nx">returnsArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">array</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">int32</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">array1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">array</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">int32</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">array1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="access">Access</h2>
<p>You access arrays using the familiar square brackets <code>[]</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-TypeScript" data-lang="TypeScript"><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">array1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">v1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">array1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="nx">array1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">v1</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="slices">Slices</h2>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Copy by value</p>
<p>Everything is copy by value!</p>
</div>
<p>If you only need to take some parts of your array, you can use slices. A slice of an array is a <strong>copy</strong> of part of the array. For example, in the following code, <code>array2</code> contains the values <code>[2, 3]</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-TypeScript" data-lang="TypeScript"><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">array1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">array2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">array1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">1</span>:<span class="kt">3</span><span class="p">];</span></code></pre></div>
<p>You can leave out the upper or lower bound of the slice, or both.</p>
<h2 id="bounds-checks">Bounds checks</h2>
<p>Whenever you access parts of an array, be it by direct access or slices, we need to do a bounds check. In many cases this doesn&rsquo;t impart any runtime impact, since we can infer the bounds statically. If we can&rsquo;t, we generate bounds checks and throw an <code>IndexOutOfBoundsException</code> on failure. See <a href="../../language/exceptions/">Exceptions</a> for more info.</p>
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