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                 <h1 id="eol-syntax-updates">EOL Syntax Updates<a class="headerlink" href="#eol-syntax-updates" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
 <p>The following is a brief description of changes to the Epsilon Object
 Language's syntax in each release.</p>
 <h3 id="22">2.2<a class="headerlink" href="#22" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p><code>Tuple</code> type. Similar to a Map with String keys, but its properties can be
     accessed like a regular object (using the <code>.</code> operator).</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Assign if null operator <code>?=</code> as convenient shorthand for <code>a = a ?: b</code>, that is:
 <code>a = a &lt;&gt; null ? a : b</code>.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 <h3 id="21">2.1<a class="headerlink" href="#21" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_operator">Elvis operator</a> as a convenient
     shorthand to use an alternative value if an expression is null.
     <code>a ?: b</code> is a concise way of writing <code>a &lt;&gt; null ? a else b</code>.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_navigation_operator">Null-safe navigation operator</a>
     to allow for easy chaining of feature calls without resorting to null checks.
     For example, <code>null?.getClass()?.getName()</code> will return <code>null</code> without crashing.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><code>!=</code> can be used as an alias for <code>&lt;&gt;</code> (i.e. "not equals").</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 <h3 id="20">2.0<a class="headerlink" href="#20" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Ternary expressions, which can be used almost anywhere, not just in
     assignments or returns. Syntax and semantics are identical to Java,
     but you can also use the <code>else</code> keyword in place of the <code>:</code> if you
     prefer.</li>
 <li>Native lambda expressions. You can use first-order operation syntax
     or JavaScript-style <code>=&gt;</code> for <a href="http://eclipse.org/epsilon/doc/articles/eol-syntax-updates/../lambda-expressions">invoking functional
     interfaces.</a></li>
 <li>Removed old-style OCL comments (<code>-*</code> and <code>--</code>).</li>
 <li><code>--</code> can be used to decrement integers.</li>
 <li>Thread-safe collection types: <code>ConcurrentBag</code>, <code>ConcurrentMap</code> and
     <code>ConcurrentSet</code>.</li>
 </ul>
 <h3 id="14">1.4<a class="headerlink" href="#14" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Added support for postfix increment operator (i.e. <code>i++</code>) and for
     composite assignment statements (i.e.
     <code>a +=1; a -= 2; a *= 3; a /= 4;</code>)</li>
 </ul>
 <h3 id="091">0.9.1<a class="headerlink" href="#091" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Added support for externally defined variables.</li>
 <li>Support for Map literal expressions (e.g.
     <code>Map {key1 = value1, k2 = v2}</code>)</li>
 </ul>
 <h3 id="088">0.8.8<a class="headerlink" href="#088" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
 <p>In 0.8.8 we extended the syntax of EOL so that it looks and feels a bit
 more like Java. As the majority of Eclipse/EMF audience are Java
 programmers, this will hopefully make their (and our) lives a bit
 easier. Of course, all these changes also affect all languages built on
 top of EOL.</p>
 <p>More specifically, we have introduced:</p>
 <ul>
 <li>double quotes (<code>" "</code>) for string literals,</li>
 <li>backticks (` `) for reserved words,</li>
 <li>Java-like comments (<code>//</code> and <code>/**/</code>),</li>
 <li><code>==</code> as a comparison operator,</li>
 <li><code>=</code> as an assignment operator (in 0.8.7)</li>
 </ul>
 <p>All these changes (except for the double quotes which have now been
 replaced by ` `) are non-breaking: the old syntax (<code>''</code> for strings,
 <code>=</code> for comparison and <code>:=</code> for assignment still work). Below is an
 example demonstrating the new syntax:</p>
 <pre class="prettyprint lang-eol"><code>/*
  This is a multi line comment
 */
 // This is a single line comment
 var i = 1;
 if (i == 1) {
   "Hello World".println();
 }

 i = 2; // Assigns the value 2 to i

 var `variable with spaces` = 3;
 `variable with spaces`.println(); // Prints 3</code></pre>

 <p>If you have suggestions for further Java-ifications of the EOL syntax,
 please post your comments to the <a href="http://eclipse.org/epsilon/doc/articles/eol-syntax-updates/../../../forum">Epsilon
 forum</a>
 or add them to <a href="https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=292403">bug
 292403</a>.</p>


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