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   <title>Running Jetty</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/docbook.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"><meta name="keywords" content="jetty, servlet, servlet-api, cometd, http, websocket, eclipse, maven, java, server, software"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Jetty"><link rel="up" href="quick-start-getting-started.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Using Jetty"><link rel="prev" href="quick-start-getting-started.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Using Jetty"><link rel="next" href="quickstart-deploying-webapps.html" title="Deploying Web Applications"><link xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" rel="shortcut icon" href="images/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="css/highlighter/foundation.css"><script src="js/highlight.pack.js"></script><script>
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    </script><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="css/font-awesome/font-awesome.min.css"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><table xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><tr><td style="width: 25%"><a href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty"><img src="images/jetty-header-logo.png" alt="Jetty Logo"></a><br><span style="font-size: small">
            Version: 9.3.27.v20190418</span></td><td style="width: 50%"></td></tr></table><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Running Jetty</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="quick-start-getting-started.html"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></i> Previous</a>&nbsp;</td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Using Jetty<br><a accesskey="p" href="index.html"><i class="fa fa-home" aria-hidden="true"></i> Home</a></th><td width="20%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="quickstart-deploying-webapps.html">Next <i class="fa fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="jetty-callout"><h5 class="callout"><a href="http://www.webtide.com/">Contact the core Jetty developers at
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      </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="quickstart-running-jetty"></a>Running Jetty</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="quickstart-running-jetty.html#demo-webapps-base">Demo Base</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="quickstart-running-jetty.html#creating-jetty-base">Creating a new Jetty Base</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="quickstart-running-jetty.html#quickstart-changing-jetty-port">Changing the Jetty Port</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="quickstart-running-jetty.html#quickstart-starting-https">Adding SSL for HTTPS &amp; HTTP2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="quickstart-running-jetty.html#_more_start_jar_options">More start.jar options</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>To start Jetty on the default port of 8080, run the following command:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">&gt; cd $JETTY_HOME
&gt; java -jar start.jar

2015-06-04 10:50:44.806:INFO::main: Logging initialized @334ms
2015-06-04 10:50:44.858:WARN:oejs.HomeBaseWarning:main: This instance of Jetty is not running from a separate {jetty.base} directory, this is not recommended.  See documentation at http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/documentation/current/startup.html
2015-06-04 10:50:44.995:INFO:oejs.Server:main: jetty-9.3.0.v20150601
2015-06-04 10:50:45.012:INFO:oejdp.ScanningAppProvider:main: Deployment monitor [file:///opt/jetty-distribution-9.3.0.v20150601/webapps/] at interval 1
2015-06-04 10:50:45.030:INFO:oejs.ServerConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@19dfb72a{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:8080}
2015-06-04 10:50:45.030:INFO:oejs.Server:main: Started @558ms</pre></div><p>You can point a browser at this server at <a class="link" href="http://localhost:8080" target="_top">http://localhost:8080</a>.
However, as there are no webapps deployed in the $JETTY_HOME directory, you will see a 404 error page served by Jetty.
<span class="strong"><strong>Note</strong></span> the HomeBase warning - it is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> recommended to run Jetty from the $JETTY_HOME directory.
Instead, see how to <a class="link" href="quickstart-running-jetty.html#creating-jetty-base" title="Creating a new Jetty Base">create a Jetty Base</a> below.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="demo-webapps-base"></a>Demo Base</h3></div></div></div><p>Within the standard jetty distribution there is the <code class="literal">demo-base</code> directory, which demonstrates the recommended way to run Jetty in a directory separately from $JETTY_HOME:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">&gt; cd $JETTY_HOME/demo-base/
&gt; java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar

2015-06-04 10:55:24.161:INFO::main: Logging initialized @308ms
2015-06-04 10:55:24.431:WARN::main: demo test-realm is deployed. DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION!
2015-06-04 10:55:24.434:INFO:oejs.Server:main: jetty-9.3.0.v20150601
2015-06-04 10:55:24.457:INFO:oejdp.ScanningAppProvider:main: Deployment monitor [file:///opt/jetty-distribution-9.3.0.v20150601/demo-base/webapps/] at interval 1
2015-06-04 10:55:24.826:INFO:oejsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.e.j.w.WebAppContext@c038203{/,file:///opt/jetty-distribution-9.3.0.v20150601/demo-base/webapps/ROOT/,AVAILABLE}{/ROOT}
2015-06-04 10:55:24.929:WARN::main: test-jaas webapp is deployed. DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION!
2015-06-04 10:55:24.978:INFO:oejsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.e.j.w.WebAppContext@46238e3f{/test-jaas,file:///tmp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-test-jaas.war-_test-jaas-any-9105214562680121772.dir/webapp/,AVAILABLE}{/test-jaas.war}
2015-06-04 10:55:25.162:WARN::main: async-rest webapp is deployed. DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION!
2015-06-04 10:55:25.208:INFO:oejsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.e.j.w.WebAppContext@6b67034{/async-rest,[file:///tmp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-async-rest.war-_async-rest-any-1023939491558622183.dir/webapp/, jar:file:///tmp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-async-rest.war-_async-rest-any-1023939491558622183.dir/webapp/WEB-INF/lib/example-async-rest-jar-9.3.0.v20150601.jar!/META-INF/resources],AVAILABLE}{/async-rest.war}
2015-06-04 10:55:25.311:WARN::main: test-jndi webapp is deployed. DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION!
2015-06-04 10:55:25.386:INFO:oejsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.e.j.w.WebAppContext@8b96fde{/test-jndi,file:///tmp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-test-jndi.war-_test-jndi-any-1692053319754270133.dir/webapp/,AVAILABLE}{/test-jndi.war}
2015-06-04 10:55:25.508:WARN::main: test-spec webapp is deployed. DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION!
2015-06-04 10:55:25.594:INFO:oejsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.e.j.w.WebAppContext@69930714{/test-spec,[file:///tmp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-test-spec.war-_test-spec-any-5518740932795802823.dir/webapp/, jar:file:///tmp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-test-spec.war-_test-spec-any-5518740932795802823.dir/webapp/WEB-INF/lib/test-web-fragment-9.3.0.v20150601.jar!/META-INF/resources],AVAILABLE}{/test-spec.war}
2015-06-04 10:55:25.781:INFO:oejsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.e.j.w.WebAppContext@3eb7fc54{/proxy,file:///tmp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-xref-proxy.war-_xref-proxy-any-3068657547009829038.dir/webapp/,AVAILABLE}{/xref-proxy.war}
2015-06-04 10:55:25.786:INFO:oejsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.e.j.s.h.MovedContextHandler@59662a0b{/oldContextPath,null,AVAILABLE}
2015-06-04 10:55:25.951:WARN::main: test webapp is deployed. DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION!
2015-06-04 10:55:26.248:INFO:oejsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.e.j.w.WebAppContext@4f83df68{/test,file:///tmp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-test.war-_test-any-5238659347611323540.dir/webapp/,AVAILABLE}{/test.war}
2015-06-04 10:55:26.255:INFO:oejs.ServerConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@5a9c4ad9{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:8080}
2015-06-04 10:55:26.259:INFO:oejus.SslContextFactory:main: x509={jetty.eclipse.org=jetty} wild={} alias=null for SslContextFactory@23941fb4(file:///opt/jetty-distribution-9.3.0.v20150601/demo-base/etc/keystore,file:///opt/jetty-distribution-9.3.0.v20150601/demo-base/etc/keystore)
2015-06-04 10:55:26.269:INFO:oejs.ServerConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@5d908d47{SSL,[ssl, http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:8443}
2015-06-04 10:55:26.270:INFO:oejs.Server:main: Started @2417ms</pre></div><p>You can visit this demo server by pointing a browser at <a class="link" href="http://localhost:8080" target="_top">http://localhost:8080</a>, which will now show a welcome page and several demo/test web applications.</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title"><i class="fa fa-exclamation-triangle" aria-hidden="true"></i> Warning</h3><p>The demonstration web applications are not necessarily secure and should not be deployed in production web servers.</p></div></blockquote></div><p>You can see the configuration of the demo-base by using the following commands:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">&gt; cd $JETTY_HOME/demo-base/
&gt; java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar --list-modules
...

&gt; java -jar %JETTY_HOME/start.jar --list-config
...</pre></div><pre class="literallayout">The `--list-modules` command will return a complete list of available and enabled modules for the server.
It will also display the location of the modules, how and in what order they are implemented, dependent modules, and associated jar files.
The `--list-config` command displays a trove of  information about the server including the Java and Jetty environments, the configuration order, any JVM arguments or System Properties set, general server properties, a full listing of the Jetty server class path, and active Jetty XML files.</pre></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="creating-jetty-base"></a>Creating a new Jetty Base</h3></div></div></div><p>The <code class="literal">demo-base</code> directory described above is an example of the <a class="link" href="startup-base-and-home.html" title="Managing Jetty Base and Jetty Home">jetty.base</a> mechanism added in Jetty 9.1.
A Jetty base directory allows the configuration and web applications of a server instance to be stored separately from the Jetty distribution, so that upgrades can be done with minimal disruption.
Jetty&#8217;s default configuration is based on two properties:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">jetty.home</span></dt><dd>The property that defines the location of the jetty distribution, its libs, default modules and default XML files (typically start.jar, lib, etc)</dd><dt><span class="term">jetty.base</span></dt><dd>The property that defines the location of a specific instance of a jetty server, its configuration, logs and web applications (typically start.ini, start.d, logs and webapps)</dd></dl></div><p>The <code class="literal">jetty.home</code> and <code class="literal">jetty.base</code> properties may be explicitly set on the command line, or they can be inferred from the environment if used with commands like:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">&gt; cd $JETTY_BASE
&gt; java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar</pre></div><p>The following commands create a new base directory, enables both the HTTP connector and the web application deployer modules, and copies a demo webapp to be deployed:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">&gt; JETTY_BASE=/tmp/mybase
&gt; mkdir $JETTY_BASE
&gt; cd $JETTY_BASE
&gt; java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar

WARNING: Nothing to start, exiting ...

Usage: java -jar start.jar [options] [properties] [configs]
       java -jar start.jar --help  # for more information

&gt; java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar --add-to-startd=http,deploy

INFO: server          initialised (transitively) in ${jetty.base}/start.d/server.ini
INFO: http            initialised in ${jetty.base}/start.d/http.ini
INFO: security        initialised (transitively) in ${jetty.base}/start.d/security.ini
INFO: servlet         initialised (transitively) in ${jetty.base}/start.d/servlet.ini
INFO: webapp          initialised (transitively) in ${jetty.base}/start.d/webapp.ini
INFO: deploy          initialised in ${jetty.base}/start.d/deploy.ini
MKDIR: ${jetty.base}/webapps
INFO: Base directory was modified

&gt; cp $JETTY_HOME/demo-base/webapps/async-rest.war webapps/ROOT.war
&gt; java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar

2015-06-04 11:10:16.286:INFO::main: Logging initialized @274ms
2015-06-04 11:10:16.440:INFO:oejs.Server:main: jetty-9.3.0.v20150601
2015-06-04 11:10:16.460:INFO:oejdp.ScanningAppProvider:main: Deployment monitor [file:///tmp/mybase/webapps/] at interval 1
2015-06-04 11:10:16.581:WARN::main: async-rest webapp is deployed. DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION!
2015-06-04 11:10:16.589:INFO:oejw.StandardDescriptorProcessor:main: NO JSP Support for /, did not find org.eclipse.jetty.jsp.JettyJspServlet
2015-06-04 11:10:16.628:INFO:oejsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.e.j.w.WebAppContext@1a407d53{/,[file:///tmp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-ROOT.war-_-any-4510228025526425427.dir/webapp/, jar:file:///tmp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-ROOT.war-_-any-4510228025526425427.dir/webapp/WEB-INF/lib/example-async-rest-jar-9.3.0.v20150601.jar!/META-INF/resources],AVAILABLE}{/ROOT.war}
2015-06-04 11:10:16.645:INFO:oejs.ServerConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@3abbfa04{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:8080}
2015-06-04 11:10:16.646:INFO:oejs.Server:main: Started @634ms</pre></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="quickstart-changing-jetty-port"></a>Changing the Jetty Port</h3></div></div></div><p>You can configure Jetty to run on a different port by setting the <code class="literal">jetty.http.port</code> Property on the command line:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">&gt; cd $JETTY_BASE
&gt; java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar jetty.http.port=8081
...</pre></div><p>Alternatively, property values can be added to the effective command line built from either the <code class="literal">start.ini</code> file or <code class="literal">start.d/http.ini</code> files.
By default, the Jetty distribution defines the <code class="literal">jetty.http.port</code> property in the <code class="literal">start.d/http.ini</code> file, which may be edited to set another value.</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title"><i class="fa fa-asterisk" aria-hidden="true"></i> Note</h3><p>The configuration by properties works via the following chain:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">The start.d/http.ini file is part of the effective command line and contains the --module=http argument which activates the http module.</li><li class="listitem">The modules/http.mod file defines the http module which specifies the etc/jetty-http.xml configuration file and the template ini properties it uses.</li><li class="listitem">The jetty.http.port property is used by the Property XML element in etc/jetty.http.xml to inject the ServerConnector instance with the port.</li></ul></div><p>For more information see the <a class="link" href="quick-start-configure.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;3.&nbsp;An Introduction to Jetty Configuration">Quickstart Configuration Guide</a> and <a class="link" href="configuring-connectors.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;6.&nbsp;Configuring Jetty Connectors">Configuring Connectors</a>.</p></div></blockquote></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="quickstart-starting-https"></a>Adding SSL for HTTPS &amp; HTTP2</h3></div></div></div><p>To add HTTPS and HTTP2 connectors to a Jetty configuration, the modules can be activated by the following command:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">&gt; java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar --add-to-startd=https,http2
[...]

&gt; java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar
[...]

2015-06-04 13:52:01.933:INFO:oejs.ServerConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@6f1fba17{SSL,[ssl, alpn, h2, http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:8443}
[...]</pre></div><p>The <code class="literal">--add-to-startd</code> command sets up the effective command line in the ini files to run an ssl connection that supports the HTTPS and HTTP2 protocols as follows:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">creates <code class="literal">start.d/ssl.ini</code> that configures an SSL connector (eg port, keystore etc.) by adding <code class="literal">etc/jetty-ssl.xml</code> and <code class="literal">etc/jetty-ssl-context.xml</code> to the effective command line.</li><li class="listitem">creates <code class="literal">start.d/alpn.ini</code> that configures protocol negotiation on the SSL connector by adding <code class="literal">etc/jetty-alpn.xml</code> to the effective command line.</li><li class="listitem">creates <code class="literal">start.d/https.ini</code> that configures the HTTPS protocol on the SSL connector by adding <code class="literal">etc/jetty-https.xml</code> to the effective command line.</li><li class="listitem">creates <code class="literal">start.d/http2.ini</code> that configures the HTTP/2 protocol on the SSL connector by adding <code class="literal">etc/jetty-http2.xml</code> to the effective command line.</li><li class="listitem">checks for the existence of a <code class="literal">etc/keystore</code> file and if not present, downloads a demonstration keystore file.</li></ul></div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title"><i class="fa fa-asterisk" aria-hidden="true"></i> Note</h3><p>If a single <code class="literal">start.ini</code> file is preferred over individual <code class="literal">start.d/*.ini</code> files, then the option --add-to-start=module may be used to append the module activation to the start.ini file rather than create a file in start.d</p></div></blockquote></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="quickstart-changing-https-port"></a>Changing the Jetty HTTPS Port</h4></div></div></div><p>You can configure the SSL connector to run on a different port by setting the <code class="literal">jetty.ssl.port</code> property on the command line:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">&gt; cd $JETTY_BASE
&gt; java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar jetty.ssl.port=8444</pre></div><p>Alternatively, property values can be added to the effective command line built from the <code class="literal">start.ini</code> file and <code class="literal">start.d/*.ini</code> files.
If you used the <code class="literal">--add-to-startd</code> command to enable HTTPS , then you can edit this property in the <code class="literal">start.d/https.ini</code> file.
If you used <code class="literal">--add-to-start</code> command, then you can edit this property in the <code class="literal">start.ini</code> file.</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="_more_start_jar_options"></a>More start.jar options</h3></div></div></div><p>The job of the <code class="literal">start.jar</code> is to interpret the command line, <code class="literal">start.ini</code> and <code class="literal">start.d</code> directory (and associated .ini files) to build a Java classpath and list of properties and configuration files to pass to the main class of the Jetty XML configuration mechanism.
The <code class="literal">start.jar</code> mechanism has many options which are documented in the <a class="xref" href="startup.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;9.&nbsp;Starting Jetty">Chapter&nbsp;9, <i>Starting Jetty</i></a> administration section and you can see them in summary by using the command:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">&gt; java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar --help</pre></div></div></div><script type="text/javascript">
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