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   <title>Authentication</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/docbook.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"><meta name="keywords" content="jetty, servlet, servlet-api, cometd, http, websocket, eclipse, maven, java, server, software"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Jetty"><link rel="up" href="configuring-security.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;7.&nbsp;Configuring Security"><link rel="prev" href="configuring-security.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;7.&nbsp;Configuring Security"><link rel="next" href="configuring-form-size.html" title="Limiting Form Content"><link xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" rel="shortcut icon" href="images/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="css/highlighter/foundation.css"><script src="js/highlight.pack.js"></script><script>
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            Version: 9.3.28.v20191105</span></td><td style="width: 50%"></td></tr></table><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Authentication</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="configuring-security.html"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></i> Previous</a>&nbsp;</td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter&nbsp;7.&nbsp;Configuring Security<br><a accesskey="p" href="index.html"><i class="fa fa-home" aria-hidden="true"></i> Home</a></th><td width="20%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="configuring-form-size.html">Next <i class="fa fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="jetty-callout"><h5 class="callout"><a href="http://www.webtide.com/">Contact the core Jetty developers at
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      </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="configuring-security-authentication"></a>Authentication</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-security-authentication.html#_configuring_an_authentication_mechanism">Configuring an Authentication mechanism</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-security-authentication.html#security-realms">Security Realms</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-security-authentication.html#_scoping_security_realms">Scoping Security Realms</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-security-authentication.html#configuring-login-service">Configuring a LoginService</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-security-authentication.html#_authorization">Authorization</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>There are two aspects to securing a web application(or context) within the Jetty server:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">Authentication</span></dt><dd>The web application can be configured with a mechanism to determine the identity of the user.
This is configured by a mix of standard declarations and jetty specific mechanisms and is covered in this section.</dd><dt><span class="term">Authorization</span></dt><dd>Once the identify of the user is known (or not known), the web application can be configured via standard descriptors with security constraints that declare what resources that user may access.</dd></dl></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="_configuring_an_authentication_mechanism"></a>Configuring an Authentication mechanism</h3></div></div></div><p>The jetty server supports several standard authentication mechanisms: <a class="link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication" target="_top">BASIC</a>; <a class="link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digest_authentication" target="_top">DIGEST</a>; <a class="link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form-based_authentication" target="_top">FORM</a>; CLIENT-CERT; and other mechanisms can be plugged in using the extensible <a class="link" href="http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19462-01/819-6717/gcszc/index.html" target="_top">JASPI</a> or <a class="link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPNEGO" target="_top">SPNEGO</a> mechanisms.</p><p>Internally, configuring an authentication mechanism is done by setting an instance of a the <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.3.28.v20191105/org/eclipse/jetty/security/Authenticator.html" target="_top">Authenticator</a> interface onto the <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.3.28.v20191105/org/eclipse/jetty/security/SecurityHandler.html" target="_top">SecurityHandler</a> of the context, but in most cases it is done by declaring a <code class="literal">&lt;    login-config&gt;</code> element in the standard web.xml descriptor or via annotations.</p><p>Below is an example taken from the <a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.3.x/tests/test-webapps/test-jetty-webapp/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml?h=release-9" target="_top">jetty-test-webapp web.xml</a> that configures BASIC authentication:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>  &lt;login-config&gt;
    &lt;auth-method&gt;BASIC&lt;/auth-method&gt;
    &lt;realm-name&gt;Test Realm&lt;/realm-name&gt;
  &lt;/login-config&gt;</code></pre><p>The <a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.3.x/tests/test-webapps/test-jetty-webapp/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml?h=release-9" target="_top">jetty-test-webapp web.xml</a> also includes commented out examples of other DIGEST and FORM configuration:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>  &lt;login-config&gt;
    &lt;auth-method&gt;FORM&lt;/auth-method&gt;
    &lt;realm-name&gt;Test Realm&lt;/realm-name&gt;
    &lt;form-login-config&gt;
       &lt;form-login-page&gt;/logon.html?param=test&lt;/form-login-page&gt;
       &lt;form-error-page&gt;/logonError.html?param=test&lt;/form-error-page&gt;
    &lt;/form-login-config&gt;
  &lt;/login-config&gt;</code></pre><p>With FORM Authentication, you must also configure URLs of pages to generate a login form and handle errors.
Below is a simple HTML form from the <a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.3.x/tests/test-webapps/test-jetty-webapp/src/main/webapp/logon.html?h=release-9" target="_top">test webapp logon.html</a>:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;HTML&gt;
&lt;H1&gt;FORM Authentication demo&lt;/H1&gt;
&lt;form method="POST" action="j_security_check"&gt;
&lt;table border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="1"&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;Username:&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;&lt;input size="12" value="" name="j_username" maxlength="25" type="text"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;Password:&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;&lt;input size="12" value="" name="j_password" maxlength="25" type="password"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td colspan="2" align="center"&gt;
    &lt;input name="submit" type="submit" value="Login"&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;
&lt;/HTML&gt;</code></pre><p>The Authentication mechanism declared for a context / web application defines how the server obtain authentication credentials from the
client, but it does not define how the server checks if those credentials are valid.
To check credentials, the server and/or context also need to be configured with a <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.3.28.v20191105/org/eclipse/jetty/security/LoginService.html" target="_top">LoginService</a> instance, which may be matched by the declared realm-name.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="security-realms"></a>Security Realms</h3></div></div></div><p>Security realms allow you to secure your web applications against unauthorized access.
Protection is based on authentication that identifies who is requesting access to the webapp and access control that restricts what can be accessed and how it is accessed within the webapp.</p><p>A webapp statically declares its security requirements in its web.xml file.
Authentication is controlled by the <code class="literal">&lt;login-config&gt;</code> element.
Access controls are specified by <code class="literal">&lt;security-constraint&gt;</code> and <code class="literal">&lt;security-role-ref&gt;</code> elements.
When a request is received for a protected resource, the web container checks if the user performing the request is authenticated, and if the user has a role assignment that permits access to the requested resource.</p><p>The Servlet Specification does not address how the static security information in the <code class="literal">WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file is mapped to the runtime environment of the container.
For Jetty, the <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.3.28.v20191105/org/eclipse/jetty/security/LoginService.html" target="_top">LoginService</a> performs this function.</p><p>A LoginService has a unique name, and gives access to information about a set of users.
Each user has authentication information (e.g. a password) and a set of roles associated with him/herself.</p><p>You may configure one or many different LoginServices depending on your needs.
A single realm would indicate that you wish to share common security information across all of your web applications.
Distinct realms allow you to partition your security information webapp by webapp.</p><p>When a request to a web application requires authentication or authorization, Jetty will use the <code class="literal">&lt;realm-name&gt;</code> sub-element inside <code class="literal">&lt;login-config&gt;</code> element in the web.xml file to perform an <span class="emphasis"><em>exact match</em></span> to a LoginService.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="_scoping_security_realms"></a>Scoping Security Realms</h3></div></div></div><p>A LoginService has a unique name, and is composed of a set of users. Each user has authentication information (for example, a password) and a set of roles associated with him/herself.
You can configure one or many different realms depending on your needs.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">Configure a single LoginService to share common security information across all of your web applications.</li><li class="listitem">Configure distinct LoginServices to partition your security information webapp by webapp.</li></ul></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="_globally_scoped"></a>Globally Scoped</h4></div></div></div><p>A LoginService is available to all web applications on a Server instance if you add it as a bean to the Server.
Such a definition would go into an xml file in your <code class="literal">${jetty.base}/etc</code> directory, e.g. <code class="literal">${jetty.base}/etc/my-realm.xml</code> and you would add this xml file to the execution path via <code class="literal">start.ini</code> or <code class="literal">start.d</code> (you may want to review the material in the <a class="link" href="startup.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;9.&nbsp;Starting Jetty">Starting Jetty</a> chapter).
Here&#8217;s an example of an xml file that defines an in-memory type of LoginService called the <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.3.28.v20191105/org/eclipse/jetty/security/HashLoginService.html" target="_top">HashLoginService</a>:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;Configure id="Server" class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server"&gt;
  &lt;Call name="addBean"&gt;
    &lt;Arg&gt;
      &lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.security.HashLoginService"&gt;
        &lt;Set name="name"&gt;Test Realm&lt;/Set&gt;
        &lt;Set name="config"&gt;&lt;SystemProperty name="jetty.home" default="."/&gt;/etc/realm.properties&lt;/Set&gt;
        &lt;Set name="refreshInterval"&gt;0&lt;/Set&gt;
      &lt;/New&gt;
    &lt;/Arg&gt;
  &lt;/Call&gt;
&lt;/Configure&gt;</code></pre><p>If you define more than one LoginService on a Server, you will need to specify which one you want used for each context.
You can do that by telling the context the name of the LoginService, or passing it the LoginService instance.
Here&#8217;s an example of doing both of these, using a <a class="link" href="configuring-specific-webapp-deployment.html#deployable-descriptor-file" title="Jetty Deployable Descriptor XML File">context xml file</a>:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;Configure class="org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext"&gt;
 &lt;Get name="securityHandler"&gt;
   &lt;!-- Either: --&gt;
   &lt;Set name="loginService"&gt;
     &lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.security.HashLoginService"&gt;
           &lt;Set name="name"&gt;Test Realm&lt;/Set&gt;
     &lt;/New&gt;
   &lt;/Set&gt;

   &lt;!-- or if you defined a LoginService called "Test Realm" in jetty.xml : --&gt;
   &lt;Set name="realmName"&gt;Test Realm&lt;/Set&gt;

 &lt;/Get&gt;</code></pre></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="_per_webapp_scoped"></a>Per-Webapp Scoped</h4></div></div></div><p>Alternatively, you can define a LoginService for just a single web application.
Here&#8217;s how to define the same HashLoginService, but inside a <a class="link" href="configuring-specific-webapp-deployment.html#deployable-descriptor-file" title="Jetty Deployable Descriptor XML File">context xml file</a>:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;Configure class="org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext"&gt;
  &lt;Set name="contextPath"&gt;/test&lt;/Set&gt;
  &lt;Set name="war"&gt;&lt;SystemProperty name="jetty.home" default="."/&gt;/webapps/test&lt;/Set&gt;
  &lt;Get name="securityHandler"&gt;
    &lt;Set name="loginService"&gt;
      &lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.security.HashLoginService"&gt;
            &lt;Set name="name"&gt;Test Realm&lt;/Set&gt;
            &lt;Set name="config"&gt;&lt;SystemProperty name="jetty.home" default="."/&gt;/etc/realm.properties&lt;/Set&gt;
      &lt;/New&gt;
    &lt;/Set&gt;
  &lt;/Get&gt;
&lt;/Configure&gt;</code></pre><p>Jetty provides a number of different LoginService types which can be seen in the next section.</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="configuring-login-service"></a>Configuring a LoginService</h3></div></div></div><p>A <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.3.28.v20191105/org/eclipse/jetty/security/LoginService.html" target="_top">LoginService</a> instance is required by each context/webapp that has a authentication mechanism, which is used to check the validity of the username and credentials collected by the authentication mechanism. Jetty provides the following implementations of LoginService:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.3.28.v20191105/org/eclipse/jetty/security/HashLoginService.html" target="_top">HashLoginService</a></span></dt><dd>A user realm that is backed by a hash map that is filled either programatically or from a Java properties file.</dd><dt><span class="term"><a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.3.28.v20191105/org/eclipse/jetty/security/JDBCLoginService.html" target="_top">JDBCLoginService</a></span></dt><dd>Uses a JDBC connection to an SQL database for authentication</dd><dt><span class="term"><a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.3.28.v20191105/org/eclipse/jetty/plus/security/DataSourceLoginService.html" target="_top">DataSourceLoginService</a></span></dt><dd>Uses a JNDI defined   <a class="link" href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/javax/sql/DataSource.html" target="_top">DataSource</a> for authentication</dd><dt><span class="term"><a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.3.28.v20191105/org/eclipse/jetty/jaas/JAASLoginService.html" target="_top">JAASLoginService</a></span></dt><dd>Uses a <a class="link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Authentication_and_Authorization_Service" target="_top">JAAS</a> provider for authentication; see the section on
<a class="link" href="jaas-support.html" title="JAAS Support">JAAS support</a> for more information</dd><dt><span class="term"><a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.3.28.v20191105/org/eclipse/jetty/security/SpnegoLoginService.html" target="_top">SpnegoLoginService</a></span></dt><dd><a class="link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPNEGO" target="_top">SPNEGO</a> Authentication; see the section on <a class="link" href="spnego-support.html" title="Spnego Support">SPNEGO support</a> for more information.</dd></dl></div><p>An instance of a LoginService can be matched to a context/webapp by:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">A LoginService instance may be set directly on the SecurityHandler instance via embedded code or IoC XML</li><li class="listitem">Matching the realm-name defined in web.xml with the name of a LoginService instance that has been added to the Server instance as a dependent bean</li><li class="listitem">If only a single LoginService instance has been set on the Server then it is used as the login service for the context</li></ul></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="hash-login-service"></a>HashLoginService</h4></div></div></div><p>The HashLoginService is a simple and efficient login service that loads usernames, credentials and roles from a Java properties file in the format:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>username: password[,rolename ...]</code></pre><p>Where:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">username</span></dt><dd>is the user&#8217;s unique identity</dd><dt><span class="term">password</span></dt><dd>is the user&#8217;s (possibly obfuscated or MD5 encrypted) password;</dd><dt><span class="term">rolename</span></dt><dd>is a role of the user</dd></dl></div><p>For example:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>admin: CRYPT:ad1ks..kc.1Ug,server-administrator,content-administrator,admin
other: OBF:1xmk1w261u9r1w1c1xmq
guest: guest,read-only</code></pre><p>You configure the HashLoginService with a name and a reference to the location of the properties file:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;Item&gt;
&lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.security.HashLoginService"&gt;
  &lt;Set name="name"&gt;Test Realm&lt;/Set&gt;
  &lt;Set name="config"&gt;&lt;SystemProperty name="jetty.home" default="."/&gt;/etc/realm.properties&lt;/Set&gt;
&lt;/New&gt;
&lt;/Item&gt;</code></pre><p>You can also configure it to check the properties file regularly for changes and reload when changes are detected.
The <code class="literal">reloadInterval</code> is in seconds:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.security.HashLoginService"&gt;
    &lt;Set name="name"&gt;Test Realm&lt;/Set&gt;
    &lt;Set name="config"&gt;&lt;SystemProperty name="jetty.home" default="."/&gt;/etc/realm.properties&lt;/Set&gt;
    &lt;Set name="reloadInterval"&gt;5&lt;/Set&gt;
    &lt;Call name="start"&gt;&lt;/Call&gt;
  &lt;/New&gt;</code></pre></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="jdbc-login-service"></a>JDBCLoginService</h4></div></div></div><p>In this implementation, authentication and role information is stored in a database accessed via JDBC.
A properties file defines the JDBC connection and database table information.
Here is an example of a properties file for this realm implementation:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>jdbcdriver = org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
url = jdbc:mysql://localhost/jetty
username = jetty
password = jetty
usertable = users
usertablekey = id
usertableuserfield = username
usertablepasswordfield = pwd
roletable = roles
roletablekey = id
roletablerolefield = role
userroletable = user_roles
userroletableuserkey = user_id
userroletablerolekey = role_id
cachetime = 300</code></pre><p>The format of the database tables is (pseudo-sql):</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>users
(
  id integer PRIMARY KEY,
  username varchar(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE KEY,
  pwd varchar(50) NOT NULL
);
user_roles
(
  user_id integer NOT NULL,
  role_id integer NOT NULL,
  UNIQUE KEY (user_id, role_id),
  INDEX(user_id)
);
roles
(
  id integer PRIMARY KEY,
  role varchar(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE KEY
);</code></pre><p>Where:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p class="simpara"><span class="strong"><strong>users</strong></span> is a table containing one entry for every user consisting of:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">id</span></dt><dd>the unique identity of a user</dd><dt><span class="term">user</span></dt><dd>the name of the user</dd><dt><span class="term">pwd</span></dt><dd>the user&#8217;s password (possibily obfuscated or MD5 encrypted)</dd></dl></div></li><li class="listitem"><p class="simpara"><span class="strong"><strong>user-roles</strong></span> is a table containing one row for every role granted to a
user:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">user_id</span></dt><dd>the unique identity of the user</dd><dt><span class="term">role_id</span></dt><dd>the role for a user</dd></dl></div></li><li class="listitem"><p class="simpara"><span class="strong"><strong>roles</strong></span> is a a table containing one role for every role in the system:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">id</span></dt><dd>the unique identifier of a role</dd><dt><span class="term">role</span></dt><dd>a human-readable name for a role</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div><p>If you want to use obfuscated, MD5 hashed or encrypted passwords the <code class="literal">pwd</code> column of the <code class="literal">users</code> table must be large enough to hold the obfuscated, hashed or encrypted password text plus the appropriate prefix.</p><p>You define a <code class="literal">JDBCLoginService</code> with the name of the realm and the location of the properties file describing the database:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.security.JDBCLoginService"&gt;
  &lt;Set name="name"&gt;Test JDBC Realm&lt;/Set&gt;
  &lt;Set name="config"&gt;etc/jdbcRealm.properties&lt;/Set&gt;
&lt;/New&gt;</code></pre></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="_authorization"></a>Authorization</h3></div></div></div><p>As far as the <a class="link" href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr340/" target="_top">Servlet Specification</a> is concerned, authorization is based on roles.
As we have seen, a LoginService associates a user with a set of roles.
When a user requests a resource that is access protected, the LoginService will be asked to authenticate the user if they are not already, and then asked to confirm if that user possesses one of the roles permitted access to the resource.</p><p>Until Servlet 3.1, role-based authorization could define:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">access granted to a set of named roles</li><li class="listitem">access totally forbidden, regardless of role</li><li class="listitem">access granted to a user in any of the roles defined in the effective web.xml.
This is indicated by the special value of "*" for the <code class="literal">&lt;role-name&gt;</code> of a <code class="literal">&lt;auth-constraint&gt; `in the `&lt;security-constraint&gt;</code></li></ul></div><p>With the advent of Servlet 3.1, there is now another authorization:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">access granted to any user who is authenticated, regardless of roles.
This is indicated by the special value of "**" for the <code class="literal">&lt;role-name&gt;</code> of a <code class="literal">&lt;auth-constraint&gt;</code> in the <code class="literal">&lt;security-constraint&gt;</code></li></ul></div></div></div><script type="text/javascript">
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