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   <title>Chapter&nbsp;6.&nbsp;Configuring Jetty Connectors</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/docbook.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"><meta name="keywords" content="jetty, servlet, servlet-api, cometd, http, websocket, eclipse, maven, java, server, software"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Jetty"><link rel="up" href="jetty-config-guide.html" title="Part&nbsp;II.&nbsp;Jetty Configuration Guide"><link rel="prev" href="setting-form-size.html" title="Setting Max Form Size"><link rel="next" href="configuring-ssl.html" title="Configuring SSL/TLS"><link xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" rel="shortcut icon" href="images/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="css/highlighter/foundation.css"><script src="js/highlight.pack.js"></script><script>
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            Version: 9.4.28-SNAPSHOT</span></td><td style="width: 50%"></td></tr></table><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter&nbsp;6.&nbsp;Configuring Jetty Connectors</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="setting-form-size.html"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></i> Previous</a>&nbsp;</td><th width="60%" align="center">Part&nbsp;II.&nbsp;Jetty Configuration Guide<br><a accesskey="p" href="index.html"><i class="fa fa-home" aria-hidden="true"></i> Home</a></th><td width="20%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="configuring-ssl.html">Next <i class="fa fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="jetty-callout"><h5 class="callout"><a href="http://www.webtide.com/">Contact the core Jetty developers at
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      </p></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="configuring-connectors"></a>Chapter&nbsp;6.&nbsp;Configuring Jetty Connectors</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-connectors.html#jetty-connectors">Connector Configuration Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-ssl.html">Configuring SSL/TLS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="jetty-ssl-distribution.html">SSL in the Jetty Distribution</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>This chapter discusses various options for configuring Jetty connectors.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="jetty-connectors"></a>Connector Configuration Overview</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-connectors.html#_enabling_connectors">Enabling Connectors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-connectors.html#_limiting_connections">Limiting Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-connectors.html#_advanced_configuration">Advanced Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-connectors.html#_constructing_a_serverconnector">Constructing a ServerConnector</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-connectors.html#jetty-connectors-network-settings">Network Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-connectors.html#jetty-connectors-http-configuration">HTTP Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-connectors.html#_ssl_context_configuration">SSL Context Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-connectors.html#_proxy_load_balancer_connection_configuration">Proxy / Load Balancer Connection Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>Connectors are the mechanism through which Jetty accepts network connections for various protocols.
Configuring a connector is a combination of configuring the following:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">Network parameters on the connector itself (for example: the listening port).</li><li class="listitem">Services the connector uses (for example: executors, schedulers).</li><li class="listitem">Connection factories that instantiate and configure the protocol for an accepted connection.</li></ul></div><p>Typically connectors require very little configuration aside from setting the listening port, and enabling <code class="literal">X-Forwarded-For</code> customization when applicable.
Additional settings, including construction your own constructor Jetty XML files, are for expert configuration only.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="_enabling_connectors"></a>Enabling Connectors</h3></div></div></div><p>Out of the box, Jetty provides several <a class="link" href="startup-modules.html" title="Managing Startup Modules">modules</a> for enabling different types of connectors, from HTTP to HTTPS, HTTP/2, and others.
If you startup Jetty with the <code class="literal">--list-modules=connector</code> command, you can see a list of all available connector modules:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">[mybase]$ java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar --list-modules=connector

Available Modules:
==================
tags: [connector]

Modules for tag 'connector':
----------------------------

     Module: acceptratelimit
           : Enable a server wide accept rate limit
       Tags: connector
     Depend: server
        XML: etc/jetty-acceptratelimit.xml

     Module: connectionlimit
           : Enable a server wide connection limit
       Tags: connector
     Depend: server
        XML: etc/jetty-connectionlimit.xml

     Module: http
           : Enables a HTTP connector on the server.
           : By default HTTP/1 is support, but HTTP2C can
           : be added to the connector with the http2c module.
       Tags: connector, http
     Depend: server
        XML: etc/jetty-http.xml

     Module: http-forwarded
           : Adds a forwarded request customizer to the HTTP Connector
           : to process forwarded-for style headers from a proxy.
       Tags: connector
     Depend: http
        XML: etc/jetty-http-forwarded.xml

     Module: http2
           : Enables HTTP2 protocol support on the TLS(SSL) Connector,
           : using the ALPN extension to select which protocol to use.
       Tags: connector, http2, http, ssl
     Depend: ssl, alpn
        LIB: lib/http2/*.jar
        XML: etc/jetty-http2.xml

     Module: http2c
           : Enables the HTTP2C protocol on the HTTP Connector
           : The connector will accept both HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 connections.
       Tags: connector, http2, http
     Depend: http
        LIB: lib/http2/*.jar
        XML: etc/jetty-http2c.xml

     Module: https
           : Adds HTTPS protocol support to the TLS(SSL) Connector
       Tags: connector, https, http, ssl
     Depend: ssl
   Optional: http-forwarded, http2
        XML: etc/jetty-https.xml

     Module: proxy-protocol-ssl
           : Enables the Proxy Protocol on the TLS(SSL) Connector.
           : http://www.haproxy.org/download/1.5/doc/proxy-protocol.txt
           : This allows a Proxy operating in TCP mode to transport
           : details of the proxied connection to the server.
           : Both V1 and V2 versions of the protocol are supported.
       Tags: connector, ssl
     Depend: ssl
        XML: etc/jetty-proxy-protocol-ssl.xml

     Module: ssl
           : Enables a TLS(SSL) Connector on the server.
           : This may be used for HTTPS and/or HTTP2 by enabling
           : the associated support modules.
       Tags: connector, ssl
     Depend: server
        XML: etc/jetty-ssl.xml
        XML: etc/jetty-ssl-context.xml

     Module: unixsocket
           : Enables a Unix Domain Socket Connector that can receive
           : requests from a local proxy and/or SSL offloader (eg haproxy) in either
           : HTTP or TCP mode.  Unix Domain Sockets are more efficient than
           : localhost TCP/IP connections  as they reduce data copies, avoid
           : needless fragmentation and have better dispatch behaviours.
           : When enabled with corresponding support modules, the connector can
           : accept HTTP, HTTPS or HTTP2C traffic.
       Tags: connector
     Depend: server
        LIB: lib/jetty-unixsocket-${jetty.version}.jar
        LIB: lib/jnr/*.jar
        XML: etc/jetty-unixsocket.xml

     Module: unixsocket-forwarded
           : Adds a forwarded request customizer to the HTTP configuration used
           : by the Unix Domain Socket connector, for use when behind a proxy operating
           : in HTTP mode that adds forwarded-for style HTTP headers. Typically this
           : is an alternate to the Proxy Protocol used mostly for TCP mode.
       Tags: connector
     Depend: unixsocket-http
        XML: etc/jetty-unixsocket-forwarded.xml

     Module: unixsocket-http
           : Adds a HTTP protocol support to the Unix Domain Socket connector.
           : It should be used when a proxy is forwarding either HTTP or decrypted
           : HTTPS traffic to the connector and may be used with the
           : unix-socket-http2c modules to upgrade to HTTP/2.
       Tags: connector, http
     Depend: unixsocket
        XML: etc/jetty-unixsocket-http.xml

     Module: unixsocket-http2c
           : Adds a HTTP2C connetion factory to the Unix Domain Socket Connector
           : It can be used when either the proxy forwards direct
           : HTTP/2C (unecrypted) or decrypted HTTP/2 traffic.
       Tags: connector, http2
     Depend: unixsocket-http
        LIB: lib/http2/*.jar
        XML: etc/jetty-unixsocket-http2c.xml

     Module: unixsocket-proxy-protocol
           : Enables the proxy protocol on the Unix Domain Socket Connector
           : http://www.haproxy.org/download/1.5/doc/proxy-protocol.txt
           : This allows information about the proxied connection to be
           : efficiently forwarded as the connection is accepted.
           : Both V1 and V2 versions of the protocol are supported and any
           : SSL properties may be interpreted by the unixsocket-secure
           : module to indicate secure HTTPS traffic. Typically this
           : is an alternate to the forwarded module.
       Tags: connector
     Depend: unixsocket
        XML: etc/jetty-unixsocket-proxy-protocol.xml

     Module: unixsocket-secure
           : Enable a secure request customizer on the HTTP Configuration
           : used by the Unix Domain Socket Connector.
           : This looks for a secure scheme transported either by the
           : unixsocket-forwarded, unixsocket-proxy-protocol or in a
           : HTTP2 request.
       Tags: connector
     Depend: unixsocket-http
        XML: etc/jetty-unixsocket-secure.xml
...</pre></div><p>To enable a connector, simply activate the associated module.
Below is an example of activating both the <code class="literal">http</code> and <code class="literal">https</code> modules in a fresh <a class="link" href="startup-base-and-home.html" title="Managing Jetty Base and Jetty Home">Jetty base</a> using the <a class="link" href="startup-modules.html#start-vs-startd" title="Start.ini vs. Start.d">start.d directory</a>:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">[mybase] java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar --create-startd
MKDIR : ${jetty.base}/start.d
INFO  : Base directory was modified

[mybase] java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar --add-to-start=http,https
INFO  : server          transitively enabled, ini template available with --add-to-start=server
INFO  : http            initialized in ${jetty.base}/start.d/http.ini
INFO  : https           initialized in ${jetty.base}/start.d/https.ini
INFO  : ssl             transitively enabled, ini template available with --add-to-start=ssl
MKDIR : ${jetty.base}/etc
COPY  : ${jetty.home}/modules/ssl/keystore to ${jetty.base}/etc/keystore
INFO  : Base directory was modified
[mybase] tree
.
&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; etc
&#9474;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#9492;&#9472;&#9472; keystore
&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; start.d
    &#9500;&#9472;&#9472; http.ini
    &#9492;&#9472;&#9472; https.ini</pre></div><p>When the <code class="literal">http</code> and <code class="literal">https</code> modules were activated, so too were any modules they were dependent on, in this case <code class="literal">server</code> and <code class="literal">ssl</code>, as well as any dependencies for those modules, such as the <code class="literal">etc</code> and <code class="literal">ketystore</code> directories for <code class="literal">ssl</code>.</p><p>At this point the server has been configured with connectors for both HTTP and HTTPS and can be started:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">[mybase] java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar
2017-08-31 10:19:58.855:INFO::main: Logging initialized @372ms to org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.StdErrLog
2017-08-31 10:19:59.076:INFO:oejs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.6.v20170531
2017-08-31 10:19:59.125:INFO:oejs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@421e98e0{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:8080}
2017-08-31 10:19:59.150:INFO:oejus.SslContextFactory:main: x509=X509@5315b42e(jetty,h=[jetty.eclipse.org],w=[]) for SslContextFactory@2ef9b8bc(file:///Users/staff/installs/repository/jetty-distribution-9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/mybase/etc/keystore,file:///Users/staff/installs/repository/jetty-distribution-9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/mybase/etc/keystore)
2017-08-31 10:19:59.151:INFO:oejus.SslContextFactory:main: x509=X509@5d624da6(mykey,h=[],w=[]) for SslContextFactory@2ef9b8bc(file:///Users/staff/installs/repository/jetty-distribution-9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/mybase/etc/keystore,file:///Users/staff/installs/repository/jetty-distribution-9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/mybase/etc/keystore)
2017-08-31 10:19:59.273:INFO:oejs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@2b98378d{SSL,[ssl, http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:8443}
2017-08-31 10:19:59.274:INFO:oejs.Server:main: Started @791ms</pre></div><p>When modules are enabled, they are loaded with several default options.
These can be changed by editing the associated module ini file in the <code class="literal">start.d</code> directory (or the associated lines in <code class="literal">server.ini</code> if your implementation does not use <code class="literal">start.d</code>).
For example, if we examine the <code class="literal">http.ini</code> file in our <code class="literal">start.d</code> directory created above, we will see the following settings:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen"># ---------------------------------------
# Module: http
# Enables a HTTP connector on the server.
# By default HTTP/1 is support, but HTTP2C can
# be added to the connector with the http2c module.
# ---------------------------------------
--module=http

### HTTP Connector Configuration

## Connector host/address to bind to
# jetty.http.host=0.0.0.0

## Connector port to listen on
# jetty.http.port=8080

## Connector idle timeout in milliseconds
# jetty.http.idleTimeout=30000

## Number of acceptors (-1 picks default based on number of cores)
# jetty.http.acceptors=-1

## Number of selectors (-1 picks default based on number of cores)
# jetty.http.selectors=-1

## ServerSocketChannel backlog (0 picks platform default)
# jetty.http.acceptorQueueSize=0

## Thread priority delta to give to acceptor threads
# jetty.http.acceptorPriorityDelta=0

## HTTP Compliance: RFC7230, RFC2616, LEGACY
# jetty.http.compliance=RFC7230</pre></div><p>To make a change to these settings, uncomment the line (by removing the #) and change the property to the desired value.
For example, if you wanted to change the HTTP port to 5231, you would edit the line as follows:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">...
## Connector port to listen on
jetty.http.port=5231
...</pre></div><p>Now when the server is started, HTTP connections will enter on port 5231:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">[mybase] java -jar ../start.jar
2017-08-31 10:31:32.955:INFO::main: Logging initialized @366ms to org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.StdErrLog
2017-08-31 10:31:33.109:INFO:oejs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.6.v20170531
2017-08-31 10:31:33.146:INFO:oejs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@2ef9b8bc{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:5231}
...
2017-08-31 10:31:33.263:INFO:oejs.Server:main: Started @675ms</pre></div><p>Every module has their own set of configuration options, and reviewing them all is recommended.
For additional information on the module system, please refer to our documentation on <a class="link" href="startup-modules.html" title="Managing Startup Modules">Startup Modules</a>.</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title"><i class="fa fa-asterisk" aria-hidden="true"></i> Note</h3><p>Editing these module files is the recommended way to edit the configuration of your server.
Making changes to the associated Jetty XML file for connectors is <span class="strong"><strong>not</strong></span> recommended, and is for advanced users only.
If you do wish to edit Jetty XML, please see our section on managing Jetty Home and Jetty Base to ensure your Jetty Home remains a standard of truth for your implementation.</p></div></blockquote></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="_limiting_connections"></a>Limiting Connections</h3></div></div></div><p>Jetty also provides the means by which to limit connections to the server and/or contexts.
This is provided by two different modules in the distribution.</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">connectionlimit</code></span></dt><dd>Applies a limit to the number of connections.
If this limit is exceeded, new connections are suspended for the time specified (in milliseconds).</dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">acceptratelimit</code></span></dt><dd>Limits the rate at which new connections are accepted.
If this limit is exceeded, new connections are suspended for the time specified (in milliseconds).</dd></dl></div><p>As with the modules listed above, these can be enabled by adding <code class="literal">--add-to-start=&lt;module-name&gt;</code> to the command line.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="_advanced_configuration"></a>Advanced Configuration</h3></div></div></div><p>Jetty primarily uses a single connector type called <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ServerConnector.html" target="_top">ServerConnector</a>.</p><p>Prior to Jetty 9, the type of the connector specified both the protocol and the implementation used; for example, selector-based non blocking I/O vs blocking I/O, or SSL connector vs non-SSL connector.
Jetty 9 has a single selector-based non-blocking I/O connector, and a collection of <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ConnectionFactory.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ConnectionFactories</code></a> now configure the protocol on the connector.</p><p>The standard Jetty distribution comes with the following Jetty XML files that create and configure connectors; you should examine them as you read this section:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.4.x/jetty-server/src/main/config/etc/jetty-http.xml" target="_top"><code class="literal">jetty-http.xml</code></a></span></dt><dd>Instantiates a <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ServerConnector.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ServerConnector</code></a> that accepts HTTP connections (that may be upgraded to WebSocket connections).</dd><dt><span class="term"><a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.4.x/jetty-server/src/main/config/etc/jetty-ssl.xml" target="_top"><code class="literal">jetty-ssl.xml</code></a></span></dt><dd>Instantiates a <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ServerConnector.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ServerConnector</code></a> that accepts SSL/TLS connections.
On it&#8217;s own, this connector is not functional and requires one or more of the following files to also be configured to add  <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ConnectionFactory.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ConnectionFactories</code></a> to make the connector functional.</dd><dt><span class="term"><a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.4.x/jetty-server/src/main/config/etc/jetty-https.xml" target="_top"><code class="literal">jetty-https.xml</code></a></span></dt><dd>Adds a <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/HttpConnectionFactory.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">HttpConnectionFactory</code></a> to the <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ServerConnector.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ServerConnector</code></a>  configured by <code class="literal">jetty-ssl.xml</code> which combine to provide support for HTTPS.</dd><dt><span class="term"><a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.4.x/jetty-server/src/main/config/etc/jetty-http-forwarded.xml" target="_top"><code class="literal">jetty-http-forwarded.xml</code></a></span></dt><dd>Adds a <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ForwardedRequestCustomizer.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ForwardedRequestCustomizer</code></a>to the HTTP Connector to process forwarded-for style headers from a proxy.</dd><dt><span class="term"><a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.4.x/jetty-http2/http2-server/src/main/config/etc/jetty-http2.xml" target="_top"><code class="literal">jetty-http2.xml</code></a></span></dt><dd>Adds a <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/http2/server/HTTP2ServerConnectionFactory.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">Http2ServerConnectionFactory</code></a> to the  <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ServerConnector.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ServerConnector</code></a> configured by <code class="literal">jetty-ssl.xml</code> to support the http2 protocol.</dd><dt><span class="term"><a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.4.x/jetty-alpn/jetty-alpn-server/src/main/config/etc/jetty-alpn.xml" target="_top"><code class="literal">jetty-alpn.xml</code></a></span></dt><dd>Adds an <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/alpn/server/ALPNServerConnectionFactory.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ALPNServerConnectionFactory</code></a> to the <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ServerConnector.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ServerConnector</code></a> configured by <code class="literal">jetty-ssl.xml</code> which allows the one SSL connector to support multiple protocols with the ALPN extension used to select the protocol to be used for each connection.</dd></dl></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="_constructing_a_serverconnector"></a>Constructing a ServerConnector</h3></div></div></div><p>The services a <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ServerConnector.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ServerConnector</code></a> instance uses are set by constructor injection and once instantiated cannot be changed.
Many of the services may be defaulted with null or 0 values so that a reasonable default is used, thus for most purposes only the Server and the connection factories need to be passed to the connector constructor. In Jetty XML (that is, in <a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.4.x/jetty-server/src/main/config/etc/jetty-http.xml" target="_top"><code class="literal">jetty-http.xml</code></a>) you can do this by:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.ServerConnector"&gt;
  &lt;Arg name="server"&gt;&lt;Ref refid="Server" /&gt;&lt;/Arg&gt;
  &lt;Arg name="factories"&gt;
    &lt;Array type="org.eclipse.jetty.server.ConnectionFactory"&gt;
      &lt;!-- insert one or more factories here --&gt;
    &lt;/Array&gt;
  &lt;/Arg&gt;
  &lt;!-- set connector fields here --&gt;
&lt;/New&gt;</code></pre><p>You can see the other arguments that can be passed when constructing a <code class="literal">ServerConnector</code> in the <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ServerConnector.html#ServerConnector%28org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server,%20java.util.concurrent.Executor,%20org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.Scheduler,%20org.eclipse.jetty.io.ByteBufferPool,%20int,%20int,%20org.eclipse.jetty.server.ConnectionFactory%E2%80%A6%E2%80%8B%29" target="_top">Javadoc</a>.
Typically the defaults are sufficient for almost all deployments.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="jetty-connectors-network-settings"></a>Network Settings</h3></div></div></div><p>You can configure connector network settings by calling setters on the connector before it is started.
For example, you can set the port with the Jetty XML:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.ServerConnector"&gt;
  &lt;Arg name="server"&gt;&lt;Ref refid="Server" /&gt;&lt;/Arg&gt;
  &lt;Arg name="factories"&gt;&lt;!-- insert one or more factories here --&gt;&lt;/Arg&gt;

  &lt;Set name="port"&gt;8080&lt;/Set&gt;
&lt;/New&gt;</code></pre><p>Values in Jetty XML can also be parameterized so that they may be passed from property files or set on the command line.
Thus typically the port is set within Jetty XML, but uses the <code class="literal">Property</code> element to be customizable:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.ServerConnector"&gt;
  &lt;Arg name="server"&gt;&lt;Ref refid="Server" /&gt;&lt;/Arg&gt;
  &lt;Arg name="factories"&gt;&lt;!-- insert one or more factories here --&gt;&lt;/Arg&gt;

  &lt;Set name="port"&gt;&lt;Property name="jetty.http.port" default="8080"/&gt;&lt;/Set&gt;
&lt;/New&gt;</code></pre><p>The network settings available for configuration on the <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ServerConnector.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ServerConnector</code></a> include:</p><div class="table"><a name="d0e5443"></a><p class="title"><b>Table&nbsp;6.1.&nbsp;Connector Configuration</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Connector Configuration" border="1" width="100%"><colgroup><col class="col_1"><col class="col_2"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="top">Field</th><th align="left" valign="top">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>host</p></td><td align="left" valign="top"><p>The network interface this connector binds to as an IP address or a hostname.
If null or 0.0.0.0, bind to all interfaces.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>port</p></td><td align="left" valign="top"><p>The configured port for the connector or 0 a random available port may be used (selected port available via <code class="literal">getLocalPort()</code>).</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>idleTimeout</p></td><td align="left" valign="top"><p>The time in milliseconds that the connection can be idle before it is closed.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>defaultProtocol</p></td><td align="left" valign="top"><p>The name of the default protocol used to select a <code class="literal">ConnectionFactory</code> instance. This defaults to the first <code class="literal">ConnectionFactory</code> added to the connector.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>stopTimeout</p></td><td align="left" valign="top"><p>The time in milliseconds to wait before gently stopping a connector.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>acceptQueueSize</p></td><td align="left" valign="top"><p>The size of the pending connection backlog.
The exact interpretation is JVM and operating system specific and you can ignore it.
Higher values allow more connections to wait pending an acceptor thread.
Because the exact interpretation is deployment dependent, it is best to keep this value as the default unless there is a specific connection issue for a specific OS that you need to address.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>reuseAddress</p></td><td align="left" valign="top"><p>Allow the server socket to be rebound even if in <a class="link" href="http://www.ssfnet.org/Exchange/tcp/tcpTutorialNotes.html" target="_top">TIME_WAIT</a>.
For servers it is typically OK to leave this as the default true.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="jetty-connectors-http-configuration"></a>HTTP Configuration</h3></div></div></div><p>The <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/HttpConfiguration.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">HttpConfiguration</code></a> class holds the configuration for <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/HttpChannel.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">HttpChannel</code></a>s, which you can create 1:1 with each HTTP connection or 1:n on a multiplexed HTTP/2 connection.
Thus a <code class="literal">HttpConfiguration</code> object is injected into both the HTTP and HTTP/2 connection factories.
To avoid duplicate configuration, the standard Jetty distribution creates the common <code class="literal">HttpConfiguration</code> instance in <a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.4.x/jetty-server/src/main/config/etc/jetty.xml" target="_top"><code class="literal">jetty.xml</code></a>, which is a <code class="literal">Ref</code> element then used in <a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.4.x/jetty-server/src/main/config/etc/jetty-http.xml" target="_top"><code class="literal">jetty-http.xml</code></a>, <a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.4.x/jetty-server/src/main/config/etc/jetty-https.xml" target="_top"><code class="literal">jetty-https.xml</code></a> and in <a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.4.x/jetty-http2/http2-server/src/main/config/etc/jetty-http2.xml" target="_top"><code class="literal">jetty-http2.xml</code></a>.</p><p>A typical configuration of <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/HttpConfiguration.html" target="_top">HttpConfiguration</a> is:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;New id="httpConfig" class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConfiguration"&gt;
  &lt;Set name="secureScheme"&gt;https&lt;/Set&gt;
  &lt;Set name="securePort"&gt;&lt;Property name="jetty.ssl.port" default="8443" /&gt;&lt;/Set&gt;
  &lt;Set name="outputBufferSize"&gt;32768&lt;/Set&gt;
  &lt;Set name="requestHeaderSize"&gt;8192&lt;/Set&gt;
  &lt;Set name="responseHeaderSize"&gt;8192&lt;/Set&gt;
&lt;/New&gt;</code></pre><p>This example HttpConfiguration may be used by reference to the ID "<code class="literal">httpConfig</code>":</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;Call name="addConnector"&gt;
  &lt;Arg&gt;
    &lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.ServerConnector"&gt;
      &lt;Arg name="server"&gt;&lt;Ref refid="Server" /&gt;&lt;/Arg&gt;
      &lt;Arg name="factories"&gt;
        &lt;Array type="org.eclipse.jetty.server.ConnectionFactory"&gt;
          &lt;Item&gt;
            &lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnectionFactory"&gt;
              &lt;Arg name="config"&gt;&lt;Ref refid="httpConfig" /&gt;&lt;/Arg&gt;
            &lt;/New&gt;
          &lt;/Item&gt;
        &lt;/Array&gt;
      &lt;/Arg&gt;
      &lt;!-- ... --&gt;
    &lt;/New&gt;
  &lt;/Arg&gt;
&lt;/Call&gt;</code></pre><p>This same <code class="literal">httpConfig</code> is referenced by the <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/SecuredRedirectHandler.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">SecuredRedirectHandler</code></a> when redirecting secure requests.
Please note that if your <code class="literal">httpConfig</code> does not include a <code class="literal">secureScheme</code> or <code class="literal">securePort</code> or there is no <code class="literal">HttpConfiguration</code> present these types of secured requests will be returned a <code class="literal">403</code> error.</p><p>For SSL-based connectors (in <code class="literal">jetty-https.xml</code> and <code class="literal">jetty-http2.xml</code>), the common "<code class="literal">httpConfig</code>" instance is used as the basis to create an SSL specific configuration with ID "<code class="literal">sslHttpConfig</code>":</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;New id="sslHttpConfig" class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConfiguration"&gt;
  &lt;Arg&gt;&lt;Ref refid="httpConfig"/&gt;&lt;/Arg&gt;
  &lt;Call name="addCustomizer"&gt;
    &lt;Arg&gt;&lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.SecureRequestCustomizer"/&gt;&lt;/Arg&gt;
  &lt;/Call&gt;
&lt;/New&gt;</code></pre><p>This adds a <code class="literal">SecureRequestCustomizer</code> which adds SSL Session IDs and certificate information as request attributes.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="_ssl_context_configuration"></a>SSL Context Configuration</h3></div></div></div><p>The SSL/TLS connectors for HTTPS and HTTP/2 require a certificate to establish a secure connection.
Jetty holds certificates in standard JVM keystores and are configured as keystore and truststores on a <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/util/ssl/SslContextFactory.Server.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">SslContextFactory.Server</code></a> instance that is injected into an <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/SslConnectionFactory.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">SslConnectionFactory</code></a> instance.
An example using the keystore distributed with Jetty (containing a self signed test certificate) is in <a class="link" href="https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/tree/jetty-9.4.x/jetty-server/src/main/config/etc/jetty-https.xml" target="_top"><code class="literal">jetty-https.xml</code></a>.
Read more about SSL keystores in <a class="link" href="configuring-ssl.html" title="Configuring SSL/TLS">Configuring SSL</a>.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="_proxy_load_balancer_connection_configuration"></a>Proxy / Load Balancer Connection Configuration</h3></div></div></div><p>Often a Connector needs to be configured to accept connections from an intermediary such as a Reverse Proxy and/or Load Balancer deployed in front of the server.
In such environments, the TCP/IP connection terminating on the server does not originate from the client, but from the intermediary, so that the Remote IP and port number can be reported incorrectly in logs and in some circumstances the incorrect server address and port may be used.</p><p>Thus Intermediaries typically implement one of several de facto standards to communicate to the server information about the original client connection terminating on the intermediary.
Jetty supports the <code class="literal">X-Forwarded-For</code> header and the <a class="link" href="http://www.haproxy.org/download/1.5/doc/proxy-protocol.txt" target="_top">Proxy Protocol</a> mechanisms as described below.</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title"><i class="fa fa-asterisk" aria-hidden="true"></i> Note</h3><p>The XML files in the Jetty distribution contain commented out examples of both the <code class="literal">X-Forwarded-For</code> and <a class="link" href="http://www.haproxy.org/download/1.5/doc/proxy-protocol.txt" target="_top">Proxy Protocol</a> mechanisms.
When using those examples, it is recommended that the XML in the Jetty distribution is not edited.
Rather the files should be copied into a Jetty base directory and then modified.</p></div></blockquote></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="_x_forward_for_configuration"></a>X-Forward-for Configuration</h4></div></div></div><p>The <code class="literal">X-Forwarded-for</code> header and associated headers are a de facto standard where intermediaries add HTTP headers to each request they forward to describe the originating connection.
These headers can be interpreted by an instance of <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ForwardedRequestCustomizer.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ForwardedRequestCustomizer</code></a> which can be added to a <code class="literal">HttpConfiguration</code> as follows:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;New id="httpConfig" class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConfiguration"&gt;
  &lt;Set name="outputBufferSize"&gt;32768&lt;/Set&gt;
  &lt;Set name="requestHeaderSize"&gt;8192&lt;/Set&gt;
  &lt;Set name="responseHeaderSize"&gt;8192&lt;/Set&gt;

  &lt;Call name="addCustomizer"&gt;
    &lt;Arg&gt;&lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.ForwardedRequestCustomizer"/&gt;&lt;/Arg&gt;
  &lt;/Call&gt;
&lt;/New&gt;</code></pre></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="_proxy_protocol"></a>Proxy Protocol</h4></div></div></div><p>The <a class="link" href="http://www.haproxy.org/download/1.5/doc/proxy-protocol.txt" target="_top">Proxy Protocol</a> is the <span class="emphasis"><em>de facto</em></span> standard created by HAProxy and used by environments such as Amazon Elastic Cloud.
This mechanism is independent of any protocol, so it can be used for HTTP2, TLS etc.
The information about the client connection is sent as a small data frame on each newly established connection.
In Jetty, this protocol can be handled by the <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ProxyConnectionFactory.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ProxyConnectionFactory</code></a> which parses the data frame and then instantiates the next <code class="literal">ConnectionFactory</code> on the connection with an end point that has been customized with the data obtained about the original client connection.
The connection factory can be added to any <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ServerConnector.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ServerConnector</code></a> and should be the first <a class="link" href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/javadoc/9.4.28-SNAPSHOT/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ConnectionFactory.html" target="_top"><code class="literal">ConnectionFactory</code></a>.</p><p>An example of adding the factory to a HTTP connector is shown below:</p><pre xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><code>&lt;Call name="addConnector"&gt;
  &lt;Arg&gt;
    &lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.ServerConnector"&gt;
      &lt;Arg name="server"&gt;&lt;Ref refid="Server" /&gt;&lt;/Arg&gt;
      &lt;Arg name="factories"&gt;
        &lt;Array type="org.eclipse.jetty.server.ConnectionFactory"&gt;
          &lt;Item&gt;
            &lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.ProxyConnectionFactory"/&gt;
          &lt;/Item&gt;
          &lt;Item&gt;
            &lt;New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnectionFactory"&gt;
              &lt;Arg name="config"&gt;&lt;Ref refid="httpConfig" /&gt;&lt;/Arg&gt;
            &lt;/New&gt;
          &lt;/Item&gt;
        &lt;/Array&gt;
      &lt;/Arg&gt;
      &lt;Set name="host"&gt;&lt;Property name="jetty.host" /&gt;&lt;/Set&gt;
      &lt;Set name="port"&gt;&lt;Property name="jetty.http.port" default="80" /&gt;&lt;/Set&gt;
    &lt;/New&gt;
  &lt;/Arg&gt;
&lt;/Call&gt;</code></pre></div></div></div></div><script type="text/javascript">
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