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eclipse / acceleo / org.eclipse.acceleo / 724a1b69523a56aa34e48fed260e08f1b2587814 / . / acceleo-aql / org.eclipse.acceleo.aql.doc / doc / Acceleo / language.html
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</head>
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Acceleo</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">Acceleo 4 Language</span><br>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_preface">1. Preface</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_intended_audience">1.1. Intended Audience</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_module">2. Module</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_imports">2.1. Imports</a></li>
<li><a href="#_module_elements">2.2. Module Elements</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_template">3. Template</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_main_template">3.1. Main template</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_query">4. Query</a></li>
<li><a href="#_file_block">5. File Block</a></li>
<li><a href="#_for_loops">6. For loops</a></li>
<li><a href="#_if_conditions">7. If conditions</a></li>
<li><a href="#_let_block">8. Let block</a></li>
<li><a href="#_protected_area">9. Protected Area</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_preface">1. Preface</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_intended_audience">1.1. Intended Audience</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This guide was written to describe the elements composing the Acceleo 4 templating language. This will not delve into the Acceleo Query Language (AQL) description.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_module">2. Module</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>An Acceleo module is defined in its own file and is the main container for generation <a href="#_template">templates</a> (that will generate text) and <a href="#_query">queries</a> (which purpose is to extract information from the input models).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The name of the module will be qualified according to its location in the source folder of the project.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>An Acceleo file must start with the module declaration in the following format:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>[**
&lt;module documentation&gt;
@author &lt;author name&gt;
@version &lt;version number&gt;
@since &lt;first version in which this module appeared&gt;
/]
[module &lt;module name&gt;('http://metamodel/URI/1', 'http://metamodel/URI/1', &lt;additional_URIs&gt;) extends &lt;other module qualified name&gt;]</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">Module documentation</dt>
<dd>
<p>The documentation of a module is optional, and can contain both the description of the module and optional metadata such as the author and version number.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">Module name</dt>
<dd>
<p>The module name can only contain alphanumeric (and underscore <code>_</code>) characters and cannot start with a number.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">Metamodel URIs</dt>
<dd>
<p>The metamodel(s) from which this module will take types. The list has to be exhaustive: if multiple connected metamodels are used, then all must be listed in the module declaration.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">Extends</dt>
<dd>
<p>The qualified name of another module. Acceleo allows you to override <em>protected</em> and <em>public</em> visibility templates from the extended module. Extending multiple modules is not allowed.
<strong>Note</strong> that the extended module&#8217;s name has to be qualified, even when overriding modules located in the same package.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>See also the <a href="syntax.html#_module">Module syntax documentation</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_imports">2.1. Imports</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>An Acceleo module can import any number of other modules. All <em>public</em> visibility templates and queries from the imported module(s) can be called by the importer.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Importing modules can be done right after the module declaration line and requires the following format:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>[import &lt;other module qualified name&gt;/]</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Note</strong> that modules can only be referenced through their qualified name, even if they are located in the same package.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>See also the <a href="syntax.html#_import">Import</a> as well as the <a href="syntax.html#_module_reference">Module Reference</a> syntax documentation.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_module_elements">2.2. Module Elements</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Following the imports declaration, any number of module element can now be written as the body of our Module. Please refer to <a href="#_template">Template</a> and <a href="#_query">Query</a> sections below for more information.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_template">3. Template</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A Template is a set of Acceleo statements used to generate text. It is delimited by <code>[template &#8230;&#8203;][/template]</code> tags.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The template signature must include the visbility and the name, and can optionally define a post-treatment expression.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>[**
&lt;template documentation&gt;
@param class &lt;documentation of the parameter&gt;
/]
[template public generate(class : ecore::EClass) post (self.trim())]
[/template]</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">visibility</dt>
<dd>
<p>One of</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>public : Public templates will be visible from all modules importing or extending the module declaring them. They can be overridden by extending modules.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>protected : Protected templates will only be visible from extending modules and can be overridden.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>private : Private templates are only visible by the defining module and cannot be overridden.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">name</dt>
<dd>
<p>The name of the template. Only alphanumeric (and underscore <code>_</code>) characters are allowed, and the name cannot start with a number.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">arguments</dt>
<dd>
<p>Arguments follow the format <code>&lt;name&gt; : &lt;type&gt;</code>. Only alphanumeric (and underscore <code>_</code>) characters are allowed, and the name cannot start with a number. The type of the argument must be qualified and uses <code>::</code> as the qualified name separator.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">post</dt>
<dd>
<p>The post-treatment expression will be called on the result of the template (stored in variable <code>self</code>) and needs to be applicable to a String.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>The result of a template is always a String.</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>See also the <a href="syntax.html#_template">Template syntax documentation</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_main_template">3.1. Main template</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Acceleo defines a special metadata tag on templates to specify the main entry point(s) of a generation, the template(s) that will be called first during the workflow. This metadata tag, <code>@main</code>, needs to be in the comments preceding the template, or within the template documentation</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Such templates do not necessarily contain a <a href="#_file_block">File</a> block themselves.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>[**
&lt;template documentation&gt;
@param class &lt;param documentation&gt;
@main
/]
[template public generate(class : ecore::EClass)]
[file (class.name + '.txt', overwrite)]
Class [class.name/] structural features:
[for (feature | class.eStructuralFeatures)]
[feature.name/]
[/for]
[/file]
[/template]</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_query">4. Query</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A query is a re-useable AQL expression that can return any type of Object. They are commonly used to extract information from the input models. A query is enclosed in a <code>[query &#8230;&#8203;]</code> tag.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The query signature must include the visibility and its name.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>[**
&lt;query documentation&gt;
@param class &lt;documentation of the parameter&gt;
/]
[query public getPublicProperties(class : uml::Class) : Set(uml::Property) =
class.attribute-&gt;select(property : uml::Property | property.visibility = uml::VisbilityKind::public)
/]</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">visibility</dt>
<dd>
<p>One of</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>public : Public templates will be visible from all modules importing or extending the module declaring them. They can be overridden by extending modules.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>protected : Protected templates will only be visible from extending modules and can be overridden.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>private : Private templates are only visible by the defining module and cannot be overridden.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">name</dt>
<dd>
<p>The name of the query. Only alphanumeric (and underscore <code>_</code>) characters are allowed, and the name cannot start with a number.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">arguments</dt>
<dd>
<p>Arguments follow the format <code>&lt;name&gt; : &lt;type&gt;</code>. Only alphanumeric (and underscore <code>_</code>) characters are allowed, and the name cannot start with a number. The type of the argument must be qualified and uses <code>::</code> as the qualified name separator.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">return type</dt>
<dd>
<p>The return type describes the kind of object this query is expected to return. If the expression does not return an object of the accurate type, the evaluation will fail at runtime.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>See also the <a href="syntax.html#_query">Query syntax documentation</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_file_block">5. File Block</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>File blocks are used to tell the Acceleo engine it must generate the body of the <code>[file &#8230;&#8203;]</code> block in an actual file.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>[file (&lt;uri&gt;, &lt;open mode&gt;, &lt;charset&gt;)][/file]</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">uri</dt>
<dd>
<p>An AQL expression denoting the output file name. Must evaluate to a String.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">open mode</dt>
<dd>
<p>The open mode for the file. This can be one of:</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>append : Append to the end of the file if it already exists, create it otherwise.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>overwrite : Overwrite the whole file if it already exists, create it otherwise.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>create : Do not change the file if it already exists, create it otherwise.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">charset</dt>
<dd>
<p>This can be used to tell Acceleo which charset to use for the generated file. This is optional and will default to UTF-8</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>[template public generate(class : ecore::EClass)]
[file (class.name + '.java', append, 'UTF-8')]
[/file]
[/template]</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Note</strong> that the file will only be generated if the engine actually evaluates the file block. For example, if the template containing that block is never called, or if the file block is included in an <code>If</code> block which condition evalutes to <code>false</code>, then no file will be created.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>See also the <a href="syntax.html#_file_statement">File Statement syntax documentation</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_for_loops">6. For loops</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For loops in Acceleo need to be expressed using the following syntax:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>[for (&lt;variable&gt; | &lt;iteration expression&gt;)]...[/for]</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">variable</dt>
<dd>
<p>The name of the loop variable allows only alphanumeric (and underscore <code>_</code>) characters, and the name cannot start with a number. The variable type must match the result of the iteration expression. If the expression returns a collection of Strings, then the variable will be of type String. Because of this, typing the variable is optional.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">iteration expression</dt>
<dd>
<p>An AQL expression returning a collection of elements on which to iterate.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>[template public generate(class : ecore::EClass)]
[for (feature | class.eStructuralFeatures)]
[/for]
[/template]</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>See also the <a href="syntax.html#_for_statement">For Statement syntax documentation</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_if_conditions">7. If conditions</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>If</code> statement in Acceleo uses the following syntax:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>[if (condition)]
[elseif (condition)]
[else]
[/if]</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>elseif</code> and <code>else</code> are both optional. If one of the <code>condition</code> expressions does not evaluate to a boolean an error will be logged and nothing will be generated for that <code>if</code> block.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>See also the <a href="syntax.html#_if_statement">If Statement syntax documentation</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_let_block">8. Let block</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Acceleo <code>Let</code> blocks use the following syntax:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>[let var1 = expression, var2 = expression]
[/let]</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>Let</code> blocks allow template writers to define temporary variables that will be visible within the scope of the block.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Note</strong> that all variables are immutable. Nested <code>Let</code> blocks can override the value of a variable within their own scope, but the variable will go back to its former value once outside of the nested <code>Let</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>See also the <a href="syntax.html#_let_statemnet">Let Statement syntax documentation</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_protected_area">9. Protected Area</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A protected area defines a set of statements that should only be generated if the file doesn&#8217;t exist on disk or it does not contain an area with the specified protected area&#8217;s identifier.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Protected areas allow module writers to create a "safe" part of the generated file that can be modified directly in the generated file, without fear of these manual modifications to be lost during subsequent generations.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>[comment @main/]
[template public generate(class : ecore::EClass)]
[file (class.name + '.java', overwrite, 'UTF-8')/]
// [protected (class.name + ' imports')]
imports java.util.List;
// [/protected]
public class [class.name.toUpperFirst()/] {
}
[/file]
[/template]</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The expression within the protected block&#8217;s signature serves as the protected area&#8217;s identifier and <strong>must be unique</strong> in the generated file&#8217;s scope.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>There must be nothing present on the line after the protected area&#8217;s signature.</strong> Otherwise, everything following said signature will be considered to be part of the area&#8217;s identifier by the engine and the code will not be properly protected.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Please also note that the protected area&#8217;s first and last line are marked as comments in the generated code (by generating <code>//</code> at the start of their respective line, since this is Java code). This is to avoid generating invalid Java code as the markers will be present in the generated file&#8217;s contents.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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Last updated 2020-04-22 21:59:00 +0200
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