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| <mainDescription><h3>
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| <font size="5">What is a Metric?</font>
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| </h3>
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| <p>
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| We distinguish between measure and metric. To clarify, let’s start by defining what is meant by measure and by metric.
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| </p>
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| <ul>
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| <li>
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| <b>Measure</b>: A raw data item that is directly measured, and that will be used to calculate a metric.
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| </li>
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| <li>
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| <b>Metric</b>: An interpretation of a measure or a set of measures that you use to guide your project. For example,
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| recording how many test cases have passed and how many have failed are measures. Interpreting what level of quality
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| this indicates and how it reflects the team's progress within the current iteration is a metric.
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| </li>
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| </ul>
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| <h3>
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| <font size="5">Why Measure?</font>
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| </h3>
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| <p>
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| Measurements will mainly help you to:
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| </p>
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| <ul>
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| <li>
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| <b>Communicate effectively</b>. Measurement supports effective communication among team members and project
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| stakeholders.
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| </li>
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| <li>
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| <b>Identify and correct problems early</b>. Measurement enables you to identify and manage potential problems early
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| in the development lifecycle.
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| </li>
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| <li>
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| <b>Make informed trade-offs</b>. Measurement helps objectively assess the impact of decisions, helping&nbsp;the
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| team&nbsp;make trade-off decisions to best meet project goals.
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| </li>
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| <li>
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| <b>Tune estimations</b>. Recording schedule, progress, and expenditures for projects will help team members to make
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| more reliable estimations in the future.
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| </li>
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| </ul>
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| <h3>
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| <font size="5">Potential Challenges</font>
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| </h3>
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| <p>
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| There are several dangers when it comes to metrics:
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| </p>
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| <ul>
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| <li>
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| <div align="left">
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| <b>They can be too costly</b>. The benefit provided by the metric must exceed the cost of collecting it. Keep
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| your measurements simple and easy to collect.
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| </div>
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| </li>
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| <li>
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| <div align="left">
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| <b>They’re a poor substitute for communication</b>. Do not use metrics as a substitute for communication. Team
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| members may help to decide which metrics make sense for the project. Apply metrics not so much to control the
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| project but to help team to collaborate better. Asking people about their progress is a co-dependent way of
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| gaining insight into progress.
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| </div>
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| </li>
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| <li>
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| <div align="left">
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| <b>They can be misleading</b>. No metric or collection of metrics is perfect. Furthermore, the measurements
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| upon which they are based can be manipulated by the people capturing them. Don’t rely simply upon metrics to
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| manage a project.
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| </div>
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| </li>
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| </ul>
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| <p>
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| Effective metrics programs can be challenging to implement, though typically not because of the statistics and complex
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| analysis often associated with metrics. Rather, the challenge lies in understanding which metrics add value to the
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| project and to the company, and which procedures are most efficient for collecting and using these metrics.
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| </p>
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| <p>
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| Consider to implement only a handful metrics. Importantly, do not collect metrics unless they help contribute to a goal
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| of improving a defined area of your software development process. If you will not act on a metric, do not collect it.
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| It is much more important to focus on a small number of metrics that are important to what you are trying to achieve
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| right now, versus a larger set of metrics that may be "good to track".&nbsp;
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| </p>
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| <h3>
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| <font size="5">Example Metrics</font>
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| </h3>
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| <p>
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| Below are some common measures and associated metrics used in software development projects. These metrics help teams
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| communicate, identify and correct problems early, make informed trade-offs, and tune estimations. Example metrics
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| coverage areas are listed below.
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| </p>
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| <h4>
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| Software quality
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| </h4>
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| <ul>
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| <li>
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| Defect backlog: Number of defects discovered respectively resolved per iteration
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| </li>
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| <li>
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| Test case coverage: Number of test cases executed over total number of test cases
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| </li>
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| <li>
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| Code coverage: % of code that have been tested
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| </li>
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| </ul>
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| <h4>
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| Development productivity
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| </h4>
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| <ul>
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| <li>
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| Velocity: Number of delivered points by iteration (see <a class="elementLink"
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| href="./../../../openup/guidances/guidelines/agile_estimation.html" guid="_CGHskBEdEdqY7JB6N6CW2w">Agile
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| Estimation</a>)
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| </li>
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| </ul>
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| <h4>
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| Development process effectiveness
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| </h4>
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| <ul>
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| <li>
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| Responsiveness to quality issues: Number of defects discovered versus resolved per iteration
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| </li>
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| <li>
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| Responsiveness to process improvement proposal: Number of process enhancements proposed versus implemented
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| </li>
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| </ul>
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| <h4>
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| Cost and schedule estimate and variance
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| </h4>
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| <ul>
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| <li>
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| Effort: Actual effort spent per iteration
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| </li>
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| <li>
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| Cost: Cost per iteration
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| </li>
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| <li>
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| Effort remaining: Track <a class="elementLink" href="./../../../openup/guidances/reports/project_burndown.html"
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| guid="_ePrt8Dj3EduxovfWMDsntw">Project Burndown</a>
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| </li>
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| </ul>
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| <p>
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| There are many other measures and metrics that may make sense, based on what you are trying to accomplish. As an
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| example, to measure the quality of your architecture, you may for example choose to collect metrics related to coupling
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| between different software packages (groups of related classes) by measuring extensibility, dependency, and
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| responsibility of each package.
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| </p></mainDescription> |
| </org.eclipse.epf.uma:ContentDescription> |
