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| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/installing-che-in-a-restricted-environment/">Installing Che in restricted environment</a> |
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| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/advanced-configuration-options-for-the-che-server-component/">Advanced configuration options for Che server</a> |
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| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/configuring-the-number-of-workspaces-that-a-user-can-create/">Configuring the number of workspaces that a user can create</a> |
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| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/configuring-workspace-exposure-strategies/">Configuring workspace exposure strategies</a> |
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| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/configuring-che-hostname/">Configuring Che hostname</a> |
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| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/configuring-ingresses/">Configuring Kubernetes Ingress</a> |
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| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/importing-untrusted-tls-certificates/">Importing untrusted TLS certificates to Che</a> |
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| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/switching-between-external-and-internal-communication/">Switching between external and internal ways in inter-component communication</a> |
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| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/setting-up-the-keycloak-che-username-readonly-theme-for-the-eclipse-che-login-page/">Setting up the Keycloak che-username-readonly theme for the Eclipse Che login page</a> |
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| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/mounting-a-secret-as-a-file-or-an-environment-variable-into-a-container/">Mounting a Secret or a ConfigMap as a file or an environment variable into a Eclipse Che container</a> |
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| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/enabling-dev-workspace-engine/">Enabling Dev Workspace engine</a> |
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| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/upgrading-che-using-operatorhub/">Upgrading Che using OperatorHub</a> |
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| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/upgrading-che-using-the-cli-management-tool/">Upgrading Che using the CLI management tool</a> |
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| <li class="nav-item" data-depth="2"> |
| <a class="nav-link" href="../../installation-guide/upgrading-che-using-the-cli-management-tool-in-restricted-environment/">Upgrading Che in restricted environment</a> |
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| <h1 class="page">Authenticating users</h1> |
| <div id="preamble"> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This document covers all aspects of user authentication in Eclipse Che, both on the Che server and in workspaces. This includes securing all REST API endpoints, WebSocket or JSON RPC connections, and some web resources.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All authentication types use the <a href="https://jwt.io/introduction/">JWT open standard</a> as a container for transferring user identity information. In addition, Che server authentication is based on the <a href="https://openid.net/connect/">OpenID Connect</a> protocol implementation, which is provided by default by <a href="https://www.keycloak.org/">Keycloak</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Authentication in workspaces implies the issuance of self-signed per-workspace JWT tokens and their verification on a dedicated service based on <a href="https://github.com/eclipse/che-jwtproxy/">JWTProxy</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="authentication-modes_che"><a class="anchor" href="#authentication-modes_che"></a>Authentication modes</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Che supports multiuser and single-user mode.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <div class="title">Single-user mode</div> |
| <p>Single-user mode requires no authentication and anyone can access all cluster resources. In single-user mode, the server performs all operations as the predefined user, regardless of who accesses the server. Therefore, this mode is suitable only for use in a private instance for testing product possibilities and configurations.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>H2 database is used.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Che deployed in single-user mode has no authentication and anyone who can access the URL of the Che deployment sees all workspaces and owns all resources. Because the deployment in this mode requires fewer containers, RAM and CPU requirements are lower. This mode is useful when the whole Che deployment is used by a single person or for lowering resources used. As the server does not authenticate, actions of multiple users logged in the same workspace can interfere with each other.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Use third-party services, such as HAproxy or NGINX, to secure Che in single-user mode.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <div class="title">Multiuser mode</div> |
| <p>Multiuser mode is the default mode for Che. It requires user authentication and offers isolated workspaces and their resources. In multiuser mode, workspaces are used in the scope of registered users and workspace definitions, and devfiles of particular workspaces can be shared and reused between many users.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Keycloak is used to authenticate users.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>PostgreSQL database is used.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_changing_the_authentication_mode"><a class="anchor" href="#_changing_the_authentication_mode"></a>Changing the authentication mode</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This procedure describes how to change authentication mode for various deployment types.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <div class="title">Procedure</div> |
| <p>Che deployed using the Che Operator defaults to multiuser mode. To change to sing-user mode:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>Update the <code>CheCluster</code> Custom Resource (CR) to set the <code>CHE_MULTIUSER</code> property to <code>false</code>:</p> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-yaml hljs" data-lang="yaml">spec: |
| server: |
| customCheProperties: |
| CHE_MULTIUSER: "false"</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Che deployed using the Helm installer defaults to single-user mode. To change to multiuser mode:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>Set the <code>multiuser</code> Helm chart field to <code>true</code>:</p> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>$ helm upgrade --install che --force --namespace eclipse-che --set global.cheDomain=<em><che-host></em> -f multi-user.yaml</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Che deployed using the <code>chectl</code> command-line tool defaults to single-user mode. To change to multiuser mode:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>Use the <code>--multiuser</code> (<code>-m</code>) option with the <code>chectl server:deploy</code> command:</p> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>$ chectl server:deploy --platfrom=minikube --installer=helm --multiuser</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="authenticating-to-the-che-server_che"><a class="anchor" href="#authenticating-to-the-che-server_che"></a>Authenticating to the Che server</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="authenticatinng-to-the-che-server-using-other-authentication-implementations_che"><a class="anchor" href="#authenticatinng-to-the-che-server-using-other-authentication-implementations_che"></a>Authenticating to the Che server using other authentication implementations</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This procedure describes how to use an OpenID Connect (OIDC) authentication implementation other than Keycloak.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <div class="title">Procedure</div> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>Update the authentication configuration parameters that are stored in the <code>multiuser.properties</code> file (such as client ID, authentication URL, realm name).</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Write a single filter or a chain of filters to validate tokens, create the user in the Che dashboard, and compose the <code>subject</code> object.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>If the new authorization provider supports the OpenID protocol, use the OIDC JS client library available at the settings endpoint because it is decoupled from specific implementations.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>If the selected provider stores additional data about the user (first and last name, job title), it is recommended to write a provider-specific <strong>ProfileDao</strong> implementation that provides this information.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="authenticating-to-the-che-server-using-oauth_che"><a class="anchor" href="#authenticating-to-the-che-server-using-oauth_che"></a>Authenticating to the Che server using OAuth</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For easy user interaction with third-party services, the Che server supports OAuth authentication. OAuth tokens are also used for GitHub-related plug-ins.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>OAuth authentication has two main flows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">delegated</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Default. Delegates OAuth authentication to Keycloak server.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">embedded</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Uses built-in Che server mechanism to communicate with OAuth providers.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To switch between the two implementations, use the <code>che.oauth.service_mode=<em><embedded|delegated></em></code> configuration property.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The main REST endpoint in the OAuth API is <code>/api/oauth</code>, which contains:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>An authentication method, <code>/authenticate</code>, that the OAuth authentication flow can start with.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A callback method, <code>/callback</code>, to process callbacks from the provider.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A token GET method, <code>/token</code>, to retrieve the current user’s OAuth token.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A token DELETE method, <code>/token</code>, to invalidated the current user’s OAuth token.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A GET method, <code>/</code>, to get the list of configured identity providers.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="using-swagger-or-rest-clients-to-execute-queries_che"><a class="anchor" href="#using-swagger-or-rest-clients-to-execute-queries_che"></a>Using Swagger or REST clients to execute queries</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The user’s Keycloak token is used to execute queries to the secured API on the user’s behalf through REST clients. A valid token must be attached as the <strong>Request</strong> header or the <code>?token=$token</code> query parameter.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Access the Che Swagger interface at <code>https://che-host:che-port/swagger</code>. The user must be signed in through Keycloak, so that the access token is included in the <strong>Request</strong> header.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="authenticating-in-a-che-workspace_che"><a class="anchor" href="#authenticating-in-a-che-workspace_che"></a>Authenticating in a Che workspace</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Workspace containers may contain services that must be protected with authentication. Such protected services are called <strong>secure</strong>. To secure these services, use a machine authentication mechanism.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>JWT tokens avoid the need to pass Keycloak tokens to workspace containers (which can be insecure). Also, Keycloak tokens may have a relatively shorter lifetime and require periodic renewals or refreshes, which is difficult to manage and keep in sync with the same user session tokens on clients.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="imageblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <img src="../_images/security/che-authentication-inside-the-workspace.png" alt="che authentication inside the workspace"> |
| </div> |
| <div class="title">Figure 1. Authentication inside a workspace</div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="creating-secure-servers_che"><a class="anchor" href="#creating-secure-servers_che"></a>Creating secure servers</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To create secure servers in Che workspaces, set the <code>secure</code> attribute of the endpoint to <code>true</code> in the <code>dockerimage</code> type component in the devfile.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="title">Devfile snippet for a secure server</div> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-yaml hljs" data-lang="yaml">components: |
| - type: dockerimage |
| endpoints: |
| - attributes: |
| secure: 'true'</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="workspace-jwt-token_che"><a class="anchor" href="#workspace-jwt-token_che"></a>Workspace JWT token</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Workspace tokens are JSON web tokens (<a href="https://jwt.io/">JWT</a>) that contain the following information in their claims:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>uid</code>: The ID of the user who owns this token</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>uname</code>: The name of the user who owns this token</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>wsid</code>: The ID of a workspace which can be queried with this token</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Every user is provided with a unique personal token for each workspace. The structure of a token and the signature are different than they are in Keycloak. The following is an example token view:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-json hljs" data-lang="json"># Header |
| { |
| "alg": "RS512", |
| "kind": "machine_token" |
| } |
| # Payload |
| { |
| "wsid": "workspacekrh99xjenek3h571", |
| "uid": "b07e3a58-ed50-4a6e-be17-fcf49ff8b242", |
| "uname": "john", |
| "jti": "06c73349-2242-45f8-a94c-722e081bb6fd" |
| } |
| # Signature |
| { |
| "value": "RSASHA256(base64UrlEncode(header) + . + base64UrlEncode(payload))" |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The SHA-256 cipher with the RSA algorithm is used for signing JWT tokens. It is not configurable. Also, there is no public service that distributes the public part of the key pair with which the token is signed.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="machine-token-validation_che"><a class="anchor" href="#machine-token-validation_che"></a>Machine token validation</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The validation of machine tokens (JWT tokens) is performed using a dedicated per-workspace service with <code>JWTProxy</code> running on it in a separate Pod. When the workspace starts, this service receives the public part of the SHA key from the Che server. A separate verification endpoint is created for each secure server. When traffic comes to that endpoint, <code>JWTProxy</code> tries to extract the token from the cookies or headers and validates it using the public-key part.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To query the Che server, a workspace server can use the machine token provided in the <code>CHE_MACHINE_TOKEN</code> environment variable. This token is the user’s who starts the workspace. The scope of such requests is restricted to the current workspace only. The list of allowed operations is also strictly limited.</p> |
| </div> |
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