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| <ul> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-retrievedesiredproperty.html">Retrieve a single desired Property</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-errorresponses.html">Error responses</a></li> |
| |
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| </ul> |
| </li> |
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| <li class="subfolders"> |
| <a href="#"><span></span>→ Things merge examples</a> |
| <ul> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergething.html">Merge a Thing</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergepolicyid.html">Merge the Policy ID of a Thing</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergeattributes.html">Merge Attributes</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergeattribute.html">Merge a single Attribute</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergethingdefinition.html">Merge a Definition</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergefeatures.html">Merge Features</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergefeature.html">Merge a single Feature</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergefeaturedefinition.html">Merge Feature Definition</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergeproperties.html">Merge Feature Properties</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergeproperty.html">Merge a single Property</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergedesiredproperties.html">Merge desired Feature Properties</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergedesiredproperty.html">Merge a single desired Property</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-errorresponses.html">Error responses</a></li> |
| |
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| </ul> |
| </li> |
| |
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| |
| <li class="subfolders"> |
| <a href="#"><span></span>→ Policies examples</a> |
| <ul> |
| |
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| |
| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-createpolicy.html">Create a Policy</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-deletepolicy.html">Delete a Policy</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifypolicy.html">Modify a Policy</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievepolicy.html">Retrieve a Policy</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifypolicyentries.html">Modify entries</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievepolicyentries.html">Retrieve entries</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-createpolicyentry.html">Create a single entry</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-deletepolicyentry.html">Delete a single entry</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifypolicyentry.html">Modify a single entry</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievepolicyentry.html">Retrieve a single entry</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifysubjects.html">Modify subjects</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievesubjects.html">Retrieve subjects</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-createsubject.html">Create a single subject</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-deletesubject.html">Delete a single subject</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifysubject.html">Modify a single subject</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievesubject.html">Retrieve a single subject</a></li> |
| |
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| |
| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifyresources.html">Modify resources</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrieveresources.html">Retrieve resources</a></li> |
| |
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| |
| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-createresource.html">Create a single resource</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-deleteresource.html">Delete a single resource</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifyresource.html">Modify a single resource</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrieveresource.html">Retrieve a single resource</a></li> |
| |
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| |
| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-errorresponses.html">Error responses</a></li> |
| |
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| |
| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-announcement-subjectDeletion.html">Announcement for subject deletion</a></li> |
| |
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| |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-search.html">→ Search examples</a></li> |
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| <!-- Content Column --> |
| <div class="col-md-9" id="tg-sb-content"> |
| <div class="post-header"> |
| <h1 class="post-title-main">Protocol specification</h1> |
| </div> |
| |
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| |
| <div class="post-content"> |
| |
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| <div id="toc"></div> |
| |
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| |
| |
| <p>In order to comply with the Ditto Protocol, a protocol message must consist of</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>a Ditto Protocol envelope (JSON) and</li> |
| <li>a Ditto Protocol payload (JSON).</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h2 id="ditto-protocol">Ditto Protocol</h2> |
| |
| <p>The communication protocol envelope is implicitly defined by the underlying messaging system |
| (e.g. <a href="httpapi-protocol-bindings-websocket.html">WebSocket</a>) used to transport/serialize the messages over the wire. |
| Please refer to the respective <a href="protocol-bindings.html">communication protocol binding</a> for information how to encode |
| the data in a protocol specific way.</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="dittoProtocolEnvelope">Ditto Protocol envelope</h3> |
| |
| <p>The Ditto Protocol envelope describes the content of the message (the affected thing entity, a message type, protocol |
| version etc.) and allows the message to be routed by intermediary nodes to its final destination, without parsing the |
| actual payload.</p> |
| |
| <p>The Protocol envelope is formatted as JSON object (<code class="highlighter-rouge">content-type=application/json</code>) and must correspond to the |
| following JSON schema:</p> |
| |
| <script src="docson/widget.js" data-schema="../jsonschema/protocol-envelope.json"></script> |
| |
| <h3 id="dittoProtocolPayload">Ditto Protocol payload (JSON)</h3> |
| |
| <p>The Ditto model payload contains the application data, e.g. an updated sensor value or a Thing in JSON representation.</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>See <a href="protocol-specification-things.html">specification for Things</a></li> |
| <li>See <a href="protocol-specification-policies.html">specification for Policies</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3 id="dittoProtocolResponse">Ditto Protocol response</h3> |
| |
| <p>When sending a <strong>command</strong>, a <strong>response</strong> can be requested. |
| A response can indicate either the success or the failure of the command. |
| The Ditto response for a successful command has the following format:</p> |
| |
| <script src="docson/widget.js" data-schema="../jsonschema/protocol-response.json"></script> |
| |
| <p>In case the execution failed, an error response with information about the error is sent:</p> |
| |
| <script src="docson/widget.js" data-schema="../jsonschema/protocol-error_response.json"></script> |
| |
| <p>The following sections specify in detail, which fields of the protocol envelope, payload, and response use to contain |
| which information.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="topic">Topic</h2> |
| |
| <p>Protocol messages contain a <a href="protocol-specification-topic.html">topic</a>, which is used for</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>addressing an entity,</li> |
| <li>defining the <code class="highlighter-rouge">channel</code> (<em>twin</em> vs. <em>live</em>) and</li> |
| <li>specifying what the intention of the Protocol message is.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h2 id="headers">Headers</h2> |
| |
| <p>Protocol messages contain headers as JSON object with arbitrary content. |
| The keys of the JSON object are the header names; the values are the header values.</p> |
| |
| <p>The header names are <em>case-insensitive</em> and <em>case-preserving</em> in the following sense:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><strong>Case-insensitive</strong>: Capitalization of header names does not affect evaluation of the headers by Ditto; |
| setting <code class="highlighter-rouge">correlation-id</code> or <code class="highlighter-rouge">CORRELATION-ID</code> has the same effect. If 2 headers differing only in capitalization |
| are set, Ditto’s behavior is <strong>not defined</strong>.</li> |
| <li><strong>Case-preserving</strong>: Capitalization of headers by the sender of a Ditto protocol message is visible to the receiver. |
| An exception to case-preservation are the headers of HTTP requests and responses, |
| since they are themselves not case-sensitive.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>There are some pre-defined headers, which have a special meaning for Ditto:</p> |
| |
| <table> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th>Header Key</th> |
| <th>Description</th> |
| <th>Possible values</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">content-type</code></td> |
| <td>The content-type which describes the <a href="#value">value</a> of Ditto Protocol messages.</td> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">String</code></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">correlation-id</code></td> |
| <td>Used for correlating protocol messages (e.g. a <strong>command</strong> would have the same correlation-id as the sent back <strong>response</strong> message.</td> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">String</code></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">ditto-originator</code></td> |
| <td>Contains the first authorization subject of the command that caused the sending of this message. Set by Ditto.</td> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">String</code></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">if-match</code></td> |
| <td>Has the same semantics as defined for the <a href="httpapi-concepts.html#conditional-requests">HTTP API</a>.</td> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">String</code></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">if-none-match</code></td> |
| <td>Has the same semantics as defined for the <a href="httpapi-concepts.html#conditional-requests">HTTP API</a>.</td> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">String</code></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">response-required</code></td> |
| <td>Configures for a <strong>command</strong> whether or not a <strong>response</strong> should be sent back.</td> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">Boolean</code> - default: <code class="highlighter-rouge">true</code></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">requested-acks</code></td> |
| <td>Defines which <a href="basic-acknowledgements.html">acknowledgements</a> are requested for a command processed by Ditto.</td> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">JsonArray</code> of <code class="highlighter-rouge">String</code> - default: <code class="highlighter-rouge">["twin-persisted"]</code></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">ditto-weak-ack</code></td> |
| <td>Marks <a href="basic-acknowledgements.html">weak acknowledgements</a> issued by Ditto.</td> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">Boolean</code> - default: <code class="highlighter-rouge">false</code></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">timeout</code></td> |
| <td>Defines how long the Ditto server should wait, e.g. applied when waiting for requested acknowledgements.</td> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">String</code> - e.g.: <code class="highlighter-rouge">42s</code> or <code class="highlighter-rouge">250ms</code> or <code class="highlighter-rouge">1m</code> - default: <code class="highlighter-rouge">60s</code></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">version</code></td> |
| <td>Determines in which schema version the <code class="highlighter-rouge">payload</code> should be interpreted.</td> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">Number</code> - currently: [1,2]</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">put-metadata</code></td> |
| <td>Determines which Metadata information is stored in the thing.</td> |
| <td><code class="highlighter-rouge">JsonArray</code> of <code class="highlighter-rouge">JsonObject</code>s containing <a href="basic-metadata.html">metadata</a> to apply.</td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| |
| <p>Custom headers of messages through the <a href="protocol-twinlive.html">live channel</a> are delivered verbatim. When naming |
| custom headers, it is best to attach a prefix specific to your application, that does not conflict with Ditto or |
| HTTP protocol, for example the prefix <code class="highlighter-rouge">ditto-*</code>.</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/message-headers.xml">Permanent HTTP headers</a> are to be avoided.</li> |
| <li>Ditto uses the following headers internally. If these headers are set in a Protocol message, they will be ignored |
| and will not be delivered. |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>channel |
| ditto-* |
| raw-request-url |
| read-subjects |
| subject |
| timeout-access |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>The interaction between the headers <code class="highlighter-rouge">response-required</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">requested-acks</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">timeout</code> is documented |
| <a href="basic-acknowledgements.html#interaction-between-headers">here</a>.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="path">Path</h2> |
| |
| <p>Contains a JSON pointer of where to apply the <a href="#value">value</a> of the protocol message. |
| May also be <code class="highlighter-rouge">/</code> when the value contains a replacement for the complete addressed entity (e.g. a complete |
| <a href="basic-thing.html">Thing</a> JSON).</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="value">Value</h2> |
| |
| <p>The JSON value to apply at the specified path.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="status">Status</h2> |
| |
| <p>Some protocol messages (for example <strong>responses</strong>) contain a HTTP status code which is stored in this field.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="extra">Extra</h2> |
| |
| <p>When using <a href="basic-enrichment.html">signal enrichment</a>, in order to ask for <code class="highlighter-rouge">extraFields</code> to be included, the |
| Ditto Protocol message contains a field <code class="highlighter-rouge">extra</code> containing a JSON object with the selected extra fields.</p> |
| |
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