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| <a href="#"><span></span>Ditto Protocol</a> |
| <ul> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-overview.html">Overview</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-twinlive.html">Twin/live channel</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification.html">Specification</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification-topic.html">Protocol topic</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification-things.html">Things group</a></li> |
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| <li class="subfolders"> |
| <a href="#"><span></span>→ commands/events</a> |
| <ul> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification-things-create-or-modify.html">Create/Modify</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification-things-retrieve.html">Retrieve</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification-things-delete.html">Delete</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification-acks.html">Acknowledgements</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification-errors.html">Errors</a></li> |
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| </ul> |
| </li> |
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| <li class="subfolders"> |
| <a href="#"><span></span>→ search/messages</a> |
| <ul> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification-things-search.html">Search</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification-things-messages.html">Messages</a></li> |
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| </ul> |
| </li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification-policies.html">Policies group</a></li> |
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| <li class="subfolders"> |
| <a href="#"><span></span>→ commands/events</a> |
| <ul> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification-policies-create-or-modify.html">Create/Modify</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification-policies-retrieve.html">Retrieve</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-specification-policies-delete.html">Delete</a></li> |
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| </ul> |
| </li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-bindings.html">Bindings</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples.html">Examples</a></li> |
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| <li class="subfolders"> |
| <a href="#"><span></span>→ Things examples</a> |
| <ul> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-creatething.html">Create a Thing</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-deletething.html">Delete a Thing</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-modifything.html">Modify a Thing</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-retrievething.html">Retrieve a Thing</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-retrievethings.html">Retrieve multiple Things</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-modifypolicyid.html">Modify the Policy ID of a Thing</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-createattributes.html">Create Attributes</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-deleteattributes.html">Delete Attributes</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-modifyattributes.html">Modify Attributes</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-retrieveattributes.html">Retrieve Attributes</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-createattribute.html">Create a single Attribute</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-deleteattribute.html">Delete a single Attribute</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-modifyattribute.html">Modify a single Attribute</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-retrieveattribute.html">Retrieve a single Attribute</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-createthingdefinition.html">Create a Definition</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-deletethingdefinition.html">Delete a Definition</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-modifythingdefinition.html">Modify a Definition</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-retrievethingdefinition.html">Retrieve a Definition</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-createfeatures.html">Create Features</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-deletefeatures.html">Delete Features</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-modifyfeatures.html">Modify Features</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-retrievefeatures.html">Retrieve Features</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-createfeature.html">Create a single Feature</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-deletefeature.html">Delete a single Feature</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-modifyfeature.html">Modify a single Feature</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-retrievefeature.html">Retrieve a single Feature</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-createdefinition.html">Create Feature Definition</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-deletedefinition.html">Delete Feature Definition</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-modifydefinition.html">Modify Feature Definition</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-retrievedefinition.html">Retrieve Feature Definition</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-createproperties.html">Create Feature Properties</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-deleteproperties.html">Delete Feature Properties</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-modifyproperties.html">Modify Feature Properties</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-retrieveproperties.html">Retrieve Feature Properties</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-createproperty.html">Create a single Property</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-deleteproperty.html">Delete a single Property</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-modifyproperty.html">Modify a single Property</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-retrieveproperty.html">Retrieve a single Property</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-createdesiredproperties.html">Create desired Feature Properties</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-deletedesiredproperties.html">Delete desired Feature Properties</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-modifydesiredproperties.html">Modify desired Feature Properties</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-retrievedesiredproperties.html">Retrieve desired Feature Properties</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-createdesiredproperty.html">Create a single desired Property</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-deletedesiredproperty.html">Delete a single desired Property</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-modifydesiredproperty.html">Modify a single desired Property</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-retrievedesiredproperty.html">Retrieve a single desired Property</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-errorresponses.html">Error responses</a></li> |
| |
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| </ul> |
| </li> |
| |
| |
| |
| <li class="subfolders"> |
| <a href="#"><span></span>→ Policies examples</a> |
| <ul> |
| |
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| |
| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-createpolicy.html">Create a Policy</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-deletepolicy.html">Delete a Policy</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifypolicy.html">Modify a Policy</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievepolicy.html">Retrieve a Policy</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifypolicyentries.html">Modify entries</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievepolicyentries.html">Retrieve entries</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-createpolicyentry.html">Create a single entry</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-deletepolicyentry.html">Delete a single entry</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifypolicyentry.html">Modify a single entry</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievepolicyentry.html">Retrieve a single entry</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifysubjects.html">Modify subjects</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievesubjects.html">Retrieve subjects</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-createsubject.html">Create a single subject</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-deletesubject.html">Delete a single subject</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifysubject.html">Modify a single subject</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievesubject.html">Retrieve a single subject</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifyresources.html">Modify resources</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrieveresources.html">Retrieve resources</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-createresource.html">Create a single resource</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-deleteresource.html">Delete a single resource</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifyresource.html">Modify a single resource</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrieveresource.html">Retrieve a single resource</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-errorresponses.html">Error responses</a></li> |
| |
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| |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| |
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| |
| <li><a href="protocol-examples-search.html">→ Search examples</a></li> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| |
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| |
| <li><a href="sandbox.html">Sandbox</a></li> |
| |
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| |
| |
| <li><a href="presentations.html">Presentations</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="glossary.html">Glossary</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="feedback.html">Feedback</a></li> |
| |
| |
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| |
| |
| <p class="external"> |
| <a href="#" id="collapseAll">Collapse All</a> | <a href="#" id="expandAll">Expand All</a> |
| </p> |
| |
| </ul> |
| |
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| </div> |
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| |
| <!-- Content Column --> |
| <div class="col-md-9" id="tg-sb-content"> |
| <div class="post-header"> |
| <h1 class="post-title-main">Search functionality</h1> |
| </div> |
| |
| |
| |
| <div class="post-content"> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <!-- this handles the automatic toc. use ## for subheads to auto-generate the on-page minitoc. if you use html tags, you must supply an ID for the heading element in order for it to appear in the minitoc. --> |
| <script> |
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| // Handler for .ready() called. |
| |
| $('#toc').toc({ minimumHeaders: 0, listType: 'ul', showSpeed: 0, headers: 'h2,h3,h4' }); |
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| <div id="toc"></div> |
| |
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| |
| <p>Ditto provides a search functionality as one of the services around its managed <strong>digital twins</strong>. |
| The functionality is available for the following APIs.</p> |
| |
| <table> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th>API</th> |
| <th>Access Method</th> |
| <th>Characteristics</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="httpapi-search.html">HTTP</a></td> |
| <td>HTTP request-response</td> |
| <td>Stateless</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="protocol-specification-things-search.html">Ditto protocol</a></td> |
| <td><a href="httpapi-protocol-bindings-websocket.html">Websocket</a> and <a href="basic-connections.html">connections</a></td> |
| <td><a href="https://reactive-streams.org">Reactive-streams</a> compatible</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><a href="httpapi-sse.html#sse-api-searchthings">Server-sent events</a></td> |
| <td><a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/server-sent-events.html">HTML5 server-sent events</a></td> |
| <td>Streaming with resumption</td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| |
| <h2 id="search-index">Search index</h2> |
| |
| <p>Ditto’s microservice <a href="architecture-services-things-search.html">things-search</a> automatically consumes all |
| <a href="basic-signals-event.html">events</a> which are emitted for changes to <code class="highlighter-rouge">Things</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">Policies</code> and updates an for search |
| optimized representation of the <code class="highlighter-rouge">Thing</code> data into its own database.</p> |
| |
| <p>No custom indexes have to be defined as the structure in the database is “flattened” so that all data contained in |
| <a href="basic-thing.html">Things</a> can be searched for efficiently.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="consistency">Consistency</h2> |
| |
| <p>Ditto’s search index provides <strong>eventual consistency</strong>.</p> |
| |
| <p>In order to reduce load to the database when processing updates in a high frequency, the search index is updated in |
| small batches with a default interval of 1 second (configurable via environment variable |
| <code class="highlighter-rouge">THINGS_SEARCH_UPDATER_STREAM_WRITE_INTERVAL</code>).</p> |
| |
| <p>That means that when a thing is updated and the API (e.g. the HTTP endpoint) returns a success response, the search index |
| will not reflect that change in that instant. The change will most likely be reflected in the search index within |
| 1-2 seconds. In rare cases the duration until consistency is reached again might be higher.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="search-queries">Search queries</h2> |
| |
| <p>Queries can be made via Ditto’s APIs (<a href="httpapi-search.html">HTTP</a> or |
| <a href="protocol-specification-things-search.html">Ditto Protocol</a> e.g. via <a href="httpapi-protocol-bindings-websocket.html">WebSocket</a>).</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example:</strong> Search for all things located in “living-room”, reorder the list to start with the lowest thing ID as the first element, |
| and return the first 5 results:</p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>Filter: eq(attributes/location,"living-room") |
| Sorting: sort(+thingId) |
| Paging: size(5),cursor(CURSOR_ID) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h2 id="search-count-queries">Search count queries</h2> |
| |
| <p>The same syntax applies for search count queries - only the <a href="basic-rql.html#rql-sorting">sorting</a> and <a href="#rql-paging-deprecated">paging</a> makes no |
| sense here, so there are not necessary to specify.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="namespaces">Namespaces</h2> |
| |
| <p>The Search supports specifying in which <code class="highlighter-rouge">namespaces</code> it should be searched. This may significantly improve the search |
| performance when many Things of different namespaces are managed in Ditto’s search index.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="rql">RQL</h2> |
| |
| <p>In order to apply queries when searching, Ditto uses the <a href="basic-rql.html">RQL notation</a> which is also applied for other |
| scenarios (e.g. filtering <a href="basic-changenotifications.html">notifications</a>).</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="sorting-and-paging-options">Sorting and paging options</h2> |
| |
| <p>The <a href="basic-rql.html#rql-sorting"><code class="highlighter-rouge">sort</code> option</a> governs the order of search results.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sort(<+|-><property1>,<+|-><property2>,...) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>If not given, search results are listed in the ascending order of thing IDs, namely <code class="highlighter-rouge">sort(+thingId)</code>.</p> |
| |
| <p>The <code class="highlighter-rouge">size</code> option</p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>size(<count>) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>limits the search results delivered in one HTTP response or one Ditto protocol message to <code class="highlighter-rouge"><count></code> items.</p> |
| |
| <p>If the paging option is not explicitly specified a <strong>default value</strong> of <em>25</em> is used. The <strong>maximum</strong> allowed count is |
| <em>200</em>.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>cursor(<cursor-id>) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>Starts the search at the position of the cursor with ID <code class="highlighter-rouge"><cursor-id></code>. The cursor ID is obtained from the field |
| <code class="highlighter-rouge">cursor</code> of a previous response and marks the <strong>position after the last entry</strong> of the previous search. A response |
| includes no cursor if there are no more results.</p> |
| |
| <p>If a request has a <code class="highlighter-rouge">cursor</code> option, then any included <code class="highlighter-rouge">filter</code> or <code class="highlighter-rouge">sort</code> option may not differ from the original request of the cursor. Otherwise, the request is rejected.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - return ten items with a cursor</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>option=size(10),cursor(<cursor-from-previous-result>) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h2 id="rql-paging-deprecated">RQL paging (deprecated)</h2> |
| |
| <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> <b>Note:</b> The limit option is deprecated, it may be removed in future releases. Use <a href="basic-search.html#sorting-and-paging-options">cursor-based |
| paging</a> instead.</div> |
| |
| <p>The RQL limiting part specifies which part (or “page”) should be returned of a large search result set.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>limit(<offset>,<count>) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Limits the search results to <code class="highlighter-rouge"><count></code> items, starting with the item at index <code class="highlighter-rouge"><offset></code>.</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>if the paging option is not explicitly specified, the <strong>default</strong> value <code class="highlighter-rouge">limit(0,25)</code> is used, i.e. the first <code class="highlighter-rouge">25</code> results are returned.</li> |
| <li>the <strong>maximum</strong> allowed count is <code class="highlighter-rouge">200</code>.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - return the first ten items</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>limit(0,10) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - return the items 11 to 20</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>limit(10,10) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>i.e. Return the next ten items (from index 11 to 20)</p> |
| |
| <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> <b>Note:</b> We recommend <strong>not to use high offsets</strong> (e.g. higher than 10000) for paging |
| because of potential performance degradations.</div> |
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