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| </ul> |
| </li> |
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| <li class="subfolders"> |
| <a href="#"><span></span>→ Things merge examples</a> |
| <ul> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergething.html">Merge a Thing</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergepolicyid.html">Merge the Policy ID of a Thing</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergeattributes.html">Merge Attributes</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergeattribute.html">Merge a single Attribute</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergethingdefinition.html">Merge a Definition</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergefeatures.html">Merge Features</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergeproperties.html">Merge Feature Properties</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergeproperty.html">Merge a single Property</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergedesiredproperties.html">Merge desired Feature Properties</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-mergedesiredproperty.html">Merge a single desired Property</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-errorresponses.html">Error responses</a></li> |
| |
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| </ul> |
| </li> |
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| <li class="subfolders"> |
| <a href="#"><span></span>→ Policies examples</a> |
| <ul> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-createpolicy.html">Create a Policy</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-deletepolicy.html">Delete a Policy</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievepolicy.html">Retrieve a Policy</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifypolicyentries.html">Modify entries</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievepolicyentries.html">Retrieve entries</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-createpolicyentry.html">Create a single entry</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-deletepolicyentry.html">Delete a single entry</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifypolicyentry.html">Modify a single entry</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievepolicyentry.html">Retrieve a single entry</a></li> |
| |
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| |
| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifysubjects.html">Modify subjects</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievesubjects.html">Retrieve subjects</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-createsubject.html">Create a single subject</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-deletesubject.html">Delete a single subject</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifysubject.html">Modify a single subject</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrievesubject.html">Retrieve a single subject</a></li> |
| |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-modifyresources.html">Modify resources</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrieveresources.html">Retrieve resources</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-createresource.html">Create a single resource</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-deleteresource.html">Delete a single resource</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-retrieveresource.html">Retrieve a single resource</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-errorresponses.html">Error responses</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="protocol-examples-policies-announcement-subjectDeletion.html">Announcement for subject deletion</a></li> |
| |
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| |
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| <div class="post-header"> |
| <h1 class="post-title-main">RQL expressions</h1> |
| </div> |
| |
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| <div class="post-content"> |
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| |
| <p>Ditto utilizes a subset of <a href="#" data-toggle="tooltip" data-original-title="Resource Query Language">RQL</a> |
| as language for specifying queries.</p> |
| |
| <p>The <a href="https://github.com/persvr/rql">RQL project page</a> says about it:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <p>Resource Query Language (RQL) is a query language designed for use in URIs with object style data structures. […]<br /> |
| RQL can be thought as basically a set of nestable named operators which each have a set of arguments. |
| RQL is designed to have an extremely simple, but extensible grammar that can be written in a URL friendly query string.</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <p>An example helps more than a thousand words, so that would be the example of a simple RQL query querying |
| for <code class="highlighter-rouge">foo="ditto"</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">bar<10</code>:</p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>and(eq(foo,"ditto"),lt(bar,10)) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>That query consists of one <a href="#logical-operators">logical operator </a> <a href="#and">“and”</a>, |
| two <a href="#relational-operators">relational operators</a> of which each consists of a <a href="#query-property">property</a> |
| and a <a href="#query-value">value</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>The following sections describe what the RQL syntax is capable of.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="rql-filter">RQL filter</h2> |
| |
| <p>The RQL filter specifies “what” to filter.</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="query-property">Query property</h3> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><property> = url-encoded-string |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>To filter nested properties, Ditto uses the JSON Pointer notation (<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901">RFC-6901</a>).</p> |
| |
| <p>The following example shows how to apply a filter for the sub property location of the parent property attributes with |
| a forward slash as separator:</p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>eq(attributes/location,"kitchen") |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h3 id="query-value">Query value</h3> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><value> = <number>, <string>, true, false, null |
| <number> = double, integer |
| <string> = ", url-encoded-string, " |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Comparison of string values</strong></p> |
| |
| <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> <b>Note:</b> Comparison operators such as <code class="highlighter-rouge">gt</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">ge</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">lt</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">le</code>, do not support a special |
| “semantics” of string comparison (e.g. regarding alphabetical or lexicographical ordering).<br /> |
| However, you can rely on the alphabetical sorting of strings with the same length (e.g. “aaa” < “zzz”) and that the |
| order stays the same over multiple/different filter requests.</div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Comparison of other data types</strong></p> |
| |
| <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> <b>Note:</b> Please note that the comparison of other data types is is supported by the API, but it |
| only supports comparison of same data types, and does not do any conversion during comparison.</div> |
| |
| <h3 id="relational-operators">Relational operators</h3> |
| |
| <p>The following relational operators are supported.</p> |
| |
| <h4 id="eq">eq</h4> |
| <p>Filter property values equal to <code class="highlighter-rouge"><value></code>.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>eq(<property>,<value>) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - filter things owned by “SID123”</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>eq(attributes/owner,"SID123") |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h4 id="ne">ne</h4> |
| <p>Filter property values not equal to <code class="highlighter-rouge"><value></code>.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ne(<property>,<value>) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - filter things with owner different than “SID123”</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ne(attributes/owner,"SID123") |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>The response will contain only things which <strong>do</strong> provide an owner attribute (in this case with value 0 or not SID123).</p> |
| |
| <h4 id="gt">gt</h4> |
| <p>Filter property values greater than a <code class="highlighter-rouge"><value></code>.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>gt(<property>,<value>) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - filter things with thing ID greater than “A000”</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>gt(thingId,"A000") |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h4 id="ge">ge</h4> |
| <p>Filter property values greater than or equal to a <code class="highlighter-rouge"><value></code>.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ge(<property>,<value>) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - filter things with thing ID “A000” or greater</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ge(thingId,"A000") |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h4 id="lt">lt</h4> |
| <p>Filter property values less than a <code class="highlighter-rouge"><value></code>.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>lt(<property>,<value>) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - filter things with thing ID lower than “A000”</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>lt(thingId,"A000") |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h4 id="le">le</h4> |
| <p>Filter property values less than or equal to a <code class="highlighter-rouge"><value></code>.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>le(<property>,<value>) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - filter things with thing ID “A000” or lower</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>le(thingId,"A000") |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h4 id="in">in</h4> |
| <p>Filter property values which contains at least one of the listed <code class="highlighter-rouge"><value></code>s.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>in(<property>,<value>,<value>, ...) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - filter things with thing ID “A000” or “AB00” or “AZ99”</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>in(thingId,"A000","AB00","AZ99") |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h4 id="like">like</h4> |
| <p>Filter property values which are like (similar) a <code class="highlighter-rouge"><value></code>.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>like(<property>,<value>) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Details concerning the like-operator</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>The <code class="highlighter-rouge">like</code> operator provides some regular expression capabilities for pattern matching Strings.<br /> |
| The following expressions are supported:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>*endswith => match at the end of a specific String.</li> |
| <li>startswith* => match at the beginning of a specific String.</li> |
| <li>*contains* => match if contains a specific String.</li> |
| <li>Th?ng => match for a wildcard character.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p><strong>Examples</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>like(attributes/key1,"*known-chars-at-end") |
| |
| like(attributes/key1,"known-chars-at-start*") |
| |
| like(attributes/key1,"*known-chars-in-between*") |
| |
| like(attributes/key1,"just-som?-char?-unkn?wn") |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h4 id="exists">exists</h4> |
| <p>Filter property values which exist.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>exists(<property>) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - filter things which have a feature with ID “feature_1”</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>exists(features/feature_1) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - filter lamps which are located in the “living-room”</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>and(exists(features/lamp),eq(attributes/location,"living-room")) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h3 id="logical-operators">Logical operators</h3> |
| |
| <h4 id="and">and</h4> |
| <p>Ensure that all given queries match.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>and(<query>,<query>, ...) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - filter things which are located on the “upper floor” in the “living-room”</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>and(eq(attributes/floor,"upper floor"),eq(attributes/location,"living-room")) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h4 id="or">or</h4> |
| <p>At least one of the given queries match.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>or(<query>,<query>, ...) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - filter all things located on the “upper floor”, and all things with location “living-room”</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>or(eq(attributes/floor,"upper floor"),eq(attributes/location,"living-room")) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h4 id="not">not</h4> |
| <p>Negates the given query.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>not(<query>) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - filter things whose ID do not start with a common prefix</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>not(like(thingId,"org.eclipse.ditto:blocked*")) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h2 id="rql-sorting">RQL sorting</h2> |
| |
| <p>The RQL sorting part specifies in which order the result should be returned.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sort(<+|-><property>,<+|-><property>,...) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>Use <strong>+</strong> for an ascending sort order (URL encoded character <strong>%2B</strong>)</li> |
| <li>Use <strong>-</strong> for a descending sort order (URL encoded character <strong>%2D</strong>)</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - sort the list ascending by the thing ID</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sort(+thingId) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - sort the list ascending by an attribute</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sort(+attributes/location) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example - multiple sort options</strong></p> |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sort(-attributes/location,+thingId) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>This expression will sort the list descending by location attribute.<br /> |
| In case there are multiple things with the same location attribute, these are sorted ascending by their ID.</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="sorting-of-string-values">Sorting of string values</h3> |
| |
| <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> <b>Note:</b> Sorting does not support a special “semantics” of string comparison (e.g. regarding |
| alphabetical or lexicographical ordering). However, you can rely on the alphabetical sorting of strings with the |
| same length (e.g. “aaa” < “zzz”) and that the order stays the same over multiple/different filter requests.</div> |
| |
| <h3 id="sorting-of-other-values">Sorting of other values</h3> |
| |
| <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> <b>Note:</b> Sorting does not support a special “semantics” of comparison for fields with values of |
| different data types (e.g. numbers vs. strings). However, you can rely on the fact that values of the same type are |
| sorted respectively.</div> |
| |
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