tooldef/index.html - gerrit/www.eclipse.org/escet - Git at Google

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 </head>
 <body class="book toc2 toc-left">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>ToolDef documentation (Incubation)</h1>
 <div class="details">
 <span id="author" class="author">Copyright (c) 2010, 2021 Contributors to the Eclipse Foundation</span><br>
 <span id="revnumber">version 0.1.0.20210305-171633</span>
 </div>
 <div id="toc" class="toc2">
 <div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
 <ul class="sectlevel1">
 <li><a href="#introduction-chapter-index">Introduction</a></li>
 <li><a href="#lang-ref-chapter-index">Language reference</a>
 <ul class="sectlevel2">
 <li><a href="#lang-ref-syntax">Syntax</a>
 <ul class="sectlevel3">
 <li><a href="#lang-ref-syntax-lexical">Lexical syntax</a></li>
 <li><a href="#lang-ref-syntax-grammar">Grammar</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#lang-ref-built-in-tools-and-operators">Built-in tools and operators</a>
 <ul class="sectlevel3">
 <li><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators">Built-in operators</a></li>
 <li><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data">Built-in data tools</a></li>
 <li><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-io">Built-in I/O tools</a></li>
 <li><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-generic">Built-in generic tools</a></li>
 <li><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path">Built-in path tools</a></li>
 <li><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file">Built-in file tools</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#tools-chapter-index">Tooling</a>
 <ul class="sectlevel2">
 <li><a href="#tools-command-line">Command line</a></li>
 <li><a href="#tools-eclipse-ide">Eclipse IDE</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#release-notes-chapter-index">ToolDef release notes</a>
 <ul class="sectlevel2">
 <li><a href="#version-0-1">Version 0.1</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#legal-chapter-index">Legal</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>ToolDef is a cross-platform and machine-independent scripting language.
 It supports command line execution, but is also available as plug-in for
 the <a href="https://eclipse.org">Eclipse</a> IDE, providing an integrated development
 experience.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>ToolDef is one of the tools of the Eclipse ESCET&#8482; project. Visit the
 <a href="https://eclipse.org/escet">project website</a> for downloads,
 installation instructions, source code, general tool usage information,
 information on how to contribute, and more.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="admonitionblock warning">
 <table>
 <tr>
 <td class="icon">
 <i class="fa icon-warning" title="Warning"></i>
 </td>
 <td class="content">
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The Eclipse ESCET project, including the ToolDef language and toolset,
 is currently in the
 <a href="https://wiki.eclipse.org/Development_Resources/Process_Guidelines/What_is_Incubation">Incubation Phase</a>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><span class="image"><img src="./eclipse-incubation.png" alt="eclipse incubation" width="300"></span></p>
 </div>
 </td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 <div class="admonitionblock tip">
 <table>
 <tr>
 <td class="icon">
 <i class="fa icon-tip" title="Tip"></i>
 </td>
 <td class="content">
 You can <a href="eclipse-escet-incubation-tooldef-manual.pdf">download this manual</a>
 as a PDF as well.
 </td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The documentation consists of:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-chapter-index">ToolDef language reference manual</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#tools-chapter-index">ToolDef tool manual</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#release-notes-chapter-index">ToolDef release notes</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#legal-chapter-index">Legal information</a></p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Some screenshots of ToolDef editing and execution:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="imageblock">
 <div class="content">
 <img src="./screenshot_ide.png" alt="screenshot ide">
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="imageblock">
 <div class="content">
 <img src="./screenshot_cmdline.png" alt="screenshot cmdline">
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="introduction-chapter-index">Introduction</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The ToolDef language features the following concepts:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>Simple and intuitive syntax makes it easy to writing scripts.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>A large number of built-in data types, including booleans, integers, longs,
 doubles, strings, lists, sets, maps, tuples, and objects.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Static typing allows to catch simple mistakes.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>The type system is compatible with <a href="http://oracle.com/java">Java</a>,
 allowing easy integration with existing Java code.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>A large library of useful built-in operators and tools, including tools to
 write to the console, to start applications or execute other ToolDef scripts,
 to manipulate paths, to interact with files and directories, and to
 manipulate data of the various supported data types.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Easy to extend with new tools, written in ToolDef itself, or in
 <a href="http://oracle.com/java">Java</a>.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Tools can be parameterized with types.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Tools can be overloaded.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Tools can have optional parameters.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Tools can have a variable number of arguments.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Tool invocations can use both positional and named arguments.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Tools can return a single value, multiple values, or no values at all.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Automatic type widening.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Type declarations allow for reuse.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Value semantics for ease of use.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>The usual imperative statements, including assignments, tool invocation,
 <code>if</code> statement, <code>for</code> statement, <code>while</code> statement, <code>return</code>
 statement, <code>exit</code> statement, <code>break</code> statement, and <code>continue</code>
 statement.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Powerful assignment statement, including partial variable assignment, and
 multi-assignments.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Variable declarations as statements, allowing variables to be declared in
 the middle of scripts, or in scopes, such as in bodies of <code>for</code> statements.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Powerful <code>for</code> statement, allowing tuple unpacking, and iteration over
 values of various data types.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>A powerful import mechanism, allowing reuse of scripts, tools, and code.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>A registered library mechanism, allowing easy importing of libraries of
 tools.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Platform independent path handling, allowing a single script with relative
 paths to be executed on Window, Linux, and Mac OS X.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>For more information, see also the <a href="#lang-ref-chapter-index">language reference</a> documentation.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The ToolDef tooling features:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>Platform and machine independent execution of ToolDef scripts, on Microsoft
 Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Command line execution.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Tight integration with the <a href="https://eclipse.org">Eclipse</a> IDE.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>User-friendly error messages.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>For more information, see also the <a href="#tools-chapter-index">tool</a> documentation.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="lang-ref-chapter-index">Language reference</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The documentation in this language reference manual serves as reference.
 It is not intended to be read from beginning to end, but more to look up
 specific information when needed. The reference documentation generally
 provides detailed and complete information, but this information may not
 always be presented in the most accessible way.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The information is divided into categories. The following categories and
 information is part of the language reference documentation:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Syntax</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-syntax-lexical">Lexical syntax</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-syntax-grammar">Grammar</a></p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Built-in tools and operators</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators">Built-in operators</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data">Built-in data tools</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-io">Built-in I/O tools</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-generic">Built-in generic tools</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path">Built-in path tools</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file">Built-in file tools</a></p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
 <h3 id="lang-ref-syntax">Syntax</h3>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>
 </p>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
 <h4 id="lang-ref-syntax-lexical">Lexical syntax</h4>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>This page describes the ToolDef lexical syntax.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>
 </p>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-keywords">Keywords</h5>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>General</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">as          else        if          map         tool
 bool        end         import      null        true
 break       exit        in          object      tuple
 continue    false       int         return      type
 double      for         list        set         while
 elif        from        long        string</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Operators</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">and         div         mod         not         or</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Built-in data tools</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">abs         enumerate      log         reverse       str
 ceil        floor          lower       round         strdup
 contains    fmt            ltrim       rtrim         subset
 del         indexof        max         size          trim
 delidx      join           min         sorted        upper
 empty       keys           pow         split         values
 endswith    lastindexof    range       sqrt
 entries     ln             replace     startswith</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Built-in I/O tools</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">err         errln       out         outln</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Built-in generic tools</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">app         exec        tooldef</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Built-in path tools</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">abspath     dirname
 basename    fileext
 chdir       hasfileext
 chfileext   pathjoin
 curdir      scriptpath</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Built-in file tools</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">cpdir       filenewer   isfile      readlines
 cpfile      filesize    mkdir       rmdir
 diff        find        mvdir       rmfile
 exists      isdir       mvfile      writefile</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-terminals">Terminals</h5>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Besides the keyword terminals listed above, ToolDef features several other
 terminals:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>


 </p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>IDENTIFIERTK</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>An identifier. Defined by the regular expression:
 <code>[$]?[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*</code>. They thus consist of letters, numbers
 and underscore characters (<code>_</code>). Identifiers may not start with a
 numeric digit. Keywords take priority over identifiers. To use a
 keyword as an identifier, prefix it with a <code>$</code> character.
 The <code>$</code> is not part of the identifier name.</p>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Examples:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">apple       // identifier
 bear        // identifier
 int         // keyword
 $int        // identifier 'int' (override keyword priority with $)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>
 </p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>RELATIVENAMETK</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>A name. Defined by the regular expression:
 <code>[$]?[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*(\.[$]?[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)+</code>.
 It thus consists of two or more <code>IDENTIFIERTK</code> joined together
 with periods (<code>.</code>).</p>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Examples:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">some_library.some_tool</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>


 </p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>NUMBERTK</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>An integer literal. Defined by the regular expression: <code>0|[1-9][0-9]*</code>.
 Integers thus consist of numeric digits. Only for the number <code>0</code> may an
 integer literal start with <code>0</code>. E.g. <code>02</code> is invalid.</p>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Examples:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">0
 1
 123</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>
 </p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>DOUBLETK</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>A double literal. Defined by the regular expression:
 <code>(0|[1-9][0-9]*)(\.[0-9]+|(\.[0-9]+)?[eE][\-\+]?[0-9]+)</code>.
 Simple double literals consist of an integer literal followed by
 a period (<code>.</code>) and some numeric digits. Double literals using scientific
 notation start with either an integer literal or a simple double literal.
 They then contain either an <code>e</code> or <code>E</code>, followed by the exponent.
 The exponent consists of numeric digits, optionally preceded by <code>+</code> or <code>-</code>.</p>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Examples:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">0.0
 1e5
 1E+03
 1.05e-78</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>
 </p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>STRINGTK</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>A string literal. Defined by the regular expression:
 <code>\"([^\\\"\n]|\\[nt\\\"])*\"</code>. String literals are enclosed in double
 quotes (<code>"</code>). String literals must be on a single line and must thus not
 include new line characters (<code>\n</code>, Unicode U+0A). To include a double quote
 (<code>"</code>) in a string literal, it must be escaped as <code>\"</code>. Since a
 backslash (<code>\</code>) serves as escape character, to include a backslash in a string
 literal it must be escaped as <code>\\</code>. To include a tab character in a string
 literal, use <code>\t</code>. To include a newline in a string literal, use <code>\n</code>.</p>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Examples:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">"hello world"
 "first line\nsecond line"</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-whitespace">Whitespace</h5>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>ToolDef supports spaces, tabs, and new line characters as whitespace.
 Whitespace is ignored (except in string literals), but can be used to separate
 tokens as well as for layout purposes. The use of tab characters is allowed,
 but should be avoided if possible, as layout will be different for text
 editors with different tab settings. You may generally format a ToolDef
 script as you see fit, and start on a new line when desired.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Examples:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">// Normal layout.
 int x = 5;

 // Alternative layout.
 int
   x    =
     5
   ;</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>


 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-comments">Comments</h5>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>ToolDef features two types of comments. Single line comments start with
 <code>//</code> and end at end of the line. Multi line comments start with <code>/*</code> and
 end at <code>*/</code>. Comments are ignored.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Examples:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">int x = 5; // Single line comment.

 int /* some comment */ x = /* some
   more comments
   and some more
  end of the multi line comment */ 5;</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
 <h4 id="lang-ref-syntax-grammar">Grammar</h4>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Below, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_grammar">grammar</a> of the
 ToolDef language is shown, in a form closely resembling
 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backus%E2%80%93Naur_Form">Backus-Naur Form</a>
 (BNF). The <code>Script</code>
 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonterminal_symbol">non-terminal</a> is the
 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start_symbol_(formal_languages)">start symbol</a>
 of the grammar. Text between quotes are terminals. Names using only upper case
 letters are defined in the <a href="#lang-ref-syntax-lexical">lexical syntax</a>. The
 remaining names are the non-terminals of the grammar.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-bnf" data-lang="bnf">Script : /* empty */
        | Decls
        ;

 Decls : Decl
       | Decls Decl
       ;

 Decl : Import
      | "type" TypeDecls ";"
      | "tool" IDENTIFIERTK OptTypeParams ToolParameters ":" OptStatements "end"
      | "tool" Types IDENTIFIERTK OptTypeParams ToolParameters ":" OptStatements "end"
      | Statement
      ;

 Import : "import" STRINGTK ";"
        | "import" STRINGTK "as" IDENTIFIERTK ";"
        | "import" Name ";"
        | "import" Name "as" IDENTIFIERTK ";"
        | "import" Name ":" Name ";"
        | "import" Name ":" Name "as" IDENTIFIERTK ";"
        | "from" STRINGTK "import" ImportParts ";"
        ;

 ImportParts : "*"
             | IDENTIFIERTK
             | IDENTIFIERTK "as" IDENTIFIERTK
             | ImportParts "," "*"
             | ImportParts "," IDENTIFIERTK
             | ImportParts "," IDENTIFIERTK "as" IDENTIFIERTK
             ;

 TypeDecls : TypeDecl
           | TypeDecls "," TypeDecl
           ;

 TypeDecl : IDENTIFIERTK "=" Type
          ;

 OptTypeParams : /* empty */
               | "&lt;" Names "&gt;"
               ;

 ToolParameters : "(" ")"
                | "(" ToolParams ")"
                ;

 ToolParams : Type ToolParam
            | Type "..." ToolParam
            | ToolParams "," Type ToolParam
            | ToolParams "," Type "..." ToolParam
            ;

 ToolParam : IDENTIFIERTK
           | IDENTIFIERTK "=" Expression
           ;

 OptStatements : /* empty */
               | OptStatements Statement
               ;

 Statement : Type VarDecls ";"
           | "while" Expression ":" OptStatements "end"
           | "while" Expression "::" Statement
           | "for" AddressableDecls "in" Expression ":" OptStatements "end"
           | "for" AddressableDecls "in" Expression "::" Statement
           | "if" Expression ":" OptStatements OptElifStatements OptElseStatement "end"
           | "if" Expression "::" Statement
           | "break" ";"
           | "continue" ";"
           | Addressables "=" Expressions ";"
           | "return" ";"
           | "return" Expressions ";"
           | ToolInvokeExpression ";"
           | "exit" ";"
           | "exit" Expression ";"
           ;

 VarDecls : VarDecl
          | VarDecls "," VarDecl
          ;

 VarDecl : IDENTIFIERTK
         | IDENTIFIERTK "=" Expression
         ;

 OptElifStatements : /* empty */
                   | OptElifStatements "elif" Expression ":" OptStatements
                   ;

 OptElseStatement : /* empty */
                  | "else" OptStatements
                  ;

 AddressableDecls : AddressableDecl
                  | AddressableDecls "," AddressableDecl
                  ;

 AddressableDecl : IDENTIFIERTK
                 | "(" AddressableDecl "," AddressableDecls ")"
                 ;

 Addressables : Addressable
              | Addressables "," Addressable
              ;

 Addressable : IDENTIFIERTK
             | IDENTIFIERTK Projections
             | "(" Addressable "," Addressables ")"
             ;

 Projections : Projection
             | Projections Projection
             ;

 Projection : "[" Expression "]"
            ;

 Types : Type
       | Types "," Type
       ;

 Type : "bool"
      | "bool" "?"
      | "int"
      | "int" "?"
      | "long"
      | "long" "?"
      | "double"
      | "double" "?"
      | "string"
      | "string" "?"
      | "list" Type
      | "list" "?" Type
      | "set" Type
      | "set" "?" Type
      | "map" "(" Type ":" Type ")"
      | "map" "?" "(" Type ":" Type ")"
      | "tuple" "(" Type "," Types ")"
      | "tuple" "?" "(" Type "," Types ")"
      | "object"
      | "object" "?"
      | Name
      ;

 Expressions : Expression
             | Expressions "," Expression
             ;

 OptExpression : /* empty */
               | Expression
               ;

 Expression : AndExpression
            | Expression "or" AndExpression
            ;

 AndExpression : CompareExpression
               | AndExpression "and" CompareExpression
               ;

 CompareExpression : AddExpression
                   | CompareExpression "&lt;" AddExpression
                   | CompareExpression "&lt;=" AddExpression
                   | CompareExpression "==" AddExpression
                   | CompareExpression "!=" AddExpression
                   | CompareExpression "&gt;=" AddExpression
                   | CompareExpression "&gt;" AddExpression
                   ;

 AddExpression : MulExpression
               | AddExpression "-" MulExpression
               | AddExpression "+" MulExpression
               ;

 MulExpression : UnaryExpression
               | MulExpression "*" UnaryExpression
               | MulExpression "/" UnaryExpression
               | MulExpression "div" UnaryExpression
               | MulExpression "mod" UnaryExpression
               ;

 UnaryExpression : ProjExpression
                 | "-" UnaryExpression
                 | "+" UnaryExpression
                 | "not" UnaryExpression
                 ;

 ProjExpression : ExpressionFactor
                | ProjExpression "[" Expression "]"
                | ProjExpression "[" OptExpression ":" OptExpression "]"
                ;

 ExpressionFactor : "true"
                  | "false"
                  | NUMBERTK
                  | DOUBLETK
                  | "null"
                  | STRINGTK
                  | "&lt;" Type "&gt;" ExpressionFactor
                  | "[" "]"
                  | "[" Expressions OptComma "]"
                  | "{" "}"
                  | "{" Expressions OptComma "}"
                  | "{" MapEntries OptComma "}"
                  | "(" Expression "," Expressions OptComma ")"
                  | "(" Expression ")"
                  | ToolInvokeExpression
                  | Name
                  ;

 MapEntries : Expression ":" Expression
            | MapEntries "," Expression ":" Expression
            ;

 ToolInvokeExpression : ToolRef "(" ToolArgs OptComma ")"
                      | ToolRef "(" ")"
                      ;

 ToolRef : BuiltInTool
         | Name
         ;

 BuiltInTool : BuiltInIoTool
             | BuiltInGenericTool
             | BuiltInPathTool
             | BuiltInFileTool
             | BuiltInDataTool
             ;

 ToolArgs : Expression
          | IDENTIFIERTK "=" Expression
          | ToolArgs "," Expression
          | ToolArgs "," IDENTIFIERTK "=" Expression
          ;

 Names : Name
       | Names "," Name
       ;

 Name : IDENTIFIERTK
      | RELATIVENAMETK
      ;

 OptComma : /* empty */
          | ","
          ;

 BuiltInIoTool : "err"
               | "errln"
               | "out"
               | "outln"
               ;

 BuiltInGenericTool : "app"
                    | "exec"
                    | "tooldef"
                    ;

 BuiltInPathTool : "abspath"
                 | "basename"
                 | "chdir"
                 | "chfileext"
                 | "curdir"
                 | "dirname"
                 | "fileext"
                 | "hasfileext"
                 | "pathjoin"
                 | "scriptpath"
                 ;

 BuiltInFileTool : "cpdir"
                 | "cpfile"
                 | "diff"
                 | "exists"
                 | "filenewer"
                 | "filesize"
                 | "find"
                 | "isdir"
                 | "isfile"
                 | "mkdir"
                 | "mvdir"
                 | "mvfile"
                 | "readlines"
                 | "rmdir"
                 | "rmfile"
                 | "writefile"
                 ;

 BuiltInDataTool : "abs"
                 | "ceil"
                 | "contains"
                 | "del"
                 | "delidx"
                 | "empty"
                 | "endswith"
                 | "entries"
                 | "enumerate"
                 | "floor"
                 | "fmt"
                 | "indexof"
                 | "join"
                 | "keys"
                 | "lastindexof"
                 | "ln"
                 | "log"
                 | "lower"
                 | "ltrim"
                 | "max"
                 | "min"
                 | "pow"
                 | "range"
                 | "replace"
                 | "reverse"
                 | "round"
                 | "rtrim"
                 | "size"
                 | "sorted"
                 | "split"
                 | "sqrt"
                 | "startswith"
                 | "str"
                 | "strdup"
                 | "subset"
                 | "trim"
                 | "upper"
                 | "values"
                 ;</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
 <h3 id="lang-ref-built-in-tools-and-operators">Built-in tools and operators</h3>
 <div class="sect3">
 <h4 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators">Built-in operators</h4>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>This page describes the built-in operators:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-not">not</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-and">and</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-or">or</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-plus-unary">+ (unary)</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-dash-unary">- (unary)</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-plus-binary">+ (binary)</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-dash-binary">- (binary)</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-star">*</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-slash">/</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-div">div</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-mod">mod</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-lt">&lt;</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-le">&lt;=</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-gt">></a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-ge">>=</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-eq">==</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-operators-ne">!=</a></p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The signatures of the operators are given using tool headers, to show the name
 of the operator, the types of the arguments, and the type of the resulting
 value. Operators however, can not be used by means of tool invocations.
 Operators with one argument are put directly before the argument (e.g.
 <code>not true</code>, <code>-5</code>), while operators with two arguments are put between the
 arguments (e.g. <code>true and false</code>, <code>1 + 3</code>).</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-not">not operator</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool not(bool arg)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the logical inverse of a boolean value.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>arg</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The boolean value.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The logical inverse result.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-and">and operator</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool  and(bool left, bool right)
 tool set T and&lt;T&gt;(set T left, set T right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the conjunction of two boolean values, or the intersection of two sets.
 For boolean values, the operator uses short circuit evaluation. That is, the
 <code>right</code> argument is only evaluated if necessary, i.e. only if the <code>left</code>
 argument evaluates to <code>true</code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the set.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first boolean value or set.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second boolean value or set.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The conjunction or intersection result.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-or">or operator</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool  or(bool left, bool right)
 tool set T or&lt;T&gt;(set T left, set T right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the disjunction of two boolean values, or the union of two sets.
 For boolean values, the operator uses short circuit evaluation. That is, the
 <code>right</code> argument is only evaluated if necessary, i.e. only if the <code>left</code>
 argument evaluates to <code>false</code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the set.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first boolean value or set.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second boolean value or set.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The disjunction or union result.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-plus-unary">+ operator (unary)</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int    +(int arg)
 tool long   +(long arg)
 tool double +(double arg)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the unary plus of an integer, long, or double value. This is
 essentially the
 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_function">identity function</a>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>arg</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The integer, long, or double value.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The integer, long, or double value.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-plus-binary">+ operator (binary)</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int      +(int left, int right)
 tool long     +(long left, long right)
 tool double   +(double left, double right)
 tool string   +(string left, string right)
 tool list T   +&lt;T&gt;(list T left, list T right)
 tool map(K:V) +&lt;K, V&gt;(map(K:V) left, map(K:V) right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the addition of two integer, long, or double numbers, the concatenation
 of two strings or lists, or the update of a first map with the entries of a
 second map. For two maps, essentially, the entries of the first map are
 overwritten by the entries of the second map, while entries for new keys are
 added.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>K</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the keys of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>V</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the values of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first integer, long, or double number, string, list, or map.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second integer, long, or double number, string, list, or map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The addition, concatenation, or map update result.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the operation results in overflow (for integer, long, and double numbers
 only).</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-dash-unary">- operator (unary)</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int    -(int arg)
 tool long   -(long arg)
 tool double -(double arg)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the negation of an integer, long, or double value.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>arg</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The integer, long, or double value.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The negation result.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the operation results in overflow.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-dash-binary">- operator (binary)</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int      -(int left, int right)
 tool long     -(long left, long right)
 tool double   -(double left, double right)
 tool set T    -&lt;T&gt;(set T left, set T right)
 tool map(K:V) -&lt;K, V&gt;(map(K:V) left, list K right)
 tool map(K:V) -&lt;K, V&gt;(map(K:V) left, set K right)
 tool map(K:V) -&lt;K, V, V2&gt;(map(K:V) left, map(K:V2) right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the subtraction of two integer, long, or double numbers, the set
 difference of two sets, the map with the keys from the list removed from it,
 the map with the keys from the set removed from it, or the first map with the
 keys from the second map removed from it.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>K</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the keys of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>V</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the values of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first integer, long, or double number, the first set, or the (first) map.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second integer, long, or double number, the (second) set, the list, or
 the second map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The subtraction, set difference, or map removal result.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the operation results in overflow (for integer, long, and double numbers
 only).</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-star">* operator</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int    *(int left, int right)
 tool long   *(long left, long right)
 tool double *(double left, double right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the multiplication of two integer, long, or double numbers.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The multiplication result.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the operation results in overflow.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-slash">/ operator</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool double /(double left, double right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the division of two double numbers.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first double number.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The division result.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the operation results in overflow or division by zero.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-div">div operator</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int  div(int left, int right)
 tool long div(long left, long right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the integer division of two integer or long numbers.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first integer or long number.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second integer or long number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The integer division result.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the operation results in overflow or division by zero.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-mod">mod operator</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int  mod(int left, int right)
 tool long mod(long left, long right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the modulus of two integer or long numbers.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first integer or long number.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second integer or long number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The modulus result.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the operation results in division by zero.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-lt">&lt; operator</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool &lt;(int left, int right)
 tool bool &lt;(long left, long right)
 tool bool &lt;(double left, double right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns whether the first integer, long, or double number is less than the
 second integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the first number is less than the second number, <code>false</code>
 otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-le">&lt;= operator</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool &lt;=(int left, int right)
 tool bool &lt;=(long left, long right)
 tool bool &lt;=(double left, double right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns whether the first integer, long, or double number is less than or equal
 to the second integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the first number is less than or equal to the second number,
 <code>false</code> otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-gt">> operator</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool &gt;(int left, int right)
 tool bool &gt;(long left, long right)
 tool bool &gt;(double left, double right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns whether the first integer, long, or double number is greater than the
 second integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the first number is greater than the second number, <code>false</code>
 otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-ge">>= operator</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool &gt;=(int left, int right)
 tool bool &gt;=(long left, long right)
 tool bool &gt;=(double left, double right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns whether the first integer, long, or double number is greater than or
 equal to the second integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the first number is greater than or equal to the second number,
 <code>false</code> otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-eq">== operator</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool ==&lt;T&gt;(T left, T right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns whether the first value is equal to the second value.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the values.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first value. May be <code>null</code>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second value. May be <code>null</code>.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the first value is equal to the second value, <code>false</code> otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-operators-ne">!= operator</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool !=&lt;T&gt;(T left, T right)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns whether the first value is unequal to the second value.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the values.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Arguments</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>left</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first value. May be <code>null</code>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>right</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second value. May be <code>null</code>.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the first value is unequal to the second value, <code>false</code>
 otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
 <h4 id="lang-ref-builtins-data">Built-in data tools</h4>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>This page describes the built-in data tools:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-abs">abs</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-ceil">ceil</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-contains">contains</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-del">del</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-delidx">delidx</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-empty">empty</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-endswith">endswith</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-entries">entries</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-enumerate">enumerate</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-floor">floor</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-fmt">fmt</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-indexof">indexof</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-join">join</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-keys">keys</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-lastindexof">lastindexof</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-ln">ln</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-log">log</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-lower">lower</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-ltrim">ltrim</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-max">max</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-min">min</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-pow">pow</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-range">range</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-replace">replace</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-reverse">reverse</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-round">round</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-rtrim">rtrim</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-size">size</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-sorted">sorted</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-split">split</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-sqrt">sqrt</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-startswith">startswith</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-str">str</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-strdup">strdup</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-subset">subset</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-trim">trim</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-upper">upper</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-values">values</a></p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-abs">abs tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int    abs(int x)
 tool long   abs(long x)
 tool double abs(double x)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the absolute value of an integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>x</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The integer, long, or double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The absolute value.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the operation results in overflow (for integer and long numbers only).</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-ceil">ceil tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool long ceil(double x)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the given double number rounded to a whole long number, towards
 positive infinity.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>x</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The double number rounded to a whole long number, towards positive infinity.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the operation results in overflow.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-contains">contains tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool contains(string whole, string part)
 tool bool contains&lt;T&gt;(list T $list, T elem)
 tool bool contains&lt;T&gt;(set T $set, T elem)
 tool bool contains&lt;K,V&gt;(map(K:V) $map, K key)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns whether a given string is contained in another given string, a given
 value is contained in a given list, a given value is contained in a given set,
 or a given value is a key of a given map.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list or set.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>K</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the keys of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>V</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the values of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>whole</code>, <code>list</code>, <code>set</code>, <code>map</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The whole string, the list, the set, or the map.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>part</code>, <code>elem</code>, <code>key</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The part string (potentially contained in the whole string), or the value
 (potential element of the list or set, or potential key of the map).</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the part string is contained in the whole string, if the value is
 contained in the list, if the value is contained in the set, or if the value is
 a key of the map, <code>false</code> otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-del">del tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool list T   del&lt;T&gt;(list T $list, T elem)
 tool set T    del&lt;T&gt;(set T $set, T elem)
 tool map(K:V) del&lt;K,V&gt;(map(K:V) $map, K key)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the given list with all occurrences of the given element removed from
 it, the given set with the given element removed from it, or the given map
 with the given entry with the given key removed from it. If the element or key
 does not exist, the list, set or map is returned unmodified.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list or set.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>K</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the keys of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>V</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the values of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>list</code>, <code>set</code>, <code>map</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The list, set, or map.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>elem</code>, <code>key</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The element or key to remove. May be <code>null</code>.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The list with all occurrences of the element removed from it, the set with the
 element removed from it, or the map with the entry with the given key removed
 from it.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-delidx">delidx tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool list T delidx&lt;T&gt;(list T $list, int index)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Removes an element from a list, and returns the list without that element.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>list</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The list.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>index</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The 0-based index into the list of the element to remove. Negative indices
 are allowed, and count from the right.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The list with the element removed from it.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the index is out of bounds for the list.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-empty">empty tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool empty(string x)
 tool bool empty&lt;T&gt;(list T x)
 tool bool empty&lt;T&gt;(set T x)
 tool bool empty&lt;K,V&gt;(map(K:V) x)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns whether a given string, list, set, or map is empty (no characters,
 elements, or entries).</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list or set.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>K</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the keys of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>V</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the values of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>x</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The string, list, set, or map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the given string, list, set, or map is empty, <code>false</code> otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-endswith">endswith tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool endswith(string whole, string suffix)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns whether the first given string ends with the second given string. For
 an empty suffix, always returns <code>true</code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>whole</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first given string.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>suffix</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second given string.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the first given string ends with the second given string, <code>false</code>
 otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-entries">entries tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool list tuple(K, V) entries&lt;K,V&gt;(map(K:V) $map)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns a list with 2-tuples of keys and values for all entries of the given
 map.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>K</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the keys of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>V</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the values of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>map</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The list with 2-tuples of keys and values for all entries of the given map.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-enumerate">enumerate tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool list tuple(int, T) enumerate&lt;T&gt;(list T $list)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns a list with 2-tuples of 0-based indices and elements for all elements
 of the given list.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>list</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The list.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The list with 2-tuples of 0-based indices and elements for all elements of the
 given list.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-floor">floor tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool long floor(double x)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the given double number rounded to a whole long number, towards
 negative infinity.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>x</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The double number rounded to a whole long number, towards negative infinity.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the operation results in overflow.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-fmt">fmt tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string fmt(string pattern, object?... args)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Formats a text based on a pattern and arguments.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>See also the <a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-str">str</a> tool, as <code>str(value)</code> is
 equal to <code>fmt("%s", value)</code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>pattern</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The format pattern.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>args</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The arguments.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The formatted text.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the format pattern is invalid.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the format pattern and arguments don&#8217;t match.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-indexof">indexof tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int indexof(string whole, string part)
 tool int indexof(string whole, string part, int offset)
 tool int indexof&lt;T&gt;(list T $list, T elem)
 tool int indexof&lt;T&gt;(list T $list, T elem, int offset)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the 0-based index of the first occurrence of the second given string
 or value, in the first given string or list. The tool looks for an occurrence
 from left to right of the first given string or elements of the first given
 list. If an offset is given, the tool only looks for an occurrence at or after
 that 0-based offset. If no offset is not given, the tool starts looking at the
 first (left most) character or list element.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns <code>-1</code> if the second given string or value doesn&#8217;t occur in the first
 given string or list, at or after the 0-based offset if given, or at all if
 no offset is given. For an empty second string, always returns <code>0</code> if no
 offset is given. For an empty second string, if an offset is given, always
 returns the offset, unless there is no character at the given offset, in which
 <code>-1</code> is always returned.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>whole</code>, <code>list</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first given string, or the list.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>part</code>, <code>elem</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second given string, or the value.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>offset</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The optional 0-based offset.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The 0-based index of the first occurrence, at or after the given offset if
 given, or <code>-1</code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-join">join tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string join(string... texts)
 tool string join(list string texts)
 tool string join(list string texts, string separator)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the given texts joined together. They can be joined without any
 separator, or using a given separator.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>texts</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The texts to join.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>separator</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The optional separator text to use.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The joined texts.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-keys">keys tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool set K keys&lt;K,V&gt;(map(K:V) $map)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns a set with the keys of the given map.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>K</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the keys of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>V</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the values of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>map</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The set with the keys of the map.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-lastindexof">lastindexof tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int lastindexof(string whole, string part)
 tool int lastindexof(string whole, string part, int offset)
 tool int lastindexof&lt;T&gt;(list T $list, T elem)
 tool int lastindexof&lt;T&gt;(list T $list, T elem, int offset)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the 0-based index of the last occurrence of the second given string
 or value, in the first given string or list. The tool looks for an occurrence
 from left to right of the first given string or elements of the first given
 list. If an offset is given, the tool only looks for an occurrence at or before
 that 0-based offset. If no offset is not given, the tool starts looking at the
 first (left most) character or list element.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns <code>-1</code> if the second given string or value doesn&#8217;t occur in the first
 given string or list, at or before the 0-based offset if given, or at all if
 no offset is given. For an empty second string, always returns the size of the
 first given string, if no offset is given. For an empty second string, if an
 offset is given, always returns the offset, unless there is no character at the
 given offset, in which <code>-1</code> is always returned.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>whole</code>, <code>list</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first given string, or the list.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>part</code>, <code>elem</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second given string, or the value.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>offset</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The optional 0-based offset.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The 0-based index of the last occurrence, at or before the given offset if
 given, or <code>-1</code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-ln">ln tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool double ln(double x)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the natural logarithm of a double number.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>x</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The natural logarithm of the double number.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the double number is not positive.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-log">log tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool double log(double x)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the logarithm (base 10) of a double number.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>x</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The logarithm (base 10) of the double number.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the double number is not positive.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-lower">lower tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string lower(string text)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the given text, converted to lower case. Uses a US English locale.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>text</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The text.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The text, in lower case.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-ltrim">ltrim tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string ltrim(string text)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the given text with whitespace at the left/start of the text removed.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>text</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The text.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The text with whitespace at the left/start of the text removed.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-max">max tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int    max(int... x)
 tool long   max(long... x)
 tool double max(double... x)
 tool int    max(list int x)
 tool long   max(list long x)
 tool double max(list double x)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the maximum of some integer, long, or double numbers. If no numbers are
 given, the minimum representable finite integer, long, or double value is
 returned.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>x</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The integer, long, or double numbers.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The maximum number.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-min">min tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int    min(int... x)
 tool long   min(long... x)
 tool double min(double... x)
 tool int    min(list int x)
 tool long   min(list long x)
 tool double min(list double x)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the minimum of some integer, long, or double numbers. If no numbers are
 given, the maximum representable finite integer, long, or double value is
 returned.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>x</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The integer, long, or double numbers.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The minimum number.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-pow">pow tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool double pow(double base, double exponent)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the exponentiation (power) of two double numbers.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>base</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The base double number.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>exponent</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The exponent double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The exponentiation result.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the operation results in double overflow, or <code>NaN</code>.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-range">range tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool list int range(int count)
 tool list int range(int begin, int $end)
 tool list int range&lt;T&gt;(list T $list)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns a list of numbers representing the range <code>[0..count-1]</code>,
 <code>[begin..end]</code>, or <code>[0..size(list)-1]</code>. That is, for <code>count</code> = <code>5</code> the
 list <code>[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]</code> is returned, for <code>begin</code> = <code>-3</code> and <code>end</code> =
 <code>2</code> the list <code>[-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2]</code> is returned, and for a <code>list</code> with
 <code>5</code> elements the list <code>[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]</code> is returned.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>count</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The number of elements in the resulting list. Negative counts are treated as
 zero.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>begin</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The lower bound of the range.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>end</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The upper bound of the range.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>list</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The list.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The range <code>[0..count-1]</code>, <code>[begin..end]</code>, or <code>[0..size(list)-1]</code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-replace">replace tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string replace(string text, string oldtext, string newtext)
 tool list T replace&lt;T&gt;(list T $list, T oldelem, T newelem)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the string or list with old sub strings or elements replaced by new
 text or elements. For strings, the replacement proceeds from the beginning of
 the string to the end. That is, replacing <code>"aa"</code> with <code>"b"</code> in the string
 <code>"aaa"</code> will result in <code>"ba"</code> rather than <code>"ab"</code>. For lists, the
 replacement is performed for all matching old elements.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>text</code>, <code>list</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The text (string) or list in which to replace text or elements.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>oldtext</code>, <code>oldelem</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The text (sub string) or element to replace. For list elements, it may be
 <code>null</code>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>newtext</code>, <code>newelem</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The replacement text or element. For list elements, it may be <code>null</code>.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The text or list with all replacements applied.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-reverse">reverse tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string reverse(string text)
 tool list T reverse&lt;T&gt;(list T $list)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the reverse of the given string or list.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>text</code>, <code>list</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The string or list.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The reverse string or list.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-round">round tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool long round(double x)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the given double number rounded to the closest whole long number, with
 ties being rounded toward positive infinity.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>x</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The rounded number.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the operation results in overflow.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-rtrim">rtrim tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string rtrim(string text)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the given text with whitespace at the right/end of the text removed.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>text</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The text.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The text with whitespace at the right/end of the text removed.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-size">size tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int size(string x)
 tool int size&lt;T&gt;(list T x)
 tool int size&lt;T&gt;(set T x)
 tool int size&lt;K,V&gt;(map(K:V) x)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the size (number of characters, elements, or entries) of the given
 string, list, set, or map.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list or set.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>K</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the keys of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>V</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the values of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>x</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The string, list, set, or map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The size.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-sorted">sorted tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool list T sorted&lt;T&gt;(list T $list)
 tool list T sorted&lt;T&gt;(set T $set)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the given list, or the given set as a list, with the elements sorted in
 ascending order.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the list or set.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>list</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The list.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>set</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The set.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The sorted list.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-split">split tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool list string split(string text, string? separator = null, bool removeEmpty = true)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Splits the given text at all non-overlapping occurrences of the given
 separator.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>text</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The text to split.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>separator</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The separator text. May be empty or <code>null</code> to split on whitespace.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>removeEmpty</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to remove empty parts (in case the text starts or ends with the
 separator, or in case the text contains consecutive separators), or not.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The parts of the original text resulting from splitting the original text at
 the separators.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-sqrt">sqrt tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool double sqrt(double x)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the square root of a double number.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>x</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The double number.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The square root.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the double number is negative.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-startswith">startswith tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool startswith(string whole, string prefix)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns whether the first given string starts with the second given string. For
 an empty prefix, always returns <code>true</code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>whole</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first given string.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>prefix</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second given string.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the first given string starts with the second given string,
 <code>false</code> otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-str">str tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string str(object? value)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Converts the given value into a textual representation, closely resembling the
 ToolDef syntax.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Values of type <code>string</code> as returned as provided. Values of type <code>string</code>
 included in containers such as lists are escaped and surrounded by double
 quotes, as in the ToolDef syntax.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>See also the <a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-fmt">fmt</a> tool, as <code>str(value)</code> is
 equal to <code>fmt("%s", value)</code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>value</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The value to convert to a textual representation.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The textual representation.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-strdup">strdup tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string strdup(string text, int count)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Duplicates a string a given number of times.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>text</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The string to duplicate.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>count</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The number of times that the input string should occur in the output.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The concatenation of <code>count</code> times the <code>text</code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the count is negative.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-subset">subset tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool subset&lt;T&gt;(set T part, set T whole)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns whether the first given set is a subset (proper subset or equal) of the
 second given set.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>T</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the elements of the sets.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>part</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The first set.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>whole</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The second set.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the first given set is a subset of the second given set, <code>false</code>
 otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-trim">trim tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string trim(string text)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the given text with whitespace at the left/start and right/end of the
 text removed.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>text</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The text.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The text with whitespace at the left/start and right/end of the text removed.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-upper">upper tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string upper(string text)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the given text, converted to upper case. Uses a US English locale.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>text</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The text.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The text, in upper case.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-data-values">values tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool set V values&lt;K,V&gt;(map(K:V) $map)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns a set with the values of the given map.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Type parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>K</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the keys of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>V</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The type of the values of the map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>map</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The map.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The set with the values of the map.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
 <h4 id="lang-ref-builtins-io">Built-in I/O tools</h4>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>This page describes the built-in I/O tools:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-io-out">out</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-io-err">err</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-io-outln">outln</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-io-errln">errln</a></p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-io-out">out tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool out(string pattern, object?... args)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Prints <a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-fmt">formatted text</a> (based on a
 pattern and arguments) to the standard output stream (stdout).</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>pattern</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The format pattern.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>args</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The arguments.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the format pattern is invalid.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the format pattern and arguments don&#8217;t match.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-io-err">err tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool err(string pattern, object?... args)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Prints <a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-fmt">formatted text</a> (based on a
 pattern and arguments) to the standard error stream (stderr).</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>pattern</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The format pattern.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>args</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The arguments.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the format pattern is invalid.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the format pattern and arguments don&#8217;t match.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-io-outln">outln tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool outln(string pattern = "", object?... args)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Prints <a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-fmt">formatted text</a> (based on a
 pattern and arguments) to the standard output stream (stdout), printing an
 additional new line at the end.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>pattern</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The format pattern.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>args</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The arguments.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the format pattern is invalid.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the format pattern and arguments don&#8217;t match.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-io-errln">errln tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool errln(string pattern = "", object?... args)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Prints <a href="#lang-ref-builtins-data-fmt">formatted text</a> (based on a
 pattern and arguments) to the standard error stream (stderr), printing an
 additional new line at the end.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>pattern</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The format pattern.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>args</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The arguments.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the format pattern is invalid.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the format pattern and arguments don&#8217;t match.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
 <h4 id="lang-ref-builtins-generic">Built-in generic tools</h4>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>This page describes the built-in generic tools:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-generic-app">app</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-generic-exec">exec</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-generic-tooldef">tooldef</a></p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-generic-app">app tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int app(string? plugin, string classname, string... args,        string stdin = "-", string stdout = "-", string stderr = "-", bool appendOut = false, bool appendErr = false, bool errToOut = false, bool ignoreNonZeroExitCode = false)
 tool int app(string? plugin, string classname, list string args = [], string stdin = "-", string stdout = "-", string stderr = "-", bool appendOut = false, bool appendErr = false, bool errToOut = false, bool ignoreNonZeroExitCode = false)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Executes an application framework application.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The application is specified as a Java class that extends the
 <code>org.eclipse.escet.common.app.framework.Application</code> class. It should have a constructor
 that accepts one parameter, of type <code>org.eclipse.escet.common.app.framework.io.AppStreams</code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The application is started within the current Java interpreter, in a new
 thread. If executed from Eclipse, the class is loaded using the class loader
 of the given bundle (if provided), otherwise, it is loaded using the default
 class loader. In the latter case, the class should be in the class path.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Note that this tool is only machine independent and platform independent, as
 long as the applications that are executed, are machine independent and
 platform independent as well.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>plugin</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The name of the plug-in (OSGi bundle) in which to resolve the application
 class. If the Java application is executed from Eclipse, then the class is
 loaded by the class loader of this bundle, otherwise it is resolved using the
 default class loader. May be <code>null</code> to always use the default class loader.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>classname</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute name of the Java class to execute as application.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>args</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The command line arguments of the application to execute. Each argument
 string is parsed to zero or more actual arguments. It is possible to use a
 single string with all arguments (where the arguments themselves are
 separated by spaces), comma separated strings for each of the arguments (each
 string has one argument), or a mix of those.</p>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>In argument strings, individual arguments are separated by whitespace
 (spaces, tabs, new lines, etc). The whitespace itself is ignored, and only
 serves as separation. To include whitespace in an argument, the argument (or
 a part of it), may be quoted, by putting it between double quotes (<code>"</code>) or
 single quotes (<code>'</code>). Characters may be escaped by prefixing them with a
 backslash (<code>\</code>). This is particularly useful for single/double quotes, and
 escape characters, and can also be used to escape spaces. Escapes work the
 same inside of quoted parts as they do outside of quoted parts.</p>
 </div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>stdin</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Specify whether to have a standard input (stdin) stream and where the input
 comes from. Use <code>""</code> to not have a stdin stream, <code>"-"</code> to use the stdin
 stream of the ToolDef interpreter, or otherwise an absolute or relative local
 file system path of the file from which to read the standard input. May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>stdout</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Specify whether to have a standard output (stdout) stream and where to write
 the standard output. Use <code>""</code> to not have a stdout stream, <code>"-"</code> to use
 the stdout stream of the ToolDef interpreter, or otherwise an absolute or
 relative local file system path of the file to which to write the standard
 output. May contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>stderr</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Specify whether to have a standard error (stderr) stream and where to write
 the standard error output. Use <code>""</code> to not have a stderr stream, <code>"-"</code>
 to use the stderr stream of the ToolDef interpreter, or otherwise an absolute
 or relative local file system path of the file to which to write the standard
 error output. May contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators. Is ignored
 when the standard error stream is redirected to the standard output stream.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>appendOut</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to append to the stdout file (<code>true</code>) or overwrite it (<code>false</code>).
 Is ignored when standard output is not written to a file.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>appendErr</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to append to the stderr file (<code>true</code>) or overwrite it (<code>false</code>).
 Is ignored if standard error output is not written to a file. Is also ignored
 when standard error stream is redirected to the standard output stream.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>errToOut</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to redirect the standard error stream to the standard output stream
 (<code>true</code>) or use separate streams (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>ignoreNonZeroExitCode</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to ignore non-zero exit codes (<code>true</code>) or consider them as errors
 (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The application exit code. See the application framework documentation for a
 description of the exit codes.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the class loader can not be obtained.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the class can not be found or loaded.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the class is not an application framework application.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If an appropriate constructor is not available.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If an instance of the application class can not be constructed.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If parsing of the command line arguments fails.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the application fails to execute due to its thread being interrupted.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the application exits with a non-zero exit code and non-zero exit codes
 are not ignored.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-generic-exec">exec tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int exec(string cmd, string... args,        string stdin = "", string stdout = "-", string stderr = "-", bool appendOut = false, bool appendErr = false, bool errToOut = false, bool ignoreNonZeroExitCode = false)
 tool int exec(string cmd, list string args = [], string stdin = "", string stdout = "-", string stderr = "-", bool appendOut = false, bool appendErr = false, bool errToOut = false, bool ignoreNonZeroExitCode = false)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Executes a system command or external application as a sub process.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>This tool should be avoided if possible, as it is in general not guaranteed to
 be cross platform and machine independent. Commands and external applications
 may not be available on all systems, or may have different behavior on
 different systems.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>cmd</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The name of the command or the absolute or relative local file system path of
 the external application to execute, using platform specific new line
 characters.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>args</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The command line arguments of the command or external application to execute.
 Each argument string is parsed to zero or more actual arguments. It is
 possible to use a single string with all arguments (where the arguments
 themselves are separated by spaces), comma separated strings for each of the
 arguments (each string has one argument), or a mix of those.</p>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>In argument strings, individual arguments are separated by whitespace
 (spaces, tabs, new lines, etc). The whitespace itself is ignored, and only
 serves as separation. To include whitespace in an argument, the argument (or
 a part of it), may be quoted, by putting it between double quotes (<code>"</code>) or
 single quotes (<code>'</code>). Characters may be escaped by prefixing them with a
 backslash (<code>\</code>). This is particularly useful for single/double quotes, and
 escape characters, and can also be used to escape spaces. Escapes work the
 same inside of quoted parts as they do outside of quoted parts.</p>
 </div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>stdin</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Specify whether to have a standard input (stdin) stream and where the input
 comes from. Use <code>""</code> to not have a stdin stream, <code>"-"</code> to use the stdin
 stream of the ToolDef interpreter, or otherwise an absolute or relative local
 file system path of the file from which to read the standard input. May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>stdout</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Specify whether to have a standard output (stdout) stream and where to write
 the standard output. Use <code>""</code> to not have a stdout stream, <code>"-"</code> to use
 the stdout stream of the ToolDef interpreter, or otherwise an absolute or
 relative local file system path of the file to which to write the standard
 output. May contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>stderr</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Specify whether to have a standard error (stderr) stream and where to write
 the standard error output. Use <code>""</code> to not have a stderr stream, <code>"-"</code>
 to use the stderr stream of the ToolDef interpreter, or otherwise an absolute
 or relative local file system path of the file to which to write the standard
 error output. May contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators. Is ignored
 when the standard error stream is redirected to the standard output stream.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>appendOut</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to append to the stdout file (<code>true</code>) or overwrite it (<code>false</code>).
 Is ignored when standard output is not written to a file.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>appendErr</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to append to the stderr file (<code>true</code>) or overwrite it (<code>false</code>).
 Is ignored if standard error output is not written to a file. Is also ignored
 when standard error stream is redirected to the standard output stream.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>errToOut</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to redirect the standard error stream to the standard output stream
 (<code>true</code>) or use separate streams (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>ignoreNonZeroExitCode</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to ignore non-zero exit codes (<code>true</code>) or consider them as errors
 (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The exit code resulting from the execution of the command or external
 application.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If parsing of the command line arguments fails.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If ToolDef fails to execution the command or external application.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If execution results in a non-zero exit code and non-zero exit codes are not
 ignored.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-generic-tooldef">tooldef tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool int tooldef(string... args,        string stdin = "-", string stdout = "-", string stderr = "-", bool appendOut = false, bool appendErr = false, bool errToOut = false, bool ignoreNonZeroExitCode = false)
 tool int tooldef(list string args = [], string stdin = "-", string stdout = "-", string stderr = "-", bool appendOut = false, bool appendErr = false, bool errToOut = false, bool ignoreNonZeroExitCode = false)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Executes a ToolDef script. Waits for that script to finish its execution before
 continuing with the current script.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The script is executed within the current Java interpreter, in a new thread,
 using a new ToolDef interpreter.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>args</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The command line arguments for the ToolDef interpreter, including the path to
 the script to execute. Each argument string is parsed to zero or more actual
 arguments. It is possible to use a single string with all arguments (where
 the arguments themselves are separated by spaces), comma separated strings
 for each of the arguments (each string has one argument), or a mix of those.</p>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>In argument strings, individual arguments are separated by whitespace
 (spaces, tabs, new lines, etc). The whitespace itself is ignored, and only
 serves as separation. To include whitespace in an argument, the argument (or
 a part of it), may be quoted, by putting it between double quotes (<code>"</code>) or
 single quotes (<code>'</code>). Characters may be escaped by prefixing them with a
 backslash (<code>\</code>). This is particularly useful for single/double quotes, and
 escape characters, and can also be used to escape spaces. Escapes work the
 same inside of quoted parts as they do outside of quoted parts.</p>
 </div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>stdin</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Specify whether to have a standard input (stdin) stream and where the input
 comes from. Use <code>""</code> to not have a stdin stream, <code>"-"</code> to use the stdin
 stream of the ToolDef interpreter, or otherwise an absolute or relative local
 file system path of the file from which to read the standard input. May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>stdout</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Specify whether to have a standard output (stdout) stream and where to write
 the standard output. Use <code>""</code> to not have a stdout stream, <code>"-"</code> to use
 the stdout stream of the ToolDef interpreter, or otherwise an absolute or
 relative local file system path of the file to which to write the standard
 output. May contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>stderr</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Specify whether to have a standard error (stderr) stream and where to write
 the standard error output. Use <code>""</code> to not have a stderr stream, <code>"-"</code>
 to use the stderr stream of the ToolDef interpreter, or otherwise an absolute
 or relative local file system path of the file to which to write the standard
 error output. May contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators. Is ignored
 when the standard error stream is redirected to the standard output stream.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>appendOut</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to append to the stdout file (<code>true</code>) or overwrite it (<code>false</code>).
 Is ignored when standard output is not written to a file.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>appendErr</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to append to the stderr file (<code>true</code>) or overwrite it (<code>false</code>).
 Is ignored if standard error output is not written to a file. Is also ignored
 when standard error stream is redirected to the standard output stream.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>errToOut</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to redirect the standard error stream to the standard output stream
 (<code>true</code>) or use separate streams (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>ignoreNonZeroExitCode</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to ignore non-zero exit codes (<code>true</code>) or consider them as errors
 (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The ToolDef interpreter exit code, i.e. the exit code of the script.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If parsing of the command line arguments fails.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the application fails to execute due to its thread being interrupted.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If execution results in a non-zero exit code and non-zero exit codes are not
 ignored.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
 <h4 id="lang-ref-builtins-path">Built-in path tools</h4>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>This page describes the built-in I/O tools:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path-abspath">abspath</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path-basename">basename</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path-chdir">chdir</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path-chfileext">chfileext</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path-curdir">curdir</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path-dirname">dirname</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path-fileext">fileext</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path-hasfileext">hasfileext</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path-pathjoin">pathjoin</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path-scriptpath">scriptpath</a></p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-path-abspath">abspath tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string abspath(string path)
 tool string abspath(string path, string workdir)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns an absolute local file system path, given an absolute or relative local
 file system path.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path. May contain both <code>\</code> and
 <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>workdir</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The optional absolute local file system path of the working directory against
 which to resolve relative paths. May contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path
 separators. If not specified, relative paths are resolved against the
 <a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path-curdir">current working directory</a>.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The absolute local file system path. The path contains separators for the
 current platform.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-path-basename">basename tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string basename(string path)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the base name of the given absolute or relative local file system path.
 The base name of a file or directory is the name of that file or directory. In
 other words, returns the last part of the given path.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path to the file or directory for
 which to return the base name. May contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path
 separators. Must not end with <code>\</code> or <code>/</code>.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The base name.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the path ends with <code>\</code> or <code>/</code>.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-path-chdir">chdir tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool chdir(string path)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Changes the <a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path-curdir">current working directory</a> to
 the directory referred to by the given path.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path to the new current working
 directory. Relative paths are resolved against the
 <a href="#lang-ref-builtins-path-curdir">current working directory</a>. May contain
 both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the given path does not exist.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the given path refers to a file rather than a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If it can not be determined whether the given path refers to a file or a
 directory.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-path-chfileext">chfileext tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string chfileext(string path, string? oldext = null, string? newext = null)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Modifies a path such that it ends with a new extension, removing an old
 extension if it exists.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path to modify. May contain both
 <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>oldext</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The old extension that can be removed (case insensitive, no . at the
 start). Use <code>null</code> to not remove an old extension.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>newext</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The new extension to use (case sensitive, no . at the start). Use
 <code>null</code> to not add a new extension.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The changed path, ending with the new extension (if any).</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-path-curdir">curdir tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string curdir()</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the script execution&#8217;s current working directory, as an absolute local
 file system path. The path contains separators for the current platform.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The script execution&#8217;s current working directory.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-path-dirname">dirname tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string dirname(string path)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the absolute directory path of the directory that contains the given
 file or directory.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute local file system path that refers to a file or directory. May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators. Must not end with <code>\</code> or <code>/</code>.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The absolute directory path of the directory that contains the given file or
 directory. May contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the given path is not an absolute local file system path.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the given path ends with <code>\</code> or <code>/</code>.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-path-fileext">fileext tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string fileext(string path)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the file extension of the given file, or <code>""</code> if the file has no file
 extension.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path to the file. May contain both
 <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The file extension, or <code>""</code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-path-hasfileext">hasfileext tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool hasfileext(string path, string ext)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Does the given file have the given file extension?</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path to the file. May contain both
 <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>ext</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The file extension to check for (case sensitive, no <code>.</code> at the start).</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the  file has the given file extension, <code>false</code> otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-path-pathjoin">pathjoin tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string pathjoin(string... paths)
 tool string pathjoin(list string paths)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Joins paths together. If no paths are given, an empty string is returned. If
 one path is given, the path is returned.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>paths</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The paths to join together. The first path may be an absolute or relative
 local file system path. The remaining paths must be relative local file
 system paths. All paths may contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The joined path. The path contains separators for the current platform.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-path-scriptpath">scriptpath tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool string scriptpath()</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the absolute local file system path to the script being executed. The
 path contains separators for the current platform.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The absolute local file system path to the script being executed.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
 <h4 id="lang-ref-builtins-file">Built-in file tools</h4>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>This page describes the built-in I/O tools:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-cpfile">cpfile</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-cpdir">cpdir</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-diff">diff</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-exists">exists</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-filenewer">filenewer</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-filesize">filesize</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-find">find</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-isdir">isdir</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-isfile">isfile</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-mkdir">mkdir</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-mvfile">mvfile</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-mvdir">mvdir</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-readlines">readlines</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-rmfile">rmfile</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-rmdir">rmdir</a></p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p><a href="#lang-ref-builtins-file-writefile">writefile</a></p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-cpfile">cpfile tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool cpfile(string source, string target, bool overwrite = false)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Copies a file from a source location to a target location.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>source</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the source file. May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>target</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the target file. May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>overwrite</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to overwrite the target file if it already exists.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the source file does not exist.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the source is a directory rather than a file.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If it can not be determined whether the source path refers to a file or a
 directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the target file exists and overwriting is not allowed.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the target file exists and overwriting is allowed, but the target refers
 to a directory rather than a file.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the target file exists and overwriting is allowed, but it can not be
 determined whether the target path refers to a file or a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If copying the file failed due to an I/O error.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-cpdir">cpdir tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool cpdir(string source, string target)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Copies a directory from a source location to a target location. All files and
 directories in the source directory are copied recursively.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>If the operation fails, part of the operation may have already been performed.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>source</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the source directory. All
 files and directories in the source directory are copied recursively. May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>target</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the target directory. This
 is the directory in which the contents of the source directory are copied.
 The source directory itself is not copied, only the files and directories
 contained in the source directory. May contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path
 separators.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the source directory does not exist.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the source is a file rather than a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If it can not be determined whether the source path refers to a file or a
 directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the target directory already exists.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the target directory doesn&#8217;t exist, but one of the ancestors is not a
 directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If walking the directory (recursively) fails.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If walking the directory (recursively) encounters a file system cycle (due to
 symbolic links).</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If a file or (sub-)directory could not be copied due to an I/O error.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-diff">diff tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool diff(string file1, string file2, string output = "-", bool missingAsEmpty = false, bool warnOnDiff = false, bool failOnDiff = false)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Computes the differences between two files.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>file1</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the first file. May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>file2</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the second file. May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>output</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Specify whether/where to write a unified diff if the files differ. Use <code>""</code>
 to not write a unified diff, <code>"-"</code> to write the unified diff to the
 standard output stream (stdout), or otherwise an absolute or relative local
 file system path of the file to which to write the unified diff. May contain
 both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>missingAsEmpty</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Treat a missing first/second file as empty (<code>true</code>) or as an error
 (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>warnOnDiff</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Emit a warning for differing files (<code>true</code>) or not (<code>false</code>). If a
 warning is emitted to the standard error stream (stderr), the unified diff
 (if enabled) is printed first.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>failOnDiff</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Treat differing files as an error (<code>true</code>) or not (<code>false</code>). If an error
 is emitted, the unified diff (if enabled) and warning (if enabled) are
 printed first.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the files differ, <code>false</code> otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If either the first or second file doesn&#8217;t exist and <code>missingAsEmpty</code> is
 disabled.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the first or second file is not a file but a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If it can not be determined whether the first or second path refers to a file
 or a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If an I/O error occurs.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the <code>out</code> file exists but is a directory rather than a regular file.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the <code>out</code> file does not exist but cannot be created.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the <code>out</code> file cannot be opened for writing for any other reason.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If an I/O error occurs while writing to the <code>out</code> file.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the <code>out</code> file can not be closed.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the files differ and <code>failOnDiff</code> is enabled.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-exists">exists tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool exists(string path)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Does a file or directory with the given path exist?</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the file or directory. May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the file or directory exists, <code>false</code> otherwise.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-filenewer">filenewer tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool filenewer(string path, string refpath,       bool allowNonExisting = false, bool sameAsNewer = true)
 tool bool filenewer(string path, string... refpaths,   bool allowNonExisting = false, bool sameAsNewer = true)
 tool bool filenewer(string path, list string refpaths, bool allowNonExisting = false, bool sameAsNewer = true)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Checks whether a file is newer (was modified at a later date/time) than some
 reference file(s).</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the file for which to
 check whether it is newer than the reference file(s). May contain both <code>\</code>
 and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>refpath</code>, <code>refpaths</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the reference file(s). May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>allowNonExisting</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to allow the first file to not exist (<code>true</code>) or consider it an
 error if the first file does not exist (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>sameAsNewer</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to treat files with the same last change date as being the same
 (<code>false</code>) or as newer (<code>true</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>false</code> if the first file does not exist (if allowed by enabling
 <code>allowNonExisting</code>), if the first file is older than any the reference files,
 or if the first file has the same last change date as any of the reference
 files and <code>sameAsNewer</code> is disabled. <code>true</code> if the first file is newer than
 all of the reference files, if the first file has the same last change date as
 some the reference files and <code>sameAsNewer</code> is enabled and is newer than all
 of the other reference files, or if the first file has the same last change
 date as all the reference files and <code>sameAsNewer</code> is enabled.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the first file does not exist and <code>allowNonExisting</code> is disabled.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If any of the reference files does not exist.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If any of the files is a directory rather than a file.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If for any of the paths it can not be determined whether the path refers to a
 file or a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the last change date/time of any of the files can not be determined.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-filesize">filesize tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool long filesize(string path, bool missingAsZero = false)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Returns the size of the file, in bytes.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the file. May contain both
 <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>missingAsZero</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to return 0 if the file does not exist (<code>true</code>) or consider it
 an error if the file does not exist (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The size of the file in bytes, or <code>0</code> if the file is missing and
 <code>missingAsZero</code> is enabled.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the file does not exist and <code>missingAsZero</code> is disabled.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the file is a directory rather than a file.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If it can not be determined whether the path refers to a file or a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the size of the file can not be determined due to an I/O error.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-find">find tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool list string find(string path, string pattern = "*", bool recursive = true, bool files = true, bool dirs = true)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Searches a directory for files and/or directories matching a pattern.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the directory in which to
 search. The directory itself is never returned. May contain both <code>\</code> and
 <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>pattern</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The pattern to use to match files/directories. Is a
 <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/io/fileOps.html#glob">Java NIO glob</a>
 pattern, that is matched against single file names or single directory names,
 and never against paths. Pattern <code>"*"</code> matches all files and directories.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>recursive</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to recursively look in sub-directories.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>files</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to match files.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>dirs</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to match directories.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The local file system paths of the matched files and directories, relative
 against the given root directory from which searching started.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the given directory is not found.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the given directory is a file rather than a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the can not be determined whether the given path refers to a file or a
 directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the pattern is invalid.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If walking the directory (recursively) fails.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If walking the directory (recursively) encounters a file system cycle (due to
 symbolic links).</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the operation fails due to an I/O error.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-isdir">isdir tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool isdir(string path)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Does a directory with the given path exist?</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the directory. May contain
 both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the directory exists, <code>false</code> if it doesn&#8217;t exist or is not a
 directory.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-isfile">isfile tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool isfile(string path)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Does a file with the given path exist?</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the file. May contain
 both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the file exists, <code>false</code> if it doesn&#8217;t exist or is not a file.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-mkdir">mkdir tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool mkdir(string path, bool force = false, bool parents = true)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Creates the given directory, and optionally its parents as needed.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the directory to create.
 May contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>force</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to skip creating the directory if it already exists (<code>true</code>) or
 fail if it already exists (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>parents</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to allow creating parents as needed (<code>true</code>) or fail if the parent
 directory does not exist (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the directory already exists and <code>force</code> is disabled.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If creating the directory or any of its parents fails, due to an I/O error.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-mvfile">mvfile tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool mvfile(string source, string target, bool overwrite = false)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Moves a file from a source location to a target location. This can be used to
 rename a file and/or move it to another directory.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>source</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the source file. May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>target</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the target file. May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>overwrite</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to overwrite the target file if it already exists.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the source file does not exist.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the source is a directory rather than a file.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If it can not be determined whether the source path refers to a file or a
 directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the target file exist and overwriting is not allowed.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the target file exists and overwriting is allowed, but the target refers
 to a directory rather than a file.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the target file exists and overwriting is allowed, but it can not be
 determined whether the target path refers to a file or a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If moving the file fails due to an I/O error.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-mvdir">mvdir tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool mvdir(string source, string target)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Moves a directory from a source location to a target location. The directory
 and all files and directories in it are moved recursively.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The operation is implemented as a copy from source to target, followed by a
 remove of the source. If the operation fails, part of the operation may have
 already been performed.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>source</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the source directory. The
 directory itself and all files and directories in it are moved recursively.
 May contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>target</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the target directory. This
 is the directory into which the contents of the source directory are moved.
 May contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the source directory does not exist.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the source is a file rather than a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If it can not be determined whether the source path refers to a file or a
 directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the target directory already exists.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the target directory doesn&#8217;t exist but one of the ancestors is not a
 directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If walking the directory (recursively) fails.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If walking the directory (recursively) encounters a file system cycle (due to
 symbolic links).</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If a file or (sub-)directory can not be copied or removed, due to an I/O
 error.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-readlines">readlines tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool list string readlines(string path)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Read lines of text from a file.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the file to read. May
 contain both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The lines of text from the file.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the file does not exist.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the path refers to a directory rather than a file.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If it can not be determined whether the path refers to a file or a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If for some other reason can not be opened for reading.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If an I/O error occurs.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the file can not be closed.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-rmfile">rmfile tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool rmfile(string path, bool force = false)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Removes a file.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the file. May contain both
 <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>force</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to ignore non-existing files (<code>true</code>) or consider it an error
 (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the file was removed, <code>false</code> if it could not be removed because
 it did not exist and force is enabled.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the file does not exist and <code>force</code> is disabled.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the file is a directory rather than a file.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If it can not be determined whether the path refers to a file or a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If an I/O error occurs.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the file can not be removed for some other reason.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-rmdir">rmdir tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool bool rmdir(string path, bool force = false)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Removes a directory, recursively.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the directory. May contain
 both <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>force</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to ignore non-existing directories (<code>true</code>) or consider it an error
 (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Returns</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><code>true</code> if the directory was removed, <code>false</code> if it could not be removed
 because it did not exist and <code>force</code> is enabled.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the directory does not exist and <code>force</code> is disabled.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the directory is a file rather than a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If it can not be determined whether the path refers to a file or a directory.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If an I/O error occurs.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If walking the directory (recursively) fails.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If walking the directory (recursively) encounters a file system cycle (due to
 symbolic links).</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the directory or one of its sub-files or sub-directories can not be
 removed for some other reason.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect4">
 <h5 id="lang-ref-builtins-file-writefile">writefile tool</h5>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-tooldef" data-lang="tooldef">tool writefile(string path, string text,       bool append = false)
 tool writefile(string path, list string lines, bool append = false)</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Writes text to a file.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Parameters</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist">
 <dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The absolute or relative local file system path of the file. May contain both
 <code>\</code> and <code>/</code> as path separators.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>text</code>, <code>lines</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>The text or lines of text to write to the file.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>append</code></dt>
 <dd>
 <p>Whether to append the lines text to the file if it already exists (<code>true</code>),
 or overwrite the file if it already exists (<code>false</code>).</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><em>Runtime errors</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>If the path exists but is a directory rather than a regular file.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the file does not exist, but cannot be created.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If the file can not be opened for writing for any other reason.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If writing to the file fails due to an I/O error.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>If closing the file fails.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="tools-chapter-index">Tooling</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Below you can find general information on how to use the ToolDef tooling,
 both on the command line, and in the <a href="https://eclipse.org">Eclipse</a> IDE.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>To start using the ToolDef tooling, create a <code>.tooldef</code> file. See the
 <a href="#lang-ref-chapter-index">language reference</a> documentation for more
 information on the syntax.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>
 </p>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
 <h3 id="tools-command-line">Command line</h3>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>To execute a ToolDef script on the command line, use the <code>tooldef</code>
 executable. To start executing a ToolDef script, enter
 something like this on the command line:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">tooldef some_script.tooldef</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>

 Additional options are available, to influence how the script is executed. For
 details, execute the ToolDef interpreter with the <code>--help</code> or <code>-h</code> command
 line option:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">tooldef --help</code></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
 <h3 id="tools-eclipse-ide">Eclipse IDE</h3>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>

 To execute a ToolDef script in the Eclipse IDE, right click the file or an
 open text editor for the script, and choose <b class="menuref">Execute ToolDef</b>.
 Alternatively, choose <b class="menuref">Execute ToolDef&#8230;&#8203;</b> to first shown an option
 dialog, where several options that influence how the script is executed, before
 actually executing the script.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>It is also possible to start executing a script by pressing <kbd>F10</kbd>, while
 a <code>.tooldef</code> file is selected or an open text for such a file has the focus.
 Finally, clicking the corresponding toolbar icon
 (<span class="image"><img src="./tools/tooldef_icon.png" alt="tooldef icon"></span>) has the same effect.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Execution of ToolDef script can be manually terminated by means of the
 termination features of the <em>Applications</em> view.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="release-notes-chapter-index">ToolDef release notes</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The release notes for the releases of ToolDef and the associated tools, as
 part of the Eclipse ESCET project, are listed below in reverse chronological
 order.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>See also the Eclipse ESCET
 <a href="https://www.eclipse.org/escet/escet/#release-notes-chapter-index">toolkit release notes</a>
 covering those aspects that are common to the various Eclipse ESCET tools.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
 <h3 id="version-0-1">Version 0.1</h3>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The first release of ToolDef as part of the Eclipse ESCET project.
 This release is based on the initial contribution by the Eindhoven University
 of Technology (TU/e).</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Most notable changes compared to the last TU/e release:</p>
 </div>
 <div class="ulist">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>We no longer use separate language and tool versions. The <code>.tooldef2</code> file
 extension has been changed to <code>.tooldef</code> as part of this change.</p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="legal-chapter-index">Legal</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The material in this documentation is
 Copyright (c) 2010, 2021 Contributors to the Eclipse Foundation.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>Eclipse ESCET and ESCET are trademarks of the Eclipse Foundation.
 Eclipse, and the Eclipse Logo are registered trademarks of the
 Eclipse Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their
 respective owners.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p><strong>License</strong></p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>The Eclipse Foundation makes available all content in this document
 ("Content"). Unless otherwise indicated below, the Content is provided to you
 under the terms and conditions of the MIT License. A copy of the MIT License
 is available at <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT" class="bare">https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT</a>. For purposes of the
 MIT License, "Software" will mean the Content.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph">
 <p>If you did not receive this Content directly from the Eclipse Foundation,
 the Content is being redistributed by another party ("Redistributor") and
 different terms and conditions may apply to your use of any object code in
 the Content. Check the Redistributor&#8217;s license that was provided with the
 Content. If no such license exists, contact the Redistributor. Unless
 otherwise indicated below, the terms and conditions of the MIT License
 still apply to any source code in the Content and such source code may be
 obtained at <a href="http://www.eclipse.org" class="bare">http://www.eclipse.org</a>.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
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