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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/concepts/device-identity/" title="Device Identity" class="dd-item "> |
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| Device Identity |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/concepts/device-provisioning/" title="Device Provisioning" class="dd-item active"> |
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| Device Provisioning |
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| Connecting Devices |
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| Device Notifications |
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| Resource limits |
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| Connection Events |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/user-guide/mongodb-based-device-registry/" title="MongoDB Based Device Registry" class="dd-item "> |
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| MongoDB Based Device Registry |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/user-guide/jdbc-based-device-registry/" title="JDBC Based Device Registry" class="dd-item "> |
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| JDBC Based Device Registry |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/user-guide/file-based-device-registry/" title="File Based Device Registry" class="dd-item "> |
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| File Based Device Registry |
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| HTTP Adapter |
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| MQTT Adapter |
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| AMQP Adapter |
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| CoAP Adapter |
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| Kura Adapter |
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| Sigfox Adapter |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/common-config/" title="Common Configuration" class="dd-item "> |
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| Common Configuration |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/auth-server-config/" title="Auth Server Configuration" class="dd-item "> |
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| Auth Server Configuration |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/mongodb-device-registry-config/" title="MongoDB Based Device Registry Configuration" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/mongodb-device-registry-config/"> |
| MongoDB Based Device Registry Configuration |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/jdbc-device-registry-config/" title="JDBC Based Device Registry Configuration" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/jdbc-device-registry-config/"> |
| JDBC Based Device Registry Configuration |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/file-based-device-registry-config/" title="File Based Device Registry Configuration" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/file-based-device-registry-config/"> |
| File Based Device Registry Configuration |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/command-router-config/" title="Configuring the Command Router Service" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/command-router-config/"> |
| Command Router Service Configuration |
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| </a> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/device-connection-config/" title="Configuring the Device Connection Service" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/device-connection-config/"> |
| Device Connection Service Configuration |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/http-adapter-config/" title="HTTP Adapter Configuration" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/http-adapter-config/"> |
| HTTP Adapter Configuration |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/mqtt-adapter-config/" title="MQTT Adapter Configuration" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/mqtt-adapter-config/"> |
| MQTT Adapter Configuration |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/amqp-adapter-config/" title="AMQP Adapter Configuration" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/amqp-adapter-config/"> |
| AMQP Adapter Configuration |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/coap-adapter-config/" title="CoAP Adapter Configuration" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/coap-adapter-config/"> |
| CoAP Adapter Configuration |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/kura-adapter-config/" title="Kura Adapter Configuration" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/kura-adapter-config/"> |
| Kura Adapter Configuration |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/hono-client-configuration/" title="Hono Client Configuration" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/hono-client-configuration/"> |
| Hono Client Configuration |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/hono-kafka-client-configuration/" title="Hono Kafka Client Configuration" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/hono-kafka-client-configuration/"> |
| Hono Kafka Client Configuration |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/amqp-network-config/" title="AMQP 1.0 Messaging Network Configuration" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/amqp-network-config/"> |
| AMQP 1.0 Messaging Network Configuration |
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| </a> |
| </li> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/secure_communication/" title="Secure Communication" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/secure_communication/"> |
| Secure Communication |
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| </li> |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/monitoring-tracing-config/" title="Monitoring & Tracing" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/admin-guide/monitoring-tracing-config/"> |
| Monitoring & Tracing |
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| </li> |
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| <i class="fas fa-tools"></i> Developer Guide |
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| <li data-nav-id="/hono/docs/1.8/dev-guide/building_hono/" title="Building from Source" class="dd-item "> |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/dev-guide/building_hono/"> |
| Building from Source |
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| <section id="shortcuts"> |
| <h3></h3> |
| <ul> |
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| <a class="padding" href="https://www.eclipse.org/hono/" title="Hono's Homepage"><i class='fas fa-home'></i> Hono Home</a> |
| </li> |
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| <li> |
| <a class="padding" href="https://www.eclipse.org/hono/getting-started/" title="Getting started with Eclipse Hono"><i class='fas fa-plane-departure'></i> Getting Started</a> |
| </li> |
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| </section> |
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| <hr/> |
| <ul> |
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| </section> |
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| <section id="footer"> |
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| <p>© 2021 <a href="https://www.eclipse.org/hono/">The Eclipse Hono Project</a></p> |
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| <p> |
| Documentation built with |
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| <a href='/hono/docs/1.8/'>Documentation</a> > <a href='/hono/docs/1.8/concepts/'>Concepts</a> > Device Provisioning |
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| <ul> |
| <li><a href="#manual-device-provisioning">Manual Device Provisioning</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#automatic-device-provisioning">Automatic Device Provisioning</a> |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li> |
| </ul> |
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| <li><a href="#automatic-gateway-provisioning">Automatic Gateway Provisioning</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#gateway-based-auto-provisioning">Gateway based Auto-Provisioning</a> |
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| <h1> |
| |
| Device Provisioning |
| </h1> |
| |
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| |
| <p>This page describes how devices are provisioned in Hono, i.e. how their digital representation is generated. |
| For each device, registration information is stored that defines a device identity. |
| Each device belongs to exactly one tenant. Each device must have at least one set of credentials that are used to authenticate to Hono.</p> |
| <p>To get an understanding of what is meant by the terms <em>tenant</em>, <em>device registration</em> and <em>credentials</em>, |
| it is recommended to read the <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/concepts/device-identity/">Device Identity</a> page first.</p> |
| <p>So in order to use a device with Hono, it has to be provisioned. |
| This means that registration information and at least one credential record must be stored in the device registry.</p> |
| <p>There are different ways to perform device provisioning.</p> |
| <h2 id="manual-device-provisioning">Manual Device Provisioning</h2> |
| <p>Devices can be provisioned using Hono’s <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/api/management/">Device Registry Management API</a> via HTTP.</p> |
| <p>If the desired <em>tenant</em> does not yet exist, it must be created first. |
| How to do this is described in the tenants section of the <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/api/management/">Device Registry Management API</a>.</p> |
| <p>The actual Device Provisioning is then performed by adding devices as described under devices section of the |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/api/management/">Device Registry Management API</a>. |
| This creates both a device identity and an (empty) credentials record. The last step is to add real credentials |
| as described in the credentials section of the <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/api/management/">Device Registry Management API</a>.</p> |
| <h2 id="automatic-device-provisioning">Automatic Device Provisioning</h2> |
| <p>The term <em>Auto-Provisioning</em> denotes a feature of Hono where the Device Registry automatically generates |
| the credentials and registration information for a device the first time it connects. |
| Auto-Provisioning is supported by Hono’s protocol adapters for devices that authenticate with client certificates or for |
| devices that are connected via a gateway.</p> |
| <h3 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h3> |
| <p>Hono does not require a specific Device Registry implementation, but only specifies a set of APIs that must be provided by a compatible implementation. |
| Since the main part of the <em>Auto-Provisioning</em> has to be done by the Device Registry, the used implementation must explicitly support this feature.</p> |
| <h4 id="client-certificate-based-auto-provisioning">Client certificate based Auto-Provisioning</h4> |
| <p>This feature can be enabled by supplying a certificate authority (CA) for a certain tenant:</p> |
| <h5 id="step-1-configure-the-tenant">Step 1: Configure the Tenant</h5> |
| <p>The CA to be used by the devices needs to be configured. The following tasks must be performed:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>Create tenant</li> |
| <li>Configure the trusted CA for the tenant</li> |
| <li>Enable the feature for the CA</li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>If the Device Registry implementation provides the <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/api/management/">Management API</a>, this could be done in a single step. |
| For details refer to the <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/api/tenant/#trusted-ca-format">Tenant API specification</a>.</p> |
| <p>The Device Registry generates a unique device identifier during auto-provisioning. If <em>auto-provisioning-device-id-template</em> |
| is configured in the corresponding tenant’s CA entry, then the device registry generates the device identifier based on |
| the configured template. If not configured, then a random unique device identifier is generated. Refer to the |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/api/management/#tenants/createTenant">Device Registry Management API</a> for more details on how to |
| configure a tenant’s trusted CA authority for that.</p> |
| <h5 id="step-2-connect-an-unregistered-device-to-hono">Step 2: Connect an unregistered Device to Hono</h5> |
| <figure> |
| <img src="auto-provisioning.svg" |
| alt="A unregistered device connects to a protocol adapter which uses the Credentials API to provision it"/> <figcaption> |
| <h4>Automatic Provisioning of a Device</h4> |
| </figcaption> |
| </figure> |
| |
| <p>Hono’s protocol adapters query the APIs of the Device Registry during <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/concepts/device-identity/">Device Authentication</a>. |
| First, the Tenant API is queried. If the Tenant configuration returned contains the CA used for authentication and the |
| feature is switched on for this CA, the protocol adapter assumes that automatic provisioning must be performed. |
| It puts the device’s certificate into the query to enable the device registry to do the provisioning.</p> |
| <p>If the Device Registry does not find any credentials for the device, it takes the information from the client |
| certificate to create both credentials and device registration data for it.</p> |
| <p>The Device Registry is expected to perform the following steps:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>Generate a unique device-id</li> |
| <li>Create device</li> |
| <li>Create credentials</li> |
| <li>Optional: Provision device in external systems</li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>The newly created credentials are returned to the protocol adapter in the response as if they had been present before.</p> |
| <p>The following query of the Device Registration API returns the previously generated registration data.</p> |
| <p>The provisioning is, of course, a one-time action, on subsequent connections the APIs simply return the stored records.</p> |
| <h2 id="automatic-gateway-provisioning">Automatic Gateway Provisioning</h2> |
| <p>Auto-provisioning of gateways involves the same steps as |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/concepts/device-provisioning/#automatic-devicegateway-provisioning">Automatic Device Provisioning</a>. |
| An extra attribute namely <em>auto-provision-as-gateway</em> is needed in the tenant’s trusted CA configuration to enable |
| auto-provisioning of gateways. If this attribute is set to <code>true</code> then the device registry provisions any unregistered |
| devices that authenticate with a client certificate issued by this tenant’s trusted CA as gateways, provided that the |
| attribute <em>auto-provisioning-enabled</em> is also set to <code>true</code>. Refer to the |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/api/management/#tenants/createTenant">Device Registry Management API</a> |
| for more details on the tenant’s trusted CA configuration.</p> |
| <h2 id="gateway-based-auto-provisioning">Gateway based Auto-Provisioning</h2> |
| <p>It refers to auto-provisioning of edge devices that are connected via gateways. |
| Enabling gateway based auto-provisioning requires configuration of the gateway device:</p> |
| <h5 id="step-1-configure-the-gateway-device">Step 1: Configure the Gateway Device</h5> |
| <p>The gateway device must have the corresponding authority (<code>auto-provisioning-enabled</code>) set. |
| Refer to the <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/api/management/">Management API</a> for creating or updating a |
| corresponding device.</p> |
| <h5 id="step-2-connect-an-unregistered-device-via-gateway-to-hono">Step 2: Connect an unregistered Device via Gateway to Hono</h5> |
| <figure> |
| <img src="auto-provisioning-gateway.svg" |
| alt="A unregistered device connects to a gateway which uses the Device Registration API to provision it"/> <figcaption> |
| <h4>Automatic Provisioning of a Device via gateway</h4> |
| </figcaption> |
| </figure> |
| |
| <p>The yet unregistered edge device sends telemetry data via a gateway (1) to a protocol adapter which then checks if the |
| edge device is already registered by calling the <em>assert</em> operation of Device Registration API (2). If the device |
| registration service finds that the device isn’t registered yet and the gateway has the <code>auto-provisioning-enabled</code> |
| authority set, it creates the edge device (3).</p> |
| <p>Subsequently, after it made sure that it hasn’t already done so, it sends an |
| <a href="/hono/docs/1.8/api/event/#device-provisioning-notification">Device Provisioning Notification</a> with the <code>hono_registration_status</code> application |
| property being set to <code>NEW</code> to the AMQP network (4). Once the event has been accepted by the peer (5), the registration |
| service marks the event as delivered (6). The persistent flag guarantees that the Device Provisioning Notification is sent |
| AT_LEAST_ONCE. |
| (<em>NB</em>: applications may receive duplicates of the Device Provisioning Notification!).</p> |
| <p>Finally, the device registration service returns the registration information to the protocol adapter (7) which then |
| forwards the telemetry data to the AMQP network (8).</p> |
| |
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