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             <h1>Setting up a Kubernetes Cluster</h1>


 <p>This guide describes how to set up a Kubernetes cluster which can be used to run Eclipse Hono&trade;.</p>

 <p>Hono can be deployed to any Kubernetes cluster running version 1.11 or newer. This includes <a href="https://www.okd.io/">OpenShift (Origin)</a> which is built on top of Kubernetes.</p>

 <p>The <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/">Kubernetes web site</a> provides instructions for setting up a (local) cluster on bare metal and/or virtual infrastructure from scratch or for provisioning a managed Kubernetes cluster from one of the popular cloud providers.</p>

 <p><a name="Local Development"></a></p>

 <h2 id="setting-up-a-local-development-environment">Setting up a local Development Environment</h2>

 <p>The easiest option is to set up a single-node cluster running on a local VM using the <a href="https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/">Minikube</a> project.
 This kind of setup is sufficient for evaluation and development purposes.
 Please refer to Minikube&rsquo;s <a href="https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/">getting started guide</a> for instructions on how to set up a cluster locally.</p>

 <p>The recommended settings for a Minikube VM used for running Hono&rsquo;s example setup are as follows:</p>

 <ul>
 <li><strong>cpus</strong>: 2</li>
 <li><strong>memory</strong>: 8192 (MB)</li>
 </ul>

 <p>The command to start the VM will look something like this:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">minikube start --cpus 2 --memory 8192
 </code></pre>

 <p>After the Minikube VM has started successfully, the <code>minikube tunnel</code> command should be run in order to support Hono&rsquo;s services being deployed using the <em>LoadBalancer</em> type. Please refer to the <a href="https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/tasks/loadbalancer/">Minikube Loadbalancer docs</a> for details.</p>

 <div class="alert alert-notice">
     <h4 class="alert-heading"><i class="fas fa-info-circle"></i> Setting Kubernetes Version</h4>
     <div>Minikube will use the most recent Kubernetes version that was available when it has been compiled by default.
 Hono <em>should</em> run on any version of Kubernetes starting with 1.13.6. However, it has been tested with several
 specific versions only. The most recent version known to work is 1.15.4 so if you experience any issues with
 running Hono on another version, please try to deploy to 1.15.4 before raising an issue.
 You can use Minikube&rsquo;s <code>--kubernetes-version</code> command line switch to set a particular version.</div>
 </div>


 <h2 id="setting-up-a-production-environment">Setting up a Production Environment</h2>

 <p>Setting up a multi-node Kubernetes cluster is a more advanced topic. Please follow the corresponding links provided in the <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/#production-environment">Kubernetes documentation</a>.</p>

 <h2 id="setting-up-an-environment-on-microsoft-azure">Setting up an Environment on Microsoft Azure</h2>

 <p>This chapter describes how Hono can be deployed on Microsoft Azure. It includes:</p>

 <ul>
 <li><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/resource-group-overview">Azure Resource Manager (ARM)</a>
 templates for an automated infrastructure deployment.</li>
 <li>Helm based deployment of Hono to <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/intro-kubernetes">Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)</a>.</li>
 <li>Push Hono docker images to an <a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/container-registry/">Azure Container Registry (ACR)</a>.</li>
 <li>Optional <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/service-bus-messaging/service-bus-messaging-overview">Azure Service Bus</a> as
 broker for the <a href="/hono/docs/architecture/component-view/#amqp-1-0-messaging-network">Hono AMQP 1.0 Messaging Network</a>
 instead of a self hosted ActiveMQ Artemis.</li>
 <li><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/virtual-network-service-endpoints-overview">Virtual Network (VNet) service endpoints</a>
 ensure protected communication between AKS and Azure Service Bus.</li>
 </ul>

 <div class="alert alert-warning">
     <h4 class="alert-heading"><i class="fas fa-exclamation-triangle"></i> Use for demos only</h4>
     <div>This deployment model is not meant for productive use but rather for evaluation as well as demonstration purposes or as a baseline to evolve a production grade <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/guide/">Application architecture</a> out of it which includes Hono.</div>
 </div>


 <h3 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h3>

 <ul>
 <li>An <a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/get-started/">Azure subscription</a>.</li>
 <li><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli">Azure CLI</a> installed to setup the infrastructure.</li>
 <li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/">kubectl</a> and <a href="https://helm.sh/docs/using_helm/#installing-helm">helm</a>
 installed to deploy Hono into <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/intro-kubernetes">Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)</a></li>
 </ul>

 <h3 id="setup">Setup</h3>

 <p>As described <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/azure/aks/kubernetes-service-principal">here</a> we will create an explicit service principal. Later we add roles to this principal to access the <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/container-registry/container-registry-intro">Azure Container Registry (ACR)</a>.</p>

 <pre><code class="language-bash"># Create service principal
 service_principal=`az ad sp create-for-rbac --name http://honoServicePrincipal --skip-assignment --output tsv`
 app_id_principal=`echo $service_principal | cut -f1 -d ' '`
 password_principal=`echo $service_principal | cut -f4 -d ' '`
 object_id_principal=`az ad sp show --id $app_id_principal --query objectId --output tsv`
 </code></pre>

 <p>Note: it might take a few seconds until the principal is available for the next steps.</p>

 <p>Now we create the Azure Container Registry instance and provide read access to the service principal.</p>

 <pre><code class="language-bash"># Resource group where the ACR is deployed.
 acr_resourcegroupname={YOUR_ACR_RG}
 # Name of your ACR.
 acr_registry_name={YOUR_ACR_NAME}
 # Full name of the ACR.
 acr_login_server=$acr_registry_name.azurecr.io

 az acr create --resource-group $acr_resourcegroupname --name $acr_registry-name  --sku Basic
 acr_id_access_registry=`az acr show --resource-group $acr_resourcegroupname --name $acr_registry_name --query &quot;id&quot; --output tsv`
 az role assignment create --assignee $app_id_principal --scope $acr_id_access_registry --role Reader
 </code></pre>

 <p>With the next command we will use the provided <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/resource-group-overview">Azure Resource Manager (ARM)</a> templates to setup the AKS cluster. This might take a while.</p>

 <pre><code class="language-bash">resourcegroup_name=hono
 az group create --name $resourcegroup_name --location &quot;westeurope&quot;
 unique_solution_prefix=myprefix
 cd deploy/src/main/deploy/azure/
 az group deployment create --name HonoBasicInfrastructure --resource-group $resourcegroup_name --template-file arm/honoInfrastructureDeployment.json --parameters uniqueSolutionPrefix=$unique_solution_prefix servicePrincipalObjectId=$object_id_principal servicePrincipalClientId=$app_id_principal servicePrincipalClientSecret=$password_principal
 </code></pre>

 <p>Notes:</p>

 <ul>
 <li>add the following parameter in case you want to opt for the Azure Service Bus as broker in the
 <a href="/hono/docs/architecture/component-view/#amqp-1-0-messaging-network">Hono AMQP 1.0 Messaging Network</a> instead of
 deploying a (self-hosted) ActiveMQ Artemis into AKS: <em>serviceBus=true</em></li>
 <li>add the following parameter to define the k8s version of the AKS cluster. The default as defined in the
 template <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/supported-kubernetes-versions">might not be supported</a> in your
 target Azure region, e.g. <em>kubernetesVersion=1.14.6</em></li>
 </ul>

 <p>After the deployment is complete you can set your cluster in <em>kubectl</em>.</p>

 <pre><code class="language-bash">az aks get-credentials --resource-group $resourcegroup_name --name $aks_cluster_name
 </code></pre>

 <p>Next create retain storage for the device registry.</p>

 <pre><code class="language-bash">kubectl apply -f managed-premium-retain.yaml
 </code></pre>

 <p>Now Hono can be installed to the AKS cluster as describe in the <a href="/hono/docs/deployment/helm-based-deployment/">Helm based installation</a>
 guide.</p>

 <h3 id="monitoring">Monitoring</h3>

 <p>You can monitor your cluster using
 <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/insights/container-insights-overview">Azure Monitor for containers</a>.</p>

 <p>Navigate to <a href="https://portal.azure.com">https://portal.azure.com</a> -&gt; your resource group -&gt; your kubernetes cluster</p>

 <p>On an overview tab you fill find an information about your cluster (status, location, version, etc.). Also, here
 you will find a <em>Monitor Containers</em> link. Navigate to <em>Monitor Containers</em> and explore metrics and statuses of
 your Cluster, Nodes, Controllers and Containers.</p>

 <h3 id="cleaning-up">Cleaning up</h3>

 <p>Use the following command to delete all created resources once they are no longer needed:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">az group delete --name $resourcegroup_name --yes --no-wait
 </code></pre>

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