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 <li>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#setting-up-a-local-development-environment">Setting up a local Development Environment</a></li>
 <li><a href="#setting-up-a-production-environment">Setting up a Production Environment</a></li>
 <li><a href="#setting-up-a-cluster-using-azure-kubernetes-service">Setting up a Cluster using Azure Kubernetes Service</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#prepare-environment">Prepare Environment</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#install-azure-cli">Install azure cli</a></li>
 <li><a href="#install-kubectl">Install Kubectl</a></li>
 <li><a href="#log-in-to-azure">Log in to Azure</a></li>
 <li><a href="#create-resource-group-for-hono-deployment">Create Resource Group for Hono Deployment</a></li>
 <li><a href="#create-private-container-registry-on-azure">Create private Container Registry on Azure</a></li>
 <li><a href="#log-in-to-container-registry">Log in to Container Registry</a></li>
 </ul></li>
 <li><a href="#create-azure-kubernetes-service-cluster">Create Azure Kubernetes Service Cluster</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#create-service-principal">Create Service Principal</a></li>
 <li><a href="#create-cluster">Create Cluster</a></li>
 <li><a href="#set-cluster-as-current-context-for-kubectl">Set Cluster as current Context for kubectl</a></li>
 <li><a href="#create-clusterrolebinding-for-kubernetes-dashboard">Create ClusterRoleBinding for Kubernetes dashboard</a></li>
 <li><a href="#deploy-helm-s-tiller-service">Deploy Helm&rsquo;s Tiller Service</a></li>
 <li><a href="#grant-aks-cluster-access-to-container-registry">Grant AKS Cluster access to Container Registry</a></li>
 <li><a href="#optional-create-retain-storageclass-for-the-device-registry">(Optional) Create retain StorageClass for the Device Registry</a></li>
 </ul></li>
 <li><a href="#monitoring">Monitoring</a></li>
 <li><a href="#cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a></li>
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             <h1>Setting up a Kubernetes Cluster</h1>


 <p>This guide describes how to set up a Kubernetes cluster which can be used to run Eclipse Hono.</p>

 <p>Hono can be deployed to any Kubernetes cluster running version 1.11 or newer. This includes <a href="https://www.okd.io/">OpenShift (Origin)</a> which is built on top of Kubernetes.</p>

 <p>The <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/">Kubernetes web site</a> provides instructions for setting up a (local) cluster on bare metal and/or virtual infrastructure from scratch or for provisioning a managed Kubernetes cluster from one of the popular cloud providers.</p>

 <p><a name="Local Development"></a></p>

 <h2 id="setting-up-a-local-development-environment">Setting up a local Development Environment</h2>

 <p>The easiest option is to set up a single-node cluster running on a local VM using the <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube">Minikube</a> project.
 This kind of setup is sufficient for evaluation and development purposes.
 Please refer to Kubernetes&rsquo; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/">Minikube setup guide</a> for instructions on how to set up a cluster locally.</p>

 <p>The recommended settings for a Minikube VM used for running Hono&rsquo;s example setup are as follows:</p>

 <ul>
 <li><strong>cpus</strong>: 2</li>
 <li><strong>memory</strong>: 8192 (MB)</li>
 </ul>

 <p>The command to start the VM will look something like this:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">minikube start --cpus 2 --memory 8192
 </code></pre>

 <p>After the Minikube VM has started successfully, the <code>minikube tunnel</code> command should be run in order to support Hono&rsquo;s services being deployed using the <em>LoadBalancer</em> type. Please refer to the <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/blob/master/docs/networking.md#access-to-loadbalancer-services-using-minikube-tunnel">Minikube Networking docs</a> for details.</p>

 <div class="alert alert-notice">
     <h4 class="alert-heading"><i class="fas fa-info-circle"></i> Supported Kubernetes Versions</h4>
     <div>Minikube will use the most recent Kubernetes version that was available when it has been compiled by default. Hono <em>should</em> run on any version of Kubernetes starting with 1.13.6. However, it has been tested with several specific versions only so if you experience any issues with running Hono on a more recent version, please try to deploy to 1.13.6 before
 raising an issue. You can use Minikube&rsquo;s <code>--kubernetes-version</code> command line switch to set a particular version.</div>
 </div>


 <h2 id="setting-up-a-production-environment">Setting up a Production Environment</h2>

 <p>Setting up a multi-node Kubernetes cluster is a more advanced topic. Please follow the corresponding links provided in the <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/#production-environment">Kubernetes documentation</a>.</p>

 <h2 id="setting-up-a-cluster-using-azure-kubernetes-service">Setting up a Cluster using Azure Kubernetes Service</h2>

 <p>The following sections provide step-by-step instructions for setting up a Kubernetes cluster on Microsoft Azure that can be used to run Hono.</p>

 <h3 id="prepare-environment">Prepare Environment</h3>

 <p>At this step we expect you have clean Ubuntu VM or PC (tested on Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.18.0-1013-azure x86_64))</p>

 <h4 id="install-azure-cli">Install azure cli</h4>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install curl apt-transport-https lsb-release gpg

 curl -sL https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | \
     gpg --dearmor | \
     sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/microsoft.asc.gpg &gt; /dev/null

 AZ_REPO=$(lsb_release -cs)
 echo &quot;deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/azure-cli/ $AZ_REPO main&quot; | \
     sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/azure-cli.list

 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install azure-cli
 </code></pre>

 <h4 id="install-kubectl">Install Kubectl</h4>

 <p>The kubectl tool is used to manage a Kubernetes cluster from the command line.
 Follow the <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/">installation guide</a> in order to set up <code>kubectl</code> on your local machine.</p>

 <h4 id="log-in-to-azure">Log in to Azure</h4>

 <p>Type</p>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">az login
 </code></pre>

 <p>and follow instructions on screen.</p>

 <p>A result of successful log in will be a JSON output with subscription details. Run the following command, using the subscription <em>id</em> from the JSON structure:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">az account set -s &quot;{YOUR SUBSCRIPTION ID}&quot;
 </code></pre>

 <p>Before we continue, let&rsquo;s setup some variables, that will be used to create resources on Azure:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-sh"># Name of your Resource Group, where all services will be deployed
 AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP={YOUR-RG-NAME}
 # Name of your AKS cluster
 AKS_CLUSTER_NAME={YOUR-AKS-NAME}
 # Name of your private container registry (should match ^[a-zA-Z0-9]*$)
 ACR_NAME={YOUR-ACR-NAME}
 </code></pre>

 <h4 id="create-resource-group-for-hono-deployment">Create Resource Group for Hono Deployment</h4>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">az group create --name $AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP --location westeurope
 </code></pre>

 <h4 id="create-private-container-registry-on-azure">Create private Container Registry on Azure</h4>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">az acr create --resource-group $AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP --name $ACR_NAME  --sku Basic
 </code></pre>

 <p>The full name of the private container registry will be <code>$ACR_NAME.azurecr.io</code>. This name needs to be used with the <code>docker push</code> command when pushing container images to the registry.</p>

 <h4 id="log-in-to-container-registry">Log in to Container Registry</h4>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo az acr login --name $ACR_NAME
 </code></pre>

 <h3 id="create-azure-kubernetes-service-cluster">Create Azure Kubernetes Service Cluster</h3>

 <p>Now it&rsquo;s time to create the AKS cluster.</p>

 <h4 id="create-service-principal">Create Service Principal</h4>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">az ad sp create-for-rbac --skip-assignment
 </code></pre>

 <p>If successful, <em>appId</em> and <em>password</em> will be displayed.</p>

 <h4 id="create-cluster">Create Cluster</h4>

 <pre><code class="language-sh"># It is recommended to use kubernetes 1.12.5 or higher
 # To list available versions run:
 # az aks get-versions --location westeurope --output table

 az aks create --name $AKS_CLUSTER_NAME --resource-group $AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP --node-count 3 --generate-ssh-keys --service-principal &quot;{appId}&quot; --client-secret &quot;{password}&quot; --enable-addons monitoring --kubernetes-version 1.13.5
 </code></pre>

 <h4 id="set-cluster-as-current-context-for-kubectl">Set Cluster as current Context for kubectl</h4>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">az aks get-credentials --resource-group $AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP --name $AKS_CLUSTER_NAME
 </code></pre>

 <h4 id="create-clusterrolebinding-for-kubernetes-dashboard">Create ClusterRoleBinding for Kubernetes dashboard</h4>

 <pre><code class="language-sh"># By default, AKS is deployed with RBAC enabled. Refer to this doc: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/kubernetes-dashboard

 kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubernetes-dashboard --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:kubernetes-dashboard
 </code></pre>

 <h4 id="deploy-helm-s-tiller-service">Deploy Helm&rsquo;s Tiller Service</h4>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">kubectl create serviceaccount --namespace kube-system tiller
 kubectl create clusterrolebinding tiller-cluster-rule --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:tiller

 helm init --service-account tiller
 </code></pre>

 <h4 id="grant-aks-cluster-access-to-container-registry">Grant AKS Cluster access to Container Registry</h4>

 <pre><code class="language-sh"># Get the id of the service principal configured for AKS
 CLIENT_ID=$(az aks show --resource-group $AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP --name $AKS_CLUSTER_NAME --query &quot;servicePrincipalProfile.clientId&quot; --output tsv)

 # Get the ACR registry resource id
 ACR_ID=$(az acr show --name $ACR_NAME --resource-group $AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP --query &quot;id&quot; --output tsv)

 # Create role assignment
 az role assignment create --assignee $CLIENT_ID --role acrpull --scope $ACR_ID
 </code></pre>

 <h4 id="optional-create-retain-storageclass-for-the-device-registry">(Optional) Create retain StorageClass for the Device Registry</h4>

 <p>With the <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/concepts-storage">reclaim policy retain</a> AKS ensures that your storage persists even through Hono redeployments.</p>

 <p>Create a file <code>managed-premium-retain.yaml</code> with the following content.</p>

 <pre><code class="language-yaml">kind: StorageClass
 apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
 metadata:
   name: managed-premium-retain
 provisioner: kubernetes.io/azure-disk
 reclaimPolicy: Retain
 parameters:
   storageaccounttype: Premium_LRS
   kind: Managed
 </code></pre>

 <p>Now apply to your AKS cluster:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-shell">kubectl apply -f managed-premium-retain.yaml
 </code></pre>

 <p>Note: in your helm deployment later you have to set the value <code>deviceRegistry.storageClass=managed-premium-retain</code>.</p>

 <h3 id="monitoring">Monitoring</h3>

 <p>You can monitor your cluster using Azure Monitor Insights.</p>

 <p>Navigate to <a href="https://portal.azure.com">https://portal.azure.com</a> -&gt; your resource group -&gt; your kubernetes cluster</p>

 <p>On an overview tab you fill find an information about your cluster (status, location, version, etc.). Also, here you will find a &ldquo;Monitor Containers&rdquo; link. Navigate to &ldquo;Monitor Containers&rdquo; and explore metrics and statuses of your Cluster, Nodes, Controllers and Containers.</p>

 <p>Another option is to use the kubernetes dashboard. To do this, run:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">az aks browse --resource-group $AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP --name $AKS_CLUSTER_NAME
 </code></pre>

 <p>This will create a port forward for Kubernetes&rsquo; dashboard on your local port 8001.
 Open <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8001">http://127.0.0.1:8001</a> in your browser and select <em>Namespace</em> <code>hono</code>, check status of your services, pods, etc.</p>

 <h3 id="cleaning-up">Cleaning up</h3>

 <p>Use the following command to delete all created resources (incl. the Kubernetes cluster and the private container registry)
 once they are no longer needed:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-sh">az group delete --name $AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP --yes --no-wait
 </code></pre>

 <h3 id="links">Links</h3>

 <ul>
 <li><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/?view=azure-cli-latest">Azure CLI</a></li>
 <li><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/">Azure Kubernetes Service</a></li>
 <li><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/container-registry/">Azure Container Registry</a></li>
 </ul>

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