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| <title>Setting Port 80 Access for a Non-Root User</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/docbook.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"><meta name="keywords" content="jetty, servlet, servlet-api, cometd, http, websocket, eclipse, maven, java, server, software"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Jetty : The Definitive Reference"><link rel="up" href="configuring-connectors.html" title="Chapter 6. Configuring Jetty Connectors"><link rel="prev" href="configuring-ssl.html" title="Configuring SSL/TLS"><link rel="next" href="configuring-security.html" title="Chapter 7. Configuring Security"><link xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" rel="shortcut icon" href="images/favicon.ico"><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shCore.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushJava.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushXml.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushBash.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushJScript.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushSql.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushProperties.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/shBrushPlain.js"></script><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="css/shCore.css"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="css/shThemeEclipse.css"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="css/font-awesome.min.css"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><table xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><tr><td style="width: 25%"><a href="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty"><img src="images/jetty-header-logo.png" alt="Jetty Logo"></a><br><span style="font-size: small"> |
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| </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="setting-port80-access"></a>Setting Port 80 Access for a Non-Root User</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setting-port80-access.html#using-ipchains">Using ipchains</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="setting-port80-access.html#using-iptables">Using iptables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="setting-port80-access.html#configuring-jetty-setuid-feature">Configuring Jetty's SetUID Feature</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="setting-port80-access.html#using-solaris10-user-rights-management-framework">Using the Solaris 10 User Rights Management Framework</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>On Unix-based systems, port 80 is protected; typically only the |
| superuser root can open it. For security reasons, it is not desirable to run |
| the server as root. This page presents several options to access port 80 as |
| a non-root user, including using ipchains, iptables, Jetty's SetUID feature, |
| xinetd, and the Solaris 10 User Rights Management Framework.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="using-ipchains"></a>Using ipchains</h3></div></div></div><p>On some Linux systems you can use the <span class="emphasis"><em>ipchains |
| REDIRECT</em></span> mechanism to redirect from one port to another inside |
| the kernel (if ipchains is not available, then usually iptables |
| is):</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen"># /sbin/ipchains -I input --proto TCP --dport 80 -j REDIRECT 8080</pre></div><p>This command instructs the system as follows: "Insert into the |
| kernel's packet filtering the following as the first rule to check on |
| incoming packets: if the protocol is TCP and the destination port is 80, |
| redirect the packet to port 8080". Be aware that your kernel must be |
| compiled with support for ipchains (virtually all stock kernels are). You |
| must also have the ipchains command-line utility installed. You can run |
| this command at any time, preferably just once, since it inserts another |
| copy of the rule every time you run it.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="using-iptables"></a>Using iptables</h3></div></div></div><p>On many Linux systems you can use the iptables REDIRECT mechanism to |
| redirect from one port to another inside the kernel (if iptables is not |
| available, then usually ipchains is).</p><p>You need to add something like the following to the startup scripts |
| or your firewall rules:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen"># /sbin/iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080</pre></div><p>The underlying model of iptables is different from ipchains, so the |
| forwarding normally happens only to packets originating off-box. You also |
| need to allow incoming packets to port 8080 if you use iptables as a local |
| firewall.</p><p>Be careful to place rules like this one early in your |
| <span class="emphasis"><em>input</em></span> chain. Such rules must precede any rule that |
| accepts the packet, otherwise the redirection won't occur. You can insert |
| as many rules as required if your server needs to listen on multiple |
| ports, as for HTTPS.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="configuring-jetty-setuid-feature"></a>Configuring Jetty's SetUID Feature</h3></div></div></div><p><a class="link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setuid" target="_top">SetUID</a> is |
| a technique that uses Unix-like file system access right to allow users to |
| run an executable that would otherwise require higher privileges.</p><p>Jetty's SetUID module allows you to run Jetty as a normal user even |
| when you need to run Jetty on port 80 or 443.</p><p>To use it with the jetty distribution:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Ensure that you have the http.mod (and <a class="link" href="quickstart-running-jetty.html#quickstart-starting-https" title="Adding SSL for HTTPS & HTTP2">https.mod</a> if you are using |
| SSL) <a class="link" href="startup-modules.html" title="Managing Startup Modules">modules enabled</a> for the |
| <a class="link" href="quickstart-running-jetty.html#creating-jetty-base" title="Creating a new Jetty Base">base</a> you are using. The |
| http.mod is enabled by default in the distribution, while the <a class="link" href="quickstart-running-jetty.html#quickstart-starting-https" title="Adding SSL for HTTPS & HTTP2">https.mod</a> is only enabled |
| in the <a class="link" href="quickstart-running-jetty.html#demo-webapps-base" title="Demo Base">demo-base</a> |
| directory.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Ensure that you have <a class="link" href="quickstart-running-jetty.html#quickstart-changing-jetty-port" title="Changing the Jetty Port">changed the http port</a> |
| to 80 (and <a class="link" href="quickstart-running-jetty.html#quickstart-changing-https-port" title="Changing the Jetty HTTPS Port">changed the |
| https port</a> to 443 if you are using SSL).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Enable the setuid.mod module:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen"># java -jar start.jar --add-to-start=setuid</pre></div><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title"><i class="icon-asterisk"></i> Note</h3><p>The --add-to-start command will enable the setuid module for |
| this and all subsequent executions of jetty. There are other ways |
| to enable the module, such as just for this execution. For more |
| information on the alternatives see the section on <a class="link" href="startup-modules.html" title="Managing Startup Modules">Managing Startup Modules</a>.</p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Edit the configuration for the setuid module to substitute the |
| userid and groupid of the user to switch to after starting. If you |
| used the <code class="code">--add-to-start</code> command, this configuration is in |
| the <code class="code">start.ini</code> file. If you used the |
| <code class="code">--add-to-startd</code> command instead, this configuration is in |
| the <code class="code">start.d/setuid.ini </code>file instead. Here are the lines |
| to configure:</p><div class="informalexample"><script type="syntaxhighlighter" class="brush: plain;toolbar: false"> |
| <![CDATA[jetty.startServerAsPrivileged=false |
| jetty.username=foo |
| jetty.groupname=bar |
| jetty.umask=002 |
| ]]> |
| </script></div><div xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times" class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title"><i class="icon-asterisk"></i> Note</h3><p>As well as opening the connectors as root, you can also have |
| jetty start the Server as root before changing to the non-root |
| user.</p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>You now need a native code library to do the user switching. |
| This code is hosted as part of the Jetty ToolChain project and it is |
| released independently from Jetty itself. You can find the source code |
| <a class="link" href="https://git.eclipse.org/c/jetty/org.eclipse.jetty.toolchain.git" target="_top">here</a> |
| in the <a class="link" href="https://git.eclipse.org/c/jetty/org.eclipse.jetty.toolchain.git/tree/jetty-setuid" target="_top">jetty-setuid</a> |
| project. Build it locally, which will produce a native library |
| appropriate for the operating system:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen"># mvn clean install</pre></div><p>If you built on a linux |
| machine you will find the native library in |
| <code class="code">jetty-setuid/libsetuid-linux/target/libsetuid-linux.so</code>. |
| If you built on a different operating system you will find the library |
| in a different subdirectory, with the name containing the name of the |
| operating system. You might like to copy this file into your jetty |
| distribution's lib directory.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Start jetty as the root user in your base directory, providing |
| the location of the native library to java. Here's an example of how |
| to do it on the command line, assuming were are in the <a class="link" href="quickstart-running-jetty.html#demo-webapps-base" title="Demo Base">demo-base</a> directory:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen"># sudo java -Djava.library.path=libsetuid-linux -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar</pre></div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="using-solaris10-user-rights-management-framework"></a>Using the Solaris 10 User Rights Management Framework</h3></div></div></div><p>Solaris 10 provides a User Rights Management framework that can |
| permit users and processes superuser-like abilities:</p><div class="screenexample"><pre class="screen">usermod -K defaultpriv=basic,net_privaddr myself</pre></div><p>Now the <code class="code">myself</code> user can bind to port 80.</p><p>Refer to the <a class="link" href="http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23823_01/html/816-4557/prbactm-1.html#scrolltoc" target="_top"> |
| Solaris 10</a> and <a class="link" href="http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23824_01/html/821-1456/prbactm-1.html#scrolltoc" target="_top"> |
| Solaris 11 Security Services documentation</a> for more |
| information.</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> |
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| </script><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="configuring-ssl.html"><i class="icon-chevron-left"></i> Previous</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="configuring-connectors.html"><i class="icon-chevron-up"></i> Top</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="configuring-security.html">Next <i class="icon-chevron-right"></i></a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Configuring SSL/TLS </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><i class="icon-home"></i> Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 7. Configuring Security</td></tr></table></div><p xmlns:jfetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.JavaSourceFetchExtension" xmlns:fetch="java:org.eclipse.jetty.xslt.tools.SourceFetchExtension" xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:l="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/xmlns/l10n/1.0" xmlns:xslthl="http://xslthl.sf.net" xmlns:gcse="http://www.google.com" xmlns:date="http://exslt.org/dates-and-times"><div class="jetty-callout"> |
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