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| <h1>Network Simulator ns-3</h1> |
| |
| <div class="article-style"> |
| <p>The ns-3 is a discrete-event network simulator that was developed as a replacement for the popular |
| network simulator 2 (ns-2) and mainly focuses upon improving the core architecture, software integration, |
| models, and educational components for real-world network devices and protocols. It simulates both |
| unicast and multicast protocols and is used extensively in research on mobile ad-hoc networks.</p> |
| <p>Regardless, ns-2 still remains in active use and will continue to be maintained in the near future. For |
| Eclipse MOSAIC coupling, only ns-3 will be available.</p> |
| <p>Like other network simulators, ns-3 has a relatively steep learning curve, especially compared to GUI- |
| based simulators. If you have no prior experience with ns-3, we recommend familiarizing yourself with |
| the ns-3 simulation environment and the ns-3 simulation basics first. The ns-3 documentation can be |
| found under: <a href="https://www.nsnam.org/documentation" target="_blank">https://www.nsnam.org/documentation</a></p> |
| <p>To take your first steps with ns-3, you might want to download 2 the latest version, build a copy of ns-3 (it |
| uses the Python-based build-system waf) and take a look at the examples, that are shipped within most |
| of the ns-3 source code repositories and packages. You might also examine the simulation output and try |
| to adjust it.</p> |
| <p>Typically, a ns-3 user will work under a Linux environment. For those running under Windows, there do |
| exist environments which simulate the Linux environment to various degrees. The ns-3 project has in the |
| past (but not presently) supported the Cygwin environment for these users (see <a href="http://www.cygwin.com" target="_blank">http://www.cygwin.com</a> |
| for details on downloading). MiniGW is presently not officially supported, however there are also |
| some people who managed to use it with ns-3. For detailed information of how to set up ns-3, please refer |
| to their Wiki: <a href="https://www.nsnam.org/wiki/Installation" target="_blank">https://www.nsnam.org/wiki/Installation</a></p> |
| <p>For more information on how to set up ns-3 with Eclipse MOSAIC, please just refer to the following section. We |
| prepared an installation script, which manages most of the required work.</p> |
| <div class="alert alert-warning"> |
| <div> |
| <p>As stated above, ns-3 is primarily developed on and for GNU/Linux platforms. |
| Since Windows is such a widely used platform and Cygwin is not a perfect emulation |
| of any Linux, we highly recommended for non-Linux users to consider the installation of a |
| Linux virtual machine with a virtual machine environment, such as |
| <a href="https://www.vmware.com/products/workstation-player.html" target="_blank">VMware</a> or <a href="https://www.virtualbox.org/" target="_blank">VirtualBox</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <table> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th style="text-align:left"></th> |
| <th style="text-align:left">Software information</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align:left"><strong>Developer(s)</strong></td> |
| <td style="text-align:left">Tom Henderson, Mathieu Lacage, George Riley, Mitch Watrous, Gustavo Carneiro, Tommaso Pecorella and others</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align:left"><strong>Written in</strong></td> |
| <td style="text-align:left">C++ (core) and Python (bindings)</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align:left"><strong>Operating system</strong></td> |
| <td style="text-align:left">GNU/Linux FreeBSD Mac OS X</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align:left"><strong>License</strong></td> |
| <td style="text-align:left">Free software: GNU GPLv2</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align:left"><strong>Website</strong></td> |
| <td style="text-align:left"><a href="http://www.nsnam.org/" target="_blank">http://www.nsnam.org/</a></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align:left"><strong>Supported version(s)</strong></td> |
| <td style="text-align:left">3.28</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align:left"><strong>Dependencies</strong></td> |
| <td style="text-align:left">libprotobuf 3.3.0</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align:left"></td> |
| <td style="text-align:left">libxml2</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align:left"></td> |
| <td style="text-align:left">libsqlite3</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td style="text-align:left"><strong>Deployed in MOSAIC all-in-one</strong></td> |
| <td style="text-align:left">no (and need a patch to link)</td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <h3 id="ns3-ambassador-folder-structure">ns3-ambassador folder structure</h3> |
| <pre><code class="language-plaintext">└─ <scenario_name> |
| └─ ns3 |
| ├─ ns3_config.json ................. Ambassador configuration file |
| ├─ configTechnologies.xml ...........ns-3 federate configuration file |
| └─ confWifi.xml .....................ns-3 federate configuration file |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="installation">Installation</h3> |
| <p>Eclipse MOSAIC offers support for the current stable release of ns-3 (3.28), that was released in March 2018. Older |
| versions of ns-3 (prior to 3.28) are not supported. However, also for newer versions we cannot guarantee |
| the correct operation. The coupling to Eclipse MOSAIC is designed in a manner of minimal code changes on the |
| ns-3 simulator itself to keep the update capabilities for future versions.</p> |
| <h4 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h4> |
| <p>For GNU/Linux platforms, the minimal requirements to run basic simulations are a <strong>gcc</strong> or <strong>clang</strong> compiler |
| and a <strong>Python</strong> interpreter. At least you need the following packages to be installed:</p> |
| <p><em><strong>Minimum requirement:</strong></em></p> |
| <pre><code>gcc |
| g++ |
| python |
| python-dev |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>For a complete list of required packages for different distributions, please refer to the ns-3 installation |
| guide: <a href="https://www.nsnam.org/wiki/Installation" target="_blank">https://www.nsnam.org/wiki/Installation</a></p> |
| <p>Please make sure the following libraries are installed before running the installation script:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>libxml2</li> |
| <li>libsqlite3</li> |
| <li>libprotobuf 3.3.0</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h4 id="run-the-installation-script">Run the installation script</h4> |
| <div class="alert alert-warning"> |
| <div> |
| <p>ns-3 requires several packages to be installed on your computer. You will |
| need to ensure, that all required libraries are present on your system before proceeding. You |
| may need superuser permissions to install packages.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="alert alert-warning"> |
| <div> |
| <p>If your local protobuf version does not fit the required one, the installation |
| may fail with an error. In that case, you can run the install script with the <code>-p</code> flag. This will |
| rebuild the protobuf files during installation and allow it to proceed correctly.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p>To ease the installation of ns-3 for Eclipse MOSAIC, the installation process has been delegated to an installation |
| script, that can be found in the associated ns-3 federate folder.</p> |
| <p><strong>ns3-ambassador federate folder structure:</strong></p> |
| <pre><code class="language-plaintext">└─ mosaic/bin/fed/ns3 |
| └─ ns3 |
| ├─ Dockerfile.sh ....................Dockerfile for ns-3 federate |
| └─ ns3_installer.sh ................ Installation script for ns-3 |
| </code></pre> |
| <p><strong>The ns-3 installation script accomplishes the following tasks:</strong></p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>Download ns-3 tarball from the official sources</li> |
| <li>Download the ns-3 federate for Eclipse MOSAIC.</li> |
| <li>Apply a patch to ns-3 in order to make it work with Eclipse MOSAIC.</li> |
| <li>Add the ns-3 federate to the waf build system.</li> |
| <li>Configure and build the patched ns-3 with the ns-3 federate.</li> |
| </ol> |
| <p><strong>In order to start the simulation, the following steps need to be performed:</strong></p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>Set up the <code>confWifi.xml</code>-file in the scenario folder (see section |
| |
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| <a href="/mosaic/docs/simulators/network_simulator_ns3/#configuration"> |
| Configuration |
| </a> |
| ). An example confWifi.xml - file is shipped with the Tiergarten scenario.</li> |
| <li>For reasonable result logging, the logger-configuration in <code>mosaic/etc/logback.xml</code> has to be adapted to support the ns-3 ambassador and federate.</li> |
| <li>At last ns-3 has to be activated in the <code>mosaic_config.xml</code> and the simulation can be started.</li> |
| </ol> |
| <h3 id="installation-in-docker-environment">Installation in Docker environment</h3> |
| <div class="alert alert-note"> |
| <div> |
| <p>This is an experimental feature. Please refer to our mailing list if you experience any problems.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p>This guide gives instructions to execute the ns-3 federate inside a docker container. If you already installed |
| ns-3 on your machine following the steps before, you can skip this section.</p> |
| <p>Docker is a new approach to execute software. More precisely, it “wraps software in a complete filesystem |
| that contains everything it needs to run: code, runtime, system tools, and system libraries”. As a result, the |
| software is executed within a container and its execution does not rely on the environment the container is running in.</p> |
| <p>In context of Eclipse MOSAIC, this approach allows to execute ns-3 within a docker container. The user does not |
| need to manually install ns-3 and can even run ns-3 on Windows hosts.</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>Install Docker ≥ 1.13 on your machine.</li> |
| <li>To get everything to work, please make sure to execute the following steps depending on your operating system: |
| <ul> |
| <li>Windows - In the settings, share the drive where Eclipse MOSAIC is installed on. You may need to restart docker in the reset tab.</li> |
| <li>Linux - Make sure your user account belongs to the unix-group <code>docker</code>. You may need to restart your machine.</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>Switch to the location of the Dockerfile in <code><mosaic>/bin/fed/ns3</code></li> |
| <li>Execute the following command on command line:<br> |
| <code>docker build -t ns3-federate</code>.<br> |
| This could take a while to finish.</li> |
| <li>Enter the name of the docker image <code>etc/runtime.json</code> in the <code>ns3</code>-section into the property <code>dockerImage</code>:</li> |
| </ol> |
| <pre><code class="language-json">"federates": [ |
| ... |
| { |
| "id": "ns3", |
| "dockerImage": "ns3-federate", |
| ... |
| }, |
| ... |
| ] |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>You can test the installation of your docker image with the Tiergarten scenario, by activating ns3 in the <code>scenario_config.json</code>.</p> |
| <h3 id="configuration">Configuration</h3> |
| <p>The whole ns-3 specific configuration is done via the <code>confWifi.xml</code> and <code>configTechnologies.xml</code> files.</p> |
| <p><strong>confWifi.xml:</strong></p> |
| <pre><code class="language-xml"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> |
| <wifi> |
| <!-- IPv4 address generator --> |
| <ipConfiguration> |
| <ip address="192.168.0.0" mask="255.255.0.0"/> |
| </ipConfiguration> |
| <!-- Calculate a propagation delay --> |
| <propagationDelayModel> |
| <delay model= "ns3::NonePropagationDelayModel"/> |
| </propagationDelayModel> |
| <!-- Modelize the propagation loss through a transmission medium --> |
| <propagationLossModel> |
| <loss model= "ns3::FriisPropagationLossModel"/> |
| </propagationLossModel> |
| <wifiConfiguration> |
| <!-- Create non QoS-enabled MAC layers --> |
| <wifiMac property="type" value="ns3::AdhocWifiMac"/> |
| <!-- Wifi PHY mode --> |
| <wifiManager property="phyMode" value="OfdmRate54Mbps"/> |
| <!-- Wifi manager --> |
| <wifiManager property="type" value="ns3::ConstantRateWifiManager"/> |
| <!-- The energy of a received signal should be higher than this threshold (dbm) to allow the PHY layer to detect the signal --> |
| <wifiPhy property="EnergyDetectionThreshold" value="-81.0"/> |
| <!-- The energy of a received signal should be higher than this threshold (dbm) to allow the PHY layer to declare CCA BUSY state --> |
| <wifiPhy property="CcaMode1Threshold" value="-99.0"/> |
| <!-- Transmission gain (dB) --> |
| <wifiPhy property="TxGain" value="0.0"/> |
| <!-- Reception gain (dB) --> |
| <wifiPhy property="RxGain" value="0.0"/> |
| <!-- Number of transmission power levels available between TxPowerStart and TxPowerEnd included --> |
| <wifiPhy property="TxPowerLevels" value="1"/> |
| <!-- Maximum available transmission level (dbm) --> |
| <wifiPhy property="TxPowerEnd" value="17.0"/> |
| <!-- Minimum available transmission level (dbm) --> |
| <wifiPhy property="TxPowerStart" value="17.0"/> |
| <!-- Loss (dB) in the Signal-to-Noise-Ratio due to non-idealities in the receiver --> |
| <wifiPhy property="RxNoiseFigure" value="0.0"/> |
| <!-- Channel center frequency = Channel starting frequency + 5 MHz * (nch - 1) --> |
| <wifiPhy property="ChannelNumber" value="1"/> |
| </wifiConfiguration> |
| </wifi> |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>The IP configuration information includes the network address and network mask. The ns-3 propagation |
| module defines two generic interfaces, namely <strong>PropagationLossModel</strong> and <strong>PropagationDelayModel</strong>, |
| for the modelling of propagation loss respectively propagation delay.</p> |
| <p>In the default <code>confWifi.xml</code>, the Wi-Fi device uses the ns-3 standard propagation delay model |
| <code>ns3::ConstantSpeedPropagationDelayModel</code> and the ns-3 standard propagation loss model |
| <code>ns3::FriisPropagationLossModel</code>. Radio propagation models in ns-3 can easily be exchanged with |
| the ns-3 class registration system (see the ns-3 documentation for details). The Wi-Fi configuration |
| includes additional parameters, like sending power and antenna gain.</p> |
| <p><strong>configTechnologies.xml:</strong></p> |
| <pre><code class="language-xml"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> |
| <ns3Configuration> |
| <installers> |
| <installer type="ns3::WifiVehicleInstaller" name="WifiVehicle" file="confWifi.xml" default="true" /> |
| <installer type="ns3::MobilityModelInstaller" name="Mobility" default="true" /> |
| </installers> |
| </ns3Configuration> |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>The configuration manager of the ns-3 federate defines, which installer should be loaded for the Wi-Fi |
| device (refering to the <code>confWifi.xml</code>) and the mobility model. Usually, you don’t need to take any |
| changes and simply use the default configuration file, that ships with the ns-3 federate.</p> |
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