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<title>N4JS Design Specification</title>
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<h1>N4JS Design Specification</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">2019-08-08 13:15:33 CEST</span><br>
<span id="revnumber">version 0.9</span>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="introduction.html#_introduction">1. Introduction</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="introduction.html#notation">1.1. Notation</a></li>
<li><a href="introduction.html#sec:IDE_Overview">1.2. IDE Components</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="introduction.html#sec:Naming_Conventions">1.2.1. Naming Conventions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="eclipse_setup.html#_eclipse-setup">2. Eclipse Setup</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="eclipse_setup.html#_system-requirements">2.1. System Requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="eclipse_setup.html#_contribute">2.2. Contribute</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="eclipse_setup.html#_eclipse-installer">2.2.1. Eclipse Installer</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="eclipse_setup.html#_changing-the-setup-script">2.2.1.1. Changing the Setup Script</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="eclipse_setup.html#_manual-ide-configuration">2.2.2. Manual IDE Configuration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="release_engineering.html#_release-engineering">3. Release Engineering</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="release_engineering.html#_nightly-build-on-eclipse-infrastructure">3.1. Nightly build on Eclipse infrastructure</a></li>
<li><a href="release_engineering.html#_build-the-n4js-ide-from-command-line">3.2. Build the N4JS IDE from command line</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="release_engineering.html#_publish-maven-tooling-code-org-eclipse-n4js-releng-util-code">3.2.1. Publish maven-tooling <code>org.eclipse.n4js.releng.util</code></a></li>
<li><a href="release_engineering.html#sec:test-verdaccio">3.2.2. Test Verdaccio containing n4js-libs</a></li>
<li><a href="release_engineering.html#_generation-of-eclipse-help-for-spec-and-design-document">3.2.3. Generation of Eclipse help for spec and design document</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="release_engineering.html#_updating-frameworks-and-dependencies">3.3. Updating frameworks and dependencies</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="release_engineering.html#_update-of-eclipse-emf-xtext-etc">3.3.1. Update of Eclipse, EMF, Xtext, etc.</a></li>
<li><a href="release_engineering.html#_update-of-the-embedded-jre">3.3.2. Update of the embedded JRE</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tips_and_tricks.html#_tips-and-tricks">4. Tips and Tricks</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="tips_and_tricks.html#_naming">4.1. Naming</a></li>
<li><a href="tips_and_tricks.html#_logging">4.2. Logging</a></li>
<li><a href="tips_and_tricks.html#_cancellation-handling">4.3. Cancellation Handling</a></li>
<li><a href="tips_and_tricks.html#_caching">4.4. Caching</a></li>
<li><a href="tips_and_tricks.html#_dependency-injection">4.5. Dependency Injection</a></li>
<li><a href="tips_and_tricks.html#_miscellaneous">4.6. Miscellaneous</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="parser.html#_parser">5. Parser</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:Parser_Overview">5.1. Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:N4JS_Parser">5.2. N4JS Parser</a></li>
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:Parser_Generation_Post_Processing">5.3. Parser Generation Post-Processing</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:Automatic_Semicolon_Insertion">5.3.1. Automatic Semicolon Insertion</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:Injected_code_in_the_Antlr_grammar_file">5.3.1.1. Injected code in the Antlr grammar file</a></li>
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:Customized_error_recovery">5.3.1.2. Customized error recovery</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:_No_line_terminator_allowed_here__handling">5.3.2. Async and <code>No line terminator allowed here</code> Handling</a></li>
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:Regular_Expression">5.3.3. Regular Expression</a></li>
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:Unicode">5.3.4. Unicode</a></li>
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:Literals">5.3.5. Literals</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:Modifiers">5.4. Modifiers</a></li>
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:Conflict_Resolutions">5.5. Conflict Resolutions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:Reserved_Keywords_vs__Identifier_Names">5.5.1. Reserved Keywords vs. Identifier Names</a></li>
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:Operators_and_Generics">5.5.2. Operators and Generics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="parser.html#sec:Content_Assist_Parser">5.6. Content-Assist Parser</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="type_system.html#_type-system">6. Type System</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Type_Model_and_Grammar">6.1. Type Model and Grammar</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Type_Model_Overview">6.1.1. Type Model Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Built_in_Types">6.1.2. Built-in and Primitive Types</a></li>
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Type_Model_DSL">6.1.3. Type Model DSL</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Type_System_Implementation">6.2. Type System Implementation</a></li>
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Type_Inference_combined_with_AST_Traversal">6.3. Type Inference of AST</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Type_Inference_combined_with_AST_Traversal__Background">6.3.1. Background</a></li>
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Triggering_Type_Inference_of_AST">6.3.2. Triggering</a></li>
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Traversal_Order_During_Type_Inference_of_AST">6.3.3. Traversal Order</a></li>
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Cross_References_During_Type_Inference_of_AST">6.3.4. Cross-References</a></li>
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Function_Accessor_Bodies_During_Type_Inference_of_AST">6.3.5. Function/Accessor Bodies</a></li>
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Poly_Expressions_During_Type_Inference_of_AST">6.3.6. Poly Expressions</a></li>
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Constraint_Solver_used_During_Type_Inference_of_AST">6.3.7. Constraint Solver</a></li>
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Type_Guards_During_Type_Inference_of_AST">6.3.8. Type Guards</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="type_system.html#sec:Structural_Typing">6.4. Structural Typing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#_type-index">7. Type Index</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="type_index.html#sec:Type_Index_Design_Rationale">7.1. Design Rationale</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="type_index.html#sec:Getting_the_Xtext_Index_Content_IResourceDescriptions">7.1.1. Getting the Xtext Index (<code>IResourceDescriptions</code>) Content</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#sec:Design_Overview">7.2. Design Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#sec:N4JS_Resource_Load_States">7.3. N4JS Resource Load States</a></li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#sec:Type_Builder">7.4. Types Builder</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="type_index.html#sec:Type_Inference_not_allowed_in_Type_Builder">7.4.1. Type Inference not allowed in Types Builder</a></li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#sec:ComputedTypeReferences">7.4.2. Deferred Type References</a></li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#sec:Use_cases_of_ComputedTypeRef">7.4.3. Use cases of DeferredTypeRef</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#sec:Incremental_Builder_Overview">7.5. Incremental Builder (Overview)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="type_index.html#sec:Incremental_Builder_Overview__XtextBuilder">7.5.1. XtextBuilder</a></li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#sec:Incremental_Builder_Overview__IBuilderState">7.5.2. IBuilderState</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="type_index.html#copy-and-update-xtext-index">7.5.2.1. Copy and Update Xtext Index</a></li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#build-state-setup-phase">7.5.2.2. Build State Setup Phase</a></li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#process-queued-uris">7.5.2.3. Process Queued URIs</a></li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#queueing-affected-resources">7.5.2.4. Queueing Affected Resources</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#sec:Incremental_Builder_Overview__Example">7.5.3. Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#dirty-state-handling">7.6. Dirty state handling</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="type_index.html#use-case-restoring-types-from-user-data">7.6.1. Use case: Restoring types from user data</a></li>
<li><a href="type_index.html#use-case-updating-the-xtext-index">7.6.2. Use case: Updating the Xtext index</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="project_model.html#_project-model">8. Project Model</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="project_model.html#sec:Package_json">8.1. Package.json File</a></li>
<li><a href="project_model.html#_accessing-project-information">8.2. Accessing Project Information</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="project_model.html#sec:IN4JSCore">8.2.1. IN4JSCore</a></li>
<li><a href="project_model.html#sec:N4JSModel">8.2.2. N4JSModel</a></li>
<li><a href="project_model.html#sec:N4JSWorkspace">8.2.3. N4JSWorkspace</a></li>
<li><a href="project_model.html#sec:N4JSProject">8.2.4. N4JSProject</a></li>
<li><a href="project_model.html#sec:SourceContainer">8.2.5. SourceContainer</a></li>
<li><a href="project_model.html#sec:N4JSProjectsStateHelper">8.2.6. N4JSProjectsStateHelper</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="project_model.html#sec:Caching">8.3. Caching</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="project_model.html#_caching-of-externallibraryworkspace">8.3.1. Caching of ExternalLibraryWorkspace</a></li>
<li><a href="project_model.html#_caching-of-n4jsprojectsstatehelper">8.3.2. Caching of N4JSProjectsStateHelper</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="project_model.html#sec:WildcardPathFilter">8.4. WildcardPathFilter</a></li>
<li><a href="project_model.html#sec:ProjectUtils">8.5. ProjectUtils</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="binding.html#_binding">9. Binding</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="binding.html#sec:Binding_Design_Rationale">9.1. Design Rationale</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#sec:Binding_to_Members">9.2. Binding to Members</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#sec:Binding_Getter_Setter">9.3. Getter / Setter Binding</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#chap:Statics">9.4. Static Member Binding</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#sec:Binding_Enumeration">9.5. Enumeration Literals Binding</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#sec:Accessibility_of_types_and_members">9.6. Accessibility of types and members</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#sec:Member_Scope_Example">9.7. Member Scope Example</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#sec:Scoping_for_Members_of_Composed_Type_Explained">9.8. Scoping for Members of Composed Type (Union/Intersection) Example</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#sec:Binding_of_Structurally_References_Types">9.9. Structurally References Types</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#sec:Building">9.10. Building</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="binding.html#sec:Build_Phases">9.10.1. Build Phases</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#sec:Build_Scenarios">9.10.2. Build Scenarios</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#sec:Lazy_linking_problem">9.10.3. Lazy linking problem</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="binding.html#sec:Proxies_and_Proxy_Resolution">9.11. Proxies and Proxy Resolution (Overview)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="binding.html#xtexts-lazy-linking-proxies">9.11.1. Xtext’s Lazy Linking Proxies</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#standard-emf-proxies">9.11.2. Standard EMF Proxies</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#_how-is-proxy-resolution-triggered">9.11.3. How is Proxy Resolution Triggered?</a></li>
<li><a href="binding.html#_when-is-proxy-resolution-allowed">9.11.4. When is Proxy Resolution Allowed?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="validation.html#_validation">10. Validation</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="validation.html#sec:validation_overview">10.1. Validation overview</a></li>
<li><a href="validation.html#sec:validation_control_flow">10.2. Validation control flow</a></li>
<li><a href="validation.html#sec:validation_issue_ids">10.3. Issue IDs and Messages</a></li>
<li><a href="validation.html#sec:validation_usage_patterns">10.4. Usage Pattern</a></li>
<li><a href="validation.html#sec:validation_links">10.5. Links</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="references.html#_references">11. References</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="references.html#sec:usecases">11.1. Use cases</a></li>
<li><a href="references.html#sec:calculation_algorithm">11.2. Calculation algorithm</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="references.html#sec:Xtext_default_implementation">11.2.1. Xtext default implementation</a></li>
<li><a href="references.html#sec:N4_implementation">11.2.2. N4JS implementation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="references.html#sec:PerformanceOfDependencyCalculation">11.3. Performance Of Dependency Calculation</a></li>
<li><a href="references.html#sec:kinds_of_references">11.4. Kinds of references</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="references.html#sec:Cross_References_to_be_ignored">11.4.1. Cross References to be ignored</a></li>
<li><a href="references.html#sec:Cross_References_to_be_handled">11.4.2. Cross References to be handled</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="references.html#sec:transitive_dependencies">11.5. Transitive dependencies</a></li>
<li><a href="references.html#sec:find-references">11.6. Find references</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="references.html#_background">11.6.1. Background</a></li>
<li><a href="references.html#_how-find-references-work">11.6.2. How Find References Work</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="references.html#_step-1-convert-cursor-position-to-declared-element">11.6.2.1. Step 1: Convert Cursor Position to Declared Element</a></li>
<li><a href="references.html#_step-2-convert-declared-element-to-target-uris">11.6.2.2. Step 2: Convert Declared Element to Target URIs</a></li>
<li><a href="references.html#_step-3-filter-potential-resources">11.6.2.3. Step 3: Filter Potential Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="references.html#_step-4-search-references-in-resource">11.6.2.4. Step 4: Search References in Resource</a></li>
<li><a href="references.html#_limitations-and-possible-enhancements">11.6.2.5. Limitations and Possible Enhancements</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#_compilation">12. Compilation</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="compilation.html#chap:compilation">12.1. Introduction</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:general_design_rationals">12.1.1. General design rationals</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:logging_and_error_reporting">12.1.1.1. Logging and error reporting</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:progress_monitor">12.1.1.2. Progress monitor</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Xtext_Integration">12.1.2. Xtext Integration</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:xtext_default_behaviour">12.1.2.1. Xtext default behaviour</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:n4js_requirements">12.1.2.2. N4JS requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:compiler_discovery_in_ui">12.1.2.3. Compiler discovery in UI</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:compiler_discovery_in_headless">12.1.2.4. Compiler discovery in headless</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:general_generator_implementation">12.1.2.5. General generator implementation</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:general_generator_activation">12.1.2.6. General generator activation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Overview_of_Input_Models">12.1.3. Overview of the Input Models</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Core_Generator">12.2. Generators</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Compiler_Components">12.2.1. Generator Components</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Generator_architecture">12.2.2. Generator architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Unified_Compiler_Configuration">12.2.3. Unified Compiler Configuration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Transpilers">12.3. Transpilers</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Phases">12.3.1. Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#relation-between-ast-and-im">12.3.2. Relation between AST and IM</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#implementation-overview">12.3.3. Implementation Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Guidelines_for_Implementing_Transformations">12.3.4. Guidelines for Implementing Transformations</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#symbol-table-in-the-im">12.3.5. Symbol Table in the IM</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:N4JS_to_EcmaScript_Transpiler">12.4. N4JS-to-EcmaScript Transpiler</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Overview_of_Transformations">12.4.1. Overview of Transformations</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Transpiling_members">12.4.2. Transpiling members</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Transpiling_members__Delegating_members">12.4.2.1. Techniques for special member handling</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Transpiling_members__Partial_shadowing_of_getter_setter_pairs">12.4.2.2. Partial shadowing</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Transpiling_members__Consuming_or_inheriting_members_of_an_interface">12.4.2.3. Consuming or inheriting members of an interface</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Transpiling_members__Static_polyfill">12.4.2.4. Static polyfill</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Transpiling_members__API_implementation_stubs">12.4.2.5. API / implementation stubs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Support_for_incomplete_API_implementation_testing_in_the_N4JS_to_EcmaScript_5_Transpiler">12.4.3. Support for incomplete API implementation testing</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Modifications_in_Impl_projects">12.4.3.1. Modifications in Impl projects</a></li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:Implementation_of_stub_generation">12.4.3.2. Implementation of stub-generation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:n4jsc_Headless_Compiler_Interface">12.5. n4jsc Headless Compiler Interface</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="compilation.html#sec:building_the_headless_compiler">12.5.1. building the headless compiler</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="execution.html#_execution">13. Execution</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="execution.html#sec:N4JS_Project_Execution_And_Linking_Model">13.1. N4JS Project Execution And Linking Model</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="execution.html#subsec:N4JS_Execution_With_NodeJS">13.1.1. N4JS Execution With NodeJS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="execution.html#sec:N4JS_Execution_And_Linking_File">13.2. N4JS Execution And Linking File</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="execution.html#subsec:NodeJS_Specific_ELF">13.2.1. NodeJS Specific ELF</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="execution.html#sec:Runners-execution">13.3. Runners</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="execution.html#subsec:N4_Runtime_Environments_Convention">13.3.1. N4 Runtime Environments Convention</a></li>
<li><a href="execution.html#subsec:Passing_Information_from_IDE_to_Execution_Code_in_Runtime_Environment">13.3.2. Passing Information from IDE to Execution Code in Runtime Environment</a></li>
<li><a href="execution.html#subsec:Runners_Design">13.3.3. Runners Design</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="execution.html#sec:Legacy_Execution_Engine">13.4. Legacy Execution Engine</a></li>
<li><a href="execution.html#sec:Design">13.5. Design</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="execution.html#sec:Usage_Outside_N4JSIDE">13.5.1. Usage Outside N4JSIDE</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="execution.html#sec:Use_Node_with_Maven">13.5.1.1. Use Node with Maven</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="execution.html#sec:Usage_Inside_N4JSIDE">13.5.2. Usage Inside N4JSIDE</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="execution.html#sec:Runtime_Injection">13.6. Runtime Injection</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="execution.html#sec:Running_String_Code">13.6.1. Running String Code</a></li>
<li><a href="execution.html#sec:Running_File_Code">13.6.2. Running File Code</a></li>
<li><a href="execution.html#sec:Injection_Code_Example">13.6.3. Injection Code Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#_tests">14. Tests</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Performance_Tests">14.1. Performance Tests</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Synthetic_Performance_Tests">14.1.1. Synthetic Performance Tests</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Design_of_Generator">14.1.1.1. Design of Generator</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Design_of_Performance_Test_Execution">14.1.1.2. Design of Performance Test Configuration and Execution</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:JUnit_Configuration">14.1.1.3. JUnit Configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:JUnitBenchmark_Test_Configuration">14.1.1.4. JUnitBenchmark Test Configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:JUnitBenchmark_Report_Configuration">14.1.1.5. JUnitBenchmark Report Configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:JUnitBenchmark_Run_Configuration">14.1.1.6. JUnitBenchmark Run Configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:JUnitBenchmark_Example">14.1.1.7. JUnitBenchmark Example</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Note_on_Jenkins_Job">14.1.1.8. Note on Jenkins Job</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:ECMA_Tests">14.2. ECMA Tests</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Grammar_Tests">14.2.1. Grammar Tests</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Negative_Tests">14.2.1.1. Negative Tests</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Test_Exclusion">14.2.1.2. Test Exclusion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Integration_Tests">14.3. Integration Tests</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Test_Helpers">14.4. Test Helpers</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Parameterized_N4JS_Tests">14.4.1. Parameterized N4JS tests</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:ParameterizedXtextRunner">14.4.1.1. ParameterizedXtextRunner</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:TestCodeProvider">14.4.1.2. TestCodeProvider</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Example_Of_Parameterized_Parser_Test">14.4.1.3. Example of parameterized parser test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Issue_Suppression">14.5. Issue Suppression</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Xpect_Tests">14.6. Xpect Tests</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Xpect_Test_Setup">14.6.1. Xpect Test Setup</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Xpect_Issue_Suppression">14.6.2. Xpect Issue Suppression</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Xpect_Provided_Test_Methods">14.6.3. Xpect Provided Test Methods</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="tests.html#errors">14.6.3.1. errors</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#warnings">14.6.3.2. warnings</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:N4JS_Specific_Xpect_Test_Methods">14.6.4. N4JS Specific Xpect Test Methods</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_noerrors">14.6.4.1. noerrors and nowarnings</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_scope">14.6.4.2. scope</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_scopeWithPosition">14.6.4.3. scopeWithPosition</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_scopeWithResource">14.6.4.4. scopeWithResource</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_binding">14.6.4.5. binding</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_linkedPathname">14.6.4.6. linkedPathname</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_type_of">14.6.4.7. type of</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_expectedType">14.6.4.8. expectedType</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_elementKeyword">14.6.4.9. elementKeyword</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_accessModifier">14.6.4.10. accessModifier</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_compileResult">14.6.4.11. compileResult</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_output">14.6.4.12. output</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_outputRegEx">14.6.4.13. outputRegEx</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_calculatedAccessModifier">14.6.4.14. calculatedAccessModifier</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_spec">14.6.4.15. spec</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_deadCode">14.6.4.16. deadCode</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_returnOrThrows">14.6.4.17. returnOrThrows</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_lint">14.6.4.18. lint</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:XPECT_lintFails">14.6.4.19. lintFails</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:FIXME_Xpect_modifier">14.6.5. FIXME Xpect modifier</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Expectmatrix_Xpect_Test_Methods">14.6.6. Expectmatrix Xpect tests</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#xpect-lint-tests">14.6.7. Xpect Lint Tests</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#xpect-proposal-tests">14.7. Xpect Proposal Tests</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Validation_vs__Non_Validation">14.7.1. Validation vs. Non-Validation</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:General_Proposal_Test_Features">14.7.2. General Proposal Test Features</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Test_Variables">14.7.2.1. Test Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Location_and_Selection">14.7.2.2. at – Location and Selection</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Multi_Line_Expectations_in_Proposal_Tests">14.7.2.3. Multi Line Expectations in Proposal Tests</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Timeout">14.7.2.4. Timeout and Performance</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#proposals-verify-existence-of-proposals">14.7.3. proposals – Verify Existence of Proposals</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Verify_displayed_string">14.7.4. display – Verify displayed string</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Apply_Proposal">14.7.5. apply – Apply Proposal</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="tests.html#resource-application-in-other-files">14.7.5.1. resource – application in other files</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Content_Assist_Cycling">14.7.6. kind – Content Assist Cycling</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#fileValidVerify-validation-status">14.7.7. fileValid – Verify validation status</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Apply_Proposal_And_Execute_Tests">14.8. Apply Proposal And Execute Tests</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Organize_Imports_Test">14.9. Organize Imports Test</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="tests.html#organizeimports">14.9.1. organizeImports</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Access_Control_Test">14.10. Access Control Test</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="tests.html#test-scenarios">14.10.1. Test Scenarios</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#n4js-code-generator">14.10.2. N4JS Code Generator</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#xtext-issue-matcher">14.10.3. Xtext Issue Matcher</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Smoke_Tests">14.11. Smoke Tests</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="tests.html#how-to-handle-smoke-test-errors">14.11.1. How to handle smoke test errors?</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#smoketester-and-exceptionanalyzer">14.11.2. SmokeTester and ExceptionAnalyzer</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:UI_Tests_with_SWTBot">14.12. UI Tests with SWTBot</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="tests.html#writing-swtbot-tests">14.12.1. Writing SWTBot Tests</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#running-swtbot-tests">14.12.2. Running SWTBot Tests</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Debugging_UI_Tests">14.13. Debugging UI Tests</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Connecting_to_the_X_server_on_the_build_node">14.13.1. Connecting to the X-server on the build-node</a></li>
<li><a href="tests.html#sec:Tools_to_investigate_the_java_stack">14.13.2. Tools to investigate the java-stack</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#_ui-concepts">15. UI Concepts</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:User_Interface_Concepts">15.1. User Interface Concepts</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Eclipse_UI_Concepts">15.1.1. Eclipse UI Concepts</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Label_Provider">15.1.1.1. Label Provider</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Markers">15.1.1.2. Markers</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Commands__Toolbar_and_Menus">15.1.1.3. Commands, Toolbar and Menus</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Content_Assist">15.1.1.4. Content Assist</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Quick_Fixes">15.1.1.5. Quick Fixes</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Quick_Assist">15.1.1.6. Quick Assist</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Clean_Up_Actions">15.1.1.7. Clean Up Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Save_Actions">15.1.1.8. Save Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Auto_Edit">15.1.1.9. Auto Edit</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Template_Proposals">15.1.1.10. Template Proposals</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Outline_View___Quick_Outline">15.1.1.11. Outline View / Quick Outline</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Navigator__Package_Explorer__Project_Explorer">15.1.1.12. Navigator, Package Explorer, Project Explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Hyperlinking_and_Navigation">15.1.1.13. Hyperlinking and Navigation</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Syntax_and_Semantic_Coloring">15.1.1.14. Syntax and Semantic Coloring</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Code_Formatter">15.1.1.15. Code Formatter</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Wizards">15.1.1.16. Wizards</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Cheat_Sheets">15.1.1.17. Cheat Sheets</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Context_sensitive_Help">15.1.1.18. Context-sensitive Help</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Hovers">15.1.1.19. Hovers</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Folding">15.1.1.20. Folding</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Customizable_validation___severity">15.1.1.21. Customizable validation / severity</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Proposals">15.1.1.22. Proposals</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Non_Eclipse_UI_Concepts">15.1.2. Non-Eclipse UI Concepts</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Overlays">15.1.2.1. Overlays</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Goto__Inferred__Type">15.1.2.2. Goto (Inferred) Type</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#sec:Postfix_Completion">15.1.2.3. Postfix Completion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#_user-interface-resources">15.2. User Interface Resources</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#_icons">15.2.1. Icons</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#_eclipse-platform-icons">15.2.1.1. Eclipse Platform Icons</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#_n4js-specific-icons">15.2.1.2. N4JS Specific Icons</a></li>
<li><a href="ui_concepts.html#_high-resolution-icons">15.2.1.3. High Resolution Icons</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="formatting.html#_formatting">16. Formatting</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="formatting.html#sec:FmtObjective">16.1. Objective</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="formatting.html#sec:FmtFormatting_Comments">16.1.1. Formatting Comments</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="formatting.html#sec:FmtArchitecture">16.2. Architecture</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="formatting.html#sec:Implementation_example">16.2.1. Implementation example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="formatting.html#sec:FmtFormatter_Implementation_Guidelines">16.3. Formatter Implementation Guidelines</a></li>
<li><a href="formatting.html#sec:FmtConfiguration">16.4. Configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="formatting.html#sec:FmtUI_Integration">16.5. UI Integration</a></li>
<li><a href="formatting.html#sec:FmtUnit_Testing_with_Xpect">16.6. Unit Testing with Xpect</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#_external-libraries">17. External Libraries</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#sec:Major_Components">17.1. Major Components</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#subsec:External_Resources">17.1.1. External Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#subsec:External_Library_Workspace">17.1.2. External Library Workspace</a></li>
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#subsec:External_Library_Preference_Store">17.1.3. External Library Preference Store</a></li>
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#subsec:npm_Manager">17.1.4. Library Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#subsec:External_Library_Builder_Helper">17.1.5. External Library Builder</a></li>
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#subsec:External_Library_Xtext_Index_Persister">17.1.6. External Library Xtext Index Persister</a></li>
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#subsec:External_Library_Preference_Page">17.1.7. External Library Preference Page</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#sec:Headless_External_Library_Support">17.2. Headless External Library Support</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#_custom-npm-settings">17.2.1. Custom npm settings</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#sec:lmFutureWork">17.3. Future Work</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#subsec:lmMultipleDependencyScope">17.3.1. Multiple Dependency Scope</a></li>
<li><a href="external_libraries.html#subsec:lmRunTestsFromLibrary">17.3.2. Run Tests from TestLibrary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="json_support.html#sec:JSON_Support">18. JSON Support</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="json_support.html#sec:JSON_Parser">18.1. JSON Parser</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="json_support.html#sec:JSON_Parser_Unicode_Escaping">18.1.1. Escaping Unicode Control Characters in String Literals</a></li>
<li><a href="json_support.html#sec:JSON_Parser_Empty_Text">18.1.2. Empty Text</a></li>
<li><a href="json_support.html#sec:JSON_Parser_Nested_Structures">18.1.3. Nested Structures</a></li>
<li><a href="json_support.html#sec:JSON_Parser_Whitespace">18.1.4. Whitespace</a></li>
<li><a href="json_support.html#sec:JSON_Parser_Comments">18.1.5. Comments</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="json_support.html#sec:JSON_Language_Extensions">18.2. JSON Language Extensions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="json_support.html#sec:JSON_Validator_Extensions">18.2.1. JSON Validator Extensions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="json_support.html#sec:File_Specitic_Validator_Extensions">18.2.1.1. File-Specific Validator Extensions</a></li>
<li><a href="json_support.html#sec:JSON_Declarative_JSON_Validator_Extensions">18.2.1.2. Declarative JSON Validator Extensions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="json_support.html#_json-resource-description-strategy">18.2.2. JSON Resource Description Strategy</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_jsdoc">19. JSDoc</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#sec:Design_Rationale">19.1. Design Rationale</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_general-design">19.1.1. General Design</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec:Type_Expressions">19.1.2. Type Expressions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="docexporter.html#_docexporter">20. DocExporter</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="docexporter.html#sec:Specification_Exporter">20.1. Specification Exporter</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="rename_refactoring.html#_rename-refactoring">21. Rename Refactoring</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="rename_refactoring.html#_rename-refactoring-ui-interaction">21.1. Rename Refactoring UI interaction</a></li>
<li><a href="rename_refactoring.html#_renameelementprocessor-interaction">21.2. RenameElementProcessor interaction</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#chap:flowgraphs">22. Flow Graphs</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#sec:flowgraphs_overview">22.1. Flow graphs overview</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_internal-graph">22.1.1. Internal graph</a></li>
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_optimizations">22.1.2. Optimizations</a></li>
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_api-for-client-analyses">22.1.3. API for client analyses</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_mapping-from-internal-to-ast-elements">22.1.3.1. Mapping from internal to AST elements</a></li>
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_graph-visitor">22.1.3.2. Graph visitor</a></li>
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_graph-explorer">22.1.3.3. Graph explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_branch-walker">22.1.3.4. Branch walker</a></li>
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_example-1-compute-string-for-each-path">22.1.3.5. Example 1: Compute string for each path</a></li>
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_path-quantor">22.1.3.6. Path quantor</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_control-flow-analyses">22.1.4. Control flow analyses</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_dead-code-analysis">22.1.4.1. Dead code analysis</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#sec:dataflow">22.2. Dataflow</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_dataflow-graph">22.2.1. Dataflow graph</a></li>
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_dataflow-analyses">22.2.2. Dataflow analyses</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_def-def-def-nothing-analysis">22.2.2.1. Def&#8594;Def / Def&#8594;Nothing analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="flow_graphs.html#_def-use-decl-analysis">22.2.2.2. Def|Use&#8592;Decl analysis</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="publish_npms.html#sec:publish-npms-to-public">23. Publish npms</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="publish_npms.html#sec:publish-npms-n4js-maven">23.1. Publish n4js-libs to during maven build</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:Hints">Appendix A: Hints</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:XtextInjection">A.1. Xtext Injection</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:DI_MultipleInjectors_Singletons">A.1.1. Multiple Injectors and Singletons</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:DI_avoid_duplicate_singletons">A.1.1.1. Avoiding duplicate singletons</a>
<ul class="sectlevel5">
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:DI_binding_in_shared">A.1.1.1.1. Defining binding in the shared injector</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:DI_binding_in_custom">A.1.1.1.2. Defining binding in the custom injector</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:DI_Hints">A.1.2. Dependency Injection Hints</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:DI_custom_bundle">A.1.2.1. Use DI in custom bundle, use DI with extensions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel5">
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:DI_custom_bundle_problem">A.1.2.1.1. Problem</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:DI_custom_bundle_solution">A.1.2.1.2. Solution</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:Access_Other_DSL_Injector">A.1.2.2. How do I get the Guice Injector of my language?</a>
<ul class="sectlevel5">
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:DSL_Injector_UI_context">A.1.2.2.1. UI context</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:DSL_Injector_Non_UI_context">A.1.2.2.2. Non UI context but with injection context</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:DSL_Injector_Non_UI_non_injection_context">A.1.2.2.3. Non UI context without injection context</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:Cancel_Indicator">A.1.2.3. How do I get cancel indicators in different contexts?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:Eclipse">A.2. Eclipse</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:Show_Xtext_Index">A.2.1. Show the current Xtext index</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:Plugin_spy">A.2.2. Plug-in spy</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#sec:Maven-hints">A.3. Maven</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="appendix_a_hints.html#how-to-check-for-maven-mojo-updates">A.3.1. How to check for Maven MOJO updates</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#_module-loading">Appendix B: Module Loading</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Dependency_Management">B.1. Dependency Management</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#ecmascript-modules">B.2. ECMAScript Modules</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:ES5_Modules_Systems">B.2.1. ES5 Modules Systems</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:ES6_Modules">B.2.2. ES6 Modules</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:ECMAScript_Module_Loaders">B.3. ECMAScript Module Loaders</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:ES6_Module_Loaders">B.3.1. ES6 Module Loaders</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Polyfills_for_ES6_Module_Loaders">B.3.2. Polyfills for ES6 Module Loaders</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:es6_module_loader">B.3.2.1. es6-module-loader</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:SystemJS">B.3.2.2. SystemJS</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Demo">B.3.2.3. Demo</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#case-study-typescript">B.4. Case Study : TypeScript</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:ES6_Modules_Support">B.4.1. ES6 Modules Support</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:TypeScript_and_Module_Loading">B.4.2. TypeScript and Module Loading</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Cyclic_Dependencies">B.5. Cyclic Dependencies</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Setup">B.5.1. Setup</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Transpile_and_Execute">B.5.2. Transpile and Execute</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Module_Format___AMD">B.5.2.1. Module Format = AMD</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Module_Format___CommonJS">B.5.2.2. Module Format = CommonJS</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Module_Format___SystemJS">B.5.2.3. Module Format = SystemJS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Conclusion">B.5.3. Conclusion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#system.register-as-transpilation-target">B.6. System.register as transpilation target</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Introduction">B.6.1. Introduction</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:External_Transpilers">B.6.1.1. External Transpilers</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Example_of_a_System_register_module">B.6.1.2. Example of a System.register module</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Structure_of_a_System_register_module">B.6.2. Structure of a System.register module</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#_transpilation-hints">B.6.3. Transpilation Hints</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Handling_Imports">B.6.3.1. Handling Imports</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:__exportFn__">B.6.3.2. &lt;&lt;exportFn&gt;&gt;</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Handling_Exports">B.6.3.3. Handling Exports</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Examples_w__Circular_Dependencies">B.6.4. Examples w/ Circular Dependencies</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:N4JS_Examples_w__Circular_Dependencies">B.6.5. N4JS Examples w/ Circular Dependencies</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Unresolved_Cyclic_Dependencies">B.6.5.1. Unresolved Cyclic Dependencies</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Variables___Functions">B.6.5.2. Examples with Variables &amp; Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Classes">B.6.5.3. Examples with Classes</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Examples_with_SubClassing">B.6.5.4. Examples with SubClassing</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Miscellaneous">B.6.5.5. Miscellaneous</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#_resources">B.6.6. Resources</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:CommonJS_as_transpilation_target">B.7. CommonJS as transpilation target</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#_introduction-2">B.7.1. Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Transpilation_Hints">B.7.2. Transpilation Hints</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Import_Statements">B.7.2.1. Import Statements</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Export_Statements">B.7.2.2. Export Statements</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:Tracking_Live_Bindings">B.7.2.3. Tracking Live Bindings</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#sec:A_complete_example">B.7.2.4. A complete example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_b_module_loading.html#_resources-2">B.7.3. Resources</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="appendix_c_license.html#sec:License">Appendix C: License</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_d_acronyms.html#sec:Acronyms">Appendix D: Acronyms</a></li>
<li><a href="appendix_e_bibliography_and_footnotes.html#_bibliography-and-footnotes">Appendix E: Bibliography and Footnotes</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content"><div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_jsdoc"><a class="anchor" href="#_jsdoc"></a><a class="link" href="#_jsdoc">19. JSDoc</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="admonitionblock warning">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-warning" title=""></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
This chapter may be outdated.
</td>
</tr>
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</div>
<div class="sect2 language-n4js">
<h3 id="sec:Design_Rationale"><a class="anchor" href="#sec:Design_Rationale"></a><a class="link" href="#sec:Design_Rationale">19.1. Design Rationale</a></h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>JSDoc parser provides general API for parsing and obtaining information embedded in comments. This may have low significance for N4JS itself but is essential when working with JS dialects (e.g. vanilla JS) that use JSDoc comments for enrich given dialect with semantic information. Anticipated uses may include: - type information extraction when importing external code - validation of links between commented fragments - supporting markup for documentation</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title=""></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
Although current focus is on migration process we want to provide general solution that can be customized for given use cases
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_general-design"><a class="anchor" href="#_general-design"></a><a class="link" href="#_general-design">19.1.1. General Design</a></h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>When using the API client has to create instance of DocletParser and configure it with <em>LienTag</em>s and <em>InLineTag</em>s that are to be used.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>LineTags can depend on InlineTags (e.g. InlineTg in description of parameters of the LineTag). API provides support for that but client has to configure this.</p>
</div>
<div id="fig:cd_JSDocParserAPI" class="imageblock center">
<div class="content">
<img src="chapters/23_jsdoc/images/cd_JSDocParserAPI.svg" alt="cd JSDocParserAPI">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 49. JSDoc Parser API (without model)</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Initiated DocletParser can be used to parse <em>String</em> containing given JSDoc comment.Based on provided <em>ITagDefinition</em>s parser will parse input string and return JSDoc DOM AST (see fig. XX with ecore diagram). By querying tree structure client can obtain information extracted form parsed input String.</p>
</div>
<div id="fig:cd_JSDocModel" class="imageblock center">
<div class="content">
<img src="chapters/23_jsdoc/images/cd_JSDocModel.svg" alt="cd JSDocModel">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 50. JSDoc AST/DOM Model</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The root of the this AST is the Doclet. The doclet itself contains some content (as it is a Composite containing ContentNodes), usually Description and an arbitrary number of LineTags. LineTags are created by custom ITagDefinition implementations that extend AbstractLineTagDefinition. They contain the title and an arbitrary number of values, stored in a map. These values are Composite nodes as well, containing tag specific content. E.g., the parameter tag will create the values for the parameter type, the parameter name, and the description. Description (in LineTags as well as in doclet itself) is free text with optional InlineTags. InlineTags are created by custom ITagDefinition that extends AbstractInlineTagDefinition. In general tag values are designed as a comprise between a very general tree (basically containing only text nodes) and a structured typed tree (containing type expressions etc.). Although it should be possible to model a tag value by only using Text nodes, some special typed nodes are provided for sake of simplicity (and probably performance). E.g., TypeReferences are modeled using a typed node, in order to simplify external handling of these references (for type analysis, and refactorings such as renaming a type). New typed nodes will probably be introduced (see below). Markers can be attached to nodes for internal purposes. E.g., a marker can be used to distinguish different syntax versions of defining an array (<code>String[]</code> vs. <code>Array&lt;String&gt;</code>).Literals can be used to simplify rewriting. That is, they can contain information on line breaks, JSDoc line prefixes etc., which are not needed for the semantics of a tag, but only for the syntax (not used yet). Also, each node contains a position for simplifying rewriting.</p>
</div>
<div id="fig:cd_JSDocParserAndModel" class="imageblock center">
<div class="content">
<img src="chapters/23_jsdoc/images/cd_JSDocParserAndModel.svg" alt="cd JSDocParserAndModel">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 51. JSDoc Parser and Model</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="sec:Type_Expressions"><a class="anchor" href="#sec:Type_Expressions"></a><a class="link" href="#sec:Type_Expressions">19.1.2. Type Expressions</a></h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Type expressions are are not handled by JSDoc Parser by itself as instances of the grammars are use case specific, e.g. for migration purposes grammar for type expressions used in migration process is specific to the in question therefore specific type expressions parser will be provided separately.DocLetParser by default can only extract String representing given type expression, parsing and interpreting it stays in responsibility of given tag implementation provided by the client.</p>
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