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<title>OM2M</title> | |
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<p> | |
The OM2M project is a proposed open source project under the <a | |
href="http://projects.eclipse.org/projects/[top-level-project-id]">Eclipse | |
Technology Project</a>. | |
</p> | |
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<p> | |
This proposal is in the Project Proposal Phase (as defined in the | |
Eclipse Development Process) and is written to declare its intent and | |
scope. We solicit additional participation and input from the Eclipse | |
community. Please send all feedback to the <a | |
href="http://www.eclipse.org/forums/eclipse.proposals">Eclipse | |
Proposals</a> Forum. | |
</p> | |
<h2>Background</h2> | |
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<p>Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M) is a phenomenon that has | |
been proceeding quietly in the background, and it is coming into the | |
phase, where explosion of usage scenarios in businesses will happen. | |
Sensors, actuators, RFID/NFC tags, vehicles, and intelligent machines | |
all have the ability to communicate. The number of M2M connections is | |
continuously increasing, and it has been predicted to see billions of | |
machines interconnected in a near future. M2M applications provide | |
advantages in various domains from building, energy, healthcare, | |
industrial, transportation, retail, security to environmental | |
services. This fast-growing ecosystem is leading M2M towards a | |
promising future, however M2M market expansion opportunities are not | |
straight forward.</p> | |
<p>M2M is suffering from the highly fragmented vertical domain | |
specific approach, which has increased the R&D cost in each | |
specific domain. In fact, various vertical M2M solutions have been | |
designed independently and separately for different applications, | |
which inevitably impacts or even impedes large-scale M2M deployment. | |
The existence of multiple manufacturers, the lack of a common M2M | |
Service Capability Layer and no clarity about what can be achieved | |
have all combined to leave the field of M2M communications closer to | |
dream than reality.</p> | |
<p>To reduce the standardization gap which exist between M2M | |
domains, the ETSI Technical committee M2M defined an end to end M2M | |
service platform with the intermediate service layer that are key | |
components of the horizontal M2M solution. This standards based | |
platform follows a RESTful approach with open interfaces to enable | |
developing services and applications independently of the underlying | |
network, thus easing the deployment of vertical applications for an | |
effective interoperability, and facilitating innovation across | |
industries.</p> | |
<p>To avoid creation of competing M2M standards the 7 standards | |
developing organizations, that publish telecom standards: TTC, ARIB | |
(Japan), ATIS, TIA (USA), TTA (Korea) CCSA (China), ETSI (Europe) | |
started the OneM2M Global Initiative to develop one globally agreed | |
M2M Specification with initial focus on Service Layer. OneM2M aims to | |
consolidate current M2M Service Layer standards activities such as | |
ETSI TC M2M (Europe), TIA TR-50 (USA) and CCSA TC 10 (China), and to | |
reduce standardization overlap and confusion and provide ongoing | |
standards support to enhance interoperability, reduce market | |
fragmentation, and improve security and reliability.</p> | |
<h2>Scope</h2> | |
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<p>The OM2M project is an open source implementation of the ETSI | |
M2M standard. It provides a framework for developing services | |
independently of the underlying network and aims to facilitate | |
deployment of vertical applications and heterogeneous devices. The | |
scope of this project can be summarized as follows:</p> | |
<ul> | |
<li>Implement a Service Capability Layer (SCL) for an M2M | |
network, M2M gateway and M2M device according to the ETSI M2M | |
architecture.</li> | |
<li>API for applications is based on REST principles to enhance | |
interoperability and allow exposing data and providing services | |
through unreliable connections within a highly distributed | |
environment.</li> | |
<li>Support generic communication technologies for ensuring | |
multiple protocol binding such as HTTP and CoAP.</li> | |
<li>Re-use of the OMA-DM protocol as a remote entity management | |
service to perform software updates and life-cycle managements on | |
OMA-DM enabled devices based on SyncML files.</li> | |
<li>Ensure security based on the TLS-PSK protocol to enable | |
secure communication based on pre-shared keys.</li> | |
<li>Provides various interworking proxies to enable seamless | |
communication with non-ETSI compliant devices such as ZIGBEE and | |
PHIDGETS technologies.</li> | |
<li>Manage M2M SCLs mutual authentications and M2M applications | |
registrations</li> | |
<li>Provide advanced user profile, access right and permission | |
management.</li> | |
<li>Enable synchronous communications based on the | |
request/response design pattern.</li> | |
<li>Enable asynchronous event notifications based on the | |
publish/subscribe design pattern.</li> | |
<li>Provide advanced mechanism for distributed M2M resource | |
discovery.</li> | |
<li>Be the basis for the future implementation of the OneM2M | |
standard.</li> | |
</ul> | |
<h2>Description</h2> | |
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<p>The OM2M architecture follows the ETSI M2M standards. It is | |
composed of the following elements:</p> | |
<ul> | |
<li><b>M2M Device</b>: a machine that runs an M2M device SCL | |
(DSCL) that can be queried by M2M device applications (DAs) via an | |
open interface. An M2M device can connect directly to the M2M Network | |
or indirectly via a gateway that acts as a network proxy.</li> | |
<li><b>M2M Area Network</b>: provides connectivity between M2M | |
devices, and also between the devices and the M2M gateways. It is | |
based on existing technologies such as Zigbee, Phidgets, M-BUS, KNX, | |
etc.</li> | |
<li><b>M2M Gateway</b>: a machine that runs an M2M Gateway SCL | |
(GSCL) that can be queried by M2M Gateway applications (GAs) or DAs | |
via an open interface. It identifies and addresses heterogeneous | |
devices, and interconnects M2M area networks with different protocol | |
technologies by performing mapping/converting operations.</li> | |
<li><b>Wide Area Network</b> provides the core network with | |
access networks to enable M2M devices and gateways to communicate | |
with the M2M network. It is based on existing technologies such as | |
xDSL, GERAN, UTRAN, eUTRAN, W-LAN, WiMAX, etc.</li> | |
<li><b>M2M Network</b>: provides an M2M Network SCL (NSCL) that | |
can be queried by M2M Network applications (NAs) via an open | |
interface.</li> | |
<li><b>M2M service capabilities Layer (SCL)</b> provides a | |
horizontal service layer for M2M applications abstracting the | |
complexity of hetergogeneous devices and enhancing M2M | |
interoperability .</li> | |
<li><b>M2M application</b> a domain-specific software application | |
that interracts with the M2M machines by quering the service layer | |
through a set of open interfaces</li> | |
</ul> | |
<img width="480" src="images/om2m_architecture.png" /> | |
<p>OM2M provides the following service capabilities that | |
communicate through the Routing Function (RF) module within the SCL. | |
SCs can be deployed on an M2M network, gateway or device:</p> | |
<ul> | |
<li><b>Application enablement(xAE)</b> provides a single point of | |
contact to M2M applications using XML files and HTTP protocol but can | |
be mapped easily to other protocol technologies such as CoAP.</li> | |
<li><b>Generic communication(xGC)</b> provides a single point of | |
contact for communication between different SCLs using XML files and | |
HTTP protocol but can also bind to other protocols. It makes use of | |
existing network connectivity and manages all security aspects for | |
secure session establishment and teardown.</li> | |
<li><b>Reachability, addressing, and repository(xRAR)</b> | |
provides persistence capability to store M2M resource states within | |
the SCL. It enables to Create, Retrieve, Update and Delete (CRUD) M2M | |
resources, to store information related to M2M applications and SCls | |
registrations, and to manage data required for publish/subscribe | |
communication..</li> | |
<li><b>Communication selection(xCS)</b> provides network | |
selection algorithms and mechanisms based on policies for M2M machine | |
with multiple interfaces and bearer such as Ethernet, Wifi, GPRS or | |
3G. It also proposes alternative Network after a communication | |
failure.</li> | |
<li><b>Remote entity management(xREM)</b> interworks with | |
existing REM standards such as the OMA-DM by performing | |
mapping/converting operations. It provides functions pertaining to | |
device/gateway life cycle management, such as software and firmware | |
upgrade and provides mechanisms for fault and performance management.</li> | |
<li><b>SECurity(xSEC)</b> implements bootstrapping, | |
authentication, authorization, and key management functions to | |
establish secure communication between M2M applications and SCLs | |
based on the TLS-PSK protocol.</li> | |
<li><b>Interworking proxy(xIP)</b> allows non-ETSI-compliant | |
devices such as Zigbee, Phidgets, and many other technologies to | |
interwork with the ETSI M2M standard by performing mapping/converting | |
operations. In the smart building domain, a specific application | |
payload is proposed based on the OBIX information model to enhance | |
interoperability.</li> | |
</ul> | |
<p>(Where x refers to: "N" for network, "G" for gateway, and "D" | |
for device)</p> | |
<p>OM2M offers the mIa, dIa, and mId reference points:</p> | |
<ul> | |
<li><b>mIa reference point</b>: allows a NA to communicate | |
remotely with the NSCL</li> | |
<li><b>dIa reference point</b>: allows a DA to communicate with | |
the DSCL or the GSCL where it is residing. It allows also a GA to | |
communicate with the GSCL where it is residing</li> | |
<li><b>mId reference point</b>: allows DSCL and GSCL to | |
communicate with the NSCL on the service level and vice versa. the | |
mId uses core network connectivity functions as an underlying | |
transport.</li> | |
</ul> | |
<p>As the OM2M architecture follows a RESTful style with a | |
hierarchical namespace, an AJAX web interface based is provided to | |
enable exploring SCLs resource trees, monitoring sensors and | |
controlling actuators. The OM2M web interface offers the following | |
functionalities:</p> | |
<ul> | |
<li>Explore SCL resource tree of an M2M machine and display | |
sub-resources attributes</li> | |
<li>Discover authenticated SCLs and navigate from one SCL to | |
another in a seamless way using retargeting mechanism</li> | |
<li>Retrieve sensor events e.g. temperature, luminosity, power, | |
etc. using two ways: read cached copies from the resources tree, or | |
make a direct request to the sensor through the interworking proxy</li> | |
<li>Execute action on actuators e.g. to switch ON/OFF a lamp, | |
control a servo motor, etc. and monitor their new states using | |
retargeting mechanism</li> | |
</ul> | |
<p>A screenshot of the OM2M web interface is presented on the | |
following figure:</p> | |
<img width="480" src="images/om2m_interface.png" /> | |
<p>ETSI M2M standardized the M2M SCL resources tree. Each SCL | |
resource is referenced with a global identifier and has a type, a set | |
of attributes, a set of methods that operate on it, and some links to | |
other resources. Most important SCL resources are listed below:</p> | |
<ul> | |
<li><b>sclBase resource</b> describes the hosting SCL, and is the | |
root for all other resources within the hosting SCL.</li> | |
<li><b>scl resource</b> stores information related to M2M SCLs | |
residing on other M2M machines after successful mutual | |
authentication. It enables SCLs interractions using retargeting | |
operations</li> | |
<li><b>application resource</b> stores information about the | |
application after a successful registration on the hosting SCL.</li> | |
<li><b>container resource</b> acts as a mediator for data | |
buffering to enable data exchange between applications and SCLs</li> | |
<li><b>accessRight resource</b> manages permissions and | |
permissions holders to limit and protect the access to the resource | |
tree structure.</li> | |
<li><b>group resource</b> enhances resources tree operations and | |
simplifying the interactions on the API interfaces by adding the | |
grouping feature. It enables an issuer to send one request to a set | |
of receivers instead of sending requests one by one.</li> | |
<li><b>subscription resource</b> stores information related to | |
subscriptions for some resources. It allow subscribers to receive | |
asynchronous notification when an event happens such as the reception | |
of new sensor event or the creation, update, or delete of a resource.</li> | |
<li><b>collection resource</b> groups commun resources togethers. | |
It is used at different places such as scls, applications, or | |
containers.</li> | |
<li><b>announced resource</b> contains a partial representation | |
of a resource in a remote SCL to simplify discovery request on | |
distributed SCLs.</li> | |
<li><b>discovery resource</b> acts as a search engine for | |
resources. It enables to retrieve the set of resources URIs matching | |
a specific filter criteria and constraints.</li> | |
</ul> | |
<h3>ETSI M2M references</h3> | |
For more details on the ETSI M2M standard you can see: | |
<ul> | |
<li>M2M Communications: A Systems Approach. Edited by David | |
Boswarthick, Omar Elloumi and Olivier Hersent</li> | |
<li>ETSI TS 102 689, Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M); M2M | |
service requirements</li> | |
<li>ETSI TS 102 690, Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M); | |
Functional architecture</li> | |
<li>ETSI TS 102 921, Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M); | |
mIa, dIa and mId interfaces</li> | |
</ul> | |
<h2>Why Eclipse?</h2> | |
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<p>Being an eclipse project, OM2M aims to boost the development of | |
M2M applications through the Eclipse community. The OM2M service | |
architecture can be a key peice to bring together M2M projects within | |
the Eclipse M2M Industry Working Group. OM2M already has a strong | |
relationship with other Eclipse projects such as Koneki which is used | |
for remote entity management based on the OMA-DM protocol. The Equinox | |
project will be also adopted for dynamic deployment and dependencies | |
management of M2M services and applications. OM2M team will work | |
closely with other Eclipse M2M projects to come up with one global | |
technology-agnostic M2M platform that makes easy the development of | |
new service capabilities, connecting heterogeneous devices, and | |
deployment of vertical applications.</p> | |
<h2>Initial Contribution</h2> | |
<p>The OM2M project will be provided with an initial contribution | |
from LAAS-CNRS laboratory:</p> | |
<ul> | |
<li>A java implementation of an M2M network, M2M gateway and M2M | |
device in line with the ETSI M2M specifications</li> | |
<li>A HTTP mapping module for vertical and horizontal reference | |
points for application enablement and generic communication</li> | |
<li>A Phidget and Zigbee interworking proxies to experiment | |
non-ETSI compliant devices</li> | |
<li>An OMA-DM remote entity management service using the Funambol | |
server and the Koneki Simulator</li> | |
<li>A web interface based on AJAX for SCLs resource trees | |
exploration, and devices monitoring and controlling.</li> | |
</ul> | |
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<h2>Legal Issues</h2> | |
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<p>The following parts of the code are available under different | |
licenses</p> | |
<ul> | |
<li>Apache HTTP Server library: Apache 2.0</li> | |
<li>Apache HTTP Client library: Apache 2.0</li> | |
<li>JAXB library: CDDL v1.1 and GPL v2</li> | |
<li>DB4O library: dOCL and GPL v3</li> | |
<li>jQuery library: MIT</li> | |
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<p>Optional libraries:</p> | |
<ul> | |
<li>Security IAIK-JCE library: EUPL and GPL v2</li> | |
<li>RXTX library: LGPL v 2.1 + Linking Over Controlled Interface</li> | |
<li>Phidgets library: LGPL v3</li> | |
<li>Obix JAVA Toolkit: Free</li> | |
</ul> | |
<h2>Committers</h2> | |
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<p>The following individuals are proposed as initial committers to | |
the project:</p> | |
<dl> | |
<dt>Mahdi Ben Alaya, LAAS-CNRS</dt> | |
<dd>OM2M project co-lead</dd> | |
<dt>Thierry Monteil, LAAS-CNRS</dt> | |
<dd>OM2M project co-lead</dd> | |
<dt>Khalil Drira, LAAS-CNRS</dt> | |
<dd>OM2M project commiter</dd> | |
<dt>Christophe Chassot, LAAS-CNRS</dt> | |
<dd>OM2M project commiter</dd> | |
</dl> | |
<p>We welcome additional committers and contributions.</p> | |
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<h2>Mentors</h2> | |
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<p>The following Architecture Council members will mentor this | |
project:</p> | |
<ul> | |
<li>Denis Roy</li> | |
<li>Benjamin Cabé</li> | |
</ul> | |
<h2>Interested Parties</h2> | |
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<p>The following individuals, organisations, companies and projects | |
have expressed interest in this project:</p> | |
<ul> | |
<li>Luigi Alfredo Grieco, Department of Electrical and | |
Information engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Italy</li> | |
<li>Miriam Capretz, Software Evolution Lab/ECE, Western | |
University, Canada</li> | |
<li>Amine Dhraief, HANA Lab, University of Manouba, Tunisia</li> | |
<li>Juhani Latvakoski, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland</li> | |
<li>Georges Da Costa, IRIT, France</li> | |
<li>Giuseppe Monteleone, Italtel, Italy</li> | |
<li>Gowri Shankar, Prodapt Solutions, India</li> | |
<li>Werner Keil, Eclipse UOMo Project lead</li> | |
<li>Mathieu Rousselle </li> | |
<li>Mario Kusek, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb</li> | |
</ul> | |
<h2>Project Scheduling</h2> | |
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<h2>Changes to this Document</h2> | |
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<table> | |
<tr> | |
<th>Date</th> | |
<th>Change</th> | |
</tr> | |
<tr> | |
<td>6-January-2014</td> | |
<td>Added interested parties</td> | |
</tr> | |
<tr> | |
<td>13-November-2013</td> | |
<td>Added interested parties</td> | |
</tr> | |
<tr> | |
<td>30-October-2013</td> | |
<td>Document created</td> | |
</tr> | |
</table> | |
</body> | |
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