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| <p class="no-display">GNU is the only operating system developed |
| specifically to give its users freedom. What is GNU, and what freedom |
| is at stake?</p> |
| |
| <div id="home"> |
| <div class="first-column"> |
| |
| <h2 class="first">What is GNU?</h2> |
| |
| <p>GNU is an operating system that |
| is <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>—that is, |
| it respects users' freedom. The GNU operating system consists of GNU |
| packages (programs specifically released by the GNU Project) as well |
| as free software released by third parties. The development of GNU |
| made it possible to use a computer without software that would trample |
| your freedom.</p> |
| |
| <p>We recommend <a href="/distros/free-distros.html">installable |
| versions of GNU</a> (more precisely, GNU/Linux distributions) which |
| are entirely free software. <a href="#More-GNU">More about GNU |
| below</a>.</p> |
| |
| <div class="btn-left"> |
| <a href="/distros/free-distros.html">Try GNU/Linux</a></div> |
| <div style="clear:both"></div> |
| |
| <div id="gnu-linux"> |
| <div class="screenshot"> |
| <a href="/distros/screenshots/hyperbola-i3.png"><img |
| src="/distros/screenshots/hyperbola-i3.png" |
| alt=" [Screenshot of Hyperbola with i3 window manager] " /></a> |
| </div> |
| <p><small><a href="https://www.hyperbola.info/"> |
| Hyperbola 0.3</a> with <a href="https://i3wm.org/">i3 window manager</a>, |
| cool-retro-term (terminal emulator), Gimp (image editor), and Iceweasel-UXP (web |
| browser)</small></p> |
| </div> |
| |
| <table class="thumbs"> |
| <tr class="image"> |
| <td><a href="/home.html?distro=dragora#gnu-linux"><img |
| src="/distros/screenshots/dragora-ice-thumb.jpg" |
| alt=" [Screenshot of Dragora 3.0-beta1 with IceWM window manager] " /></a></td> |
| <td><a href="/home.html?distro=guix#gnu-linux"><img |
| src="/distros/screenshots/guixSD-gnome3-thumb.jpg" |
| alt=" [Screenshot of Guix 0.15 with GNOME 3 desktop] " /></a></td> |
| <td><a href="/home.html?distro=hyperbola#gnu-linux"><img |
| src="/distros/screenshots/hyperbola-i3-thumb.jpg" |
| alt=" [Screenshot of Hyperbola 0.3 with i3 window manager] " /></a></td> |
| <td><a href="/home.html?distro=parabola#gnu-linux"><img |
| src="/distros/screenshots/parabola2020-lxde-thumb.jpg" |
| alt=" [Screenshot of Parabola 2020 with LXDE desktop] " /></a></td> |
| <td><a href="/home.html?distro=pureos#gnu-linux"><img |
| src="/distros/screenshots/gnome3-thumb.jpg" |
| alt=" [Screenshot of PureOS 8 with GNOME 3 desktop] " /></a></td> |
| <td><a href="/home.html?distro=trisquel#gnu-linux"><img |
| src="/distros/screenshots/trisquel8-mate-thumb.jpg" |
| alt=" [Screenshot of Trisquel 8 with MATE desktop] " /></a></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="caption"> |
| <td><small>Dragora / IceWM</small></td> |
| <td><small>Guix / GNOME3</small></td> |
| <td><small>Hyperbola / i3</small></td> |
| <td><small>Parabola / LXDE</small></td> |
| <td><small>PureOS / GNOME3</small></td> |
| <td><small>Trisquel / MATE</small></td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| |
| <div class="btn-right">... or <a |
| href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Free_Software_Directory:Free_software_replacements"> |
| Try parts of GNU</a></div> |
| <div style="clear:both"></div> |
| |
| <h2>What is the Free Software Movement?</h2> |
| |
| <p>The free software movement campaigns to win for the users of |
| computing the freedom that comes from free software. Free software |
| puts its users in control of their own computing. Nonfree software |
| puts its users under the power of the software's developer. See |
| <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/20140407-geneva-tedx-talk-free-software-free-society"> |
| the video explanation</a>.</p> |
| |
| <h2>What is Free Software?</h2> |
| |
| <p><strong>Free software means the users have the freedom to run, |
| copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software.</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the |
| concept, you should think of “free” as in “free |
| speech”, not as in “free beer”.</p> |
| |
| <p>More precisely, free software means users of a program have |
| the <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">four essential |
| freedoms</a>:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>The freedom to run the program as you wish, |
| for any purpose (freedom 0).</li> |
| <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it |
| does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source |
| code is a precondition for this.</li> |
| <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help others |
| (freedom 2).</li> |
| <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions |
| to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole |
| community a chance to benefit from your changes. |
| Access to the source code is a precondition for this.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>Developments in technology and network use have made these freedoms |
| <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">even more |
| important now</a> than they were in 1983.</p> |
| |
| <p>Nowadays the free software movement goes far beyond developing the |
| GNU system. See <a href="https://fsf.org">the Free Software |
| Foundation's web site</a> for more about what we do, and a list |
| of <a href="/help">ways you can help</a>.</p> |
| |
| <h2>More about GNU</h2> |
| |
| <p><a id="More-GNU">GNU</a> is a Unix-like operating system. That |
| means it is a collection of many programs: applications, libraries, |
| developer tools, even games. The development of GNU, started in |
| January 1984, is known as the GNU Project. Many of the programs in |
| GNU are released under the auspices of the GNU Project; those we |
| call <a href="/software/">GNU packages</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>The name “GNU” is a recursive acronym for “GNU's |
| Not |
| Unix.” <a href="/pronunciation/pronunciation.html">“GNU” |
| is pronounced <em>g'noo</em></a>, as one syllable, like saying |
| “grew” but replacing the <em>r</em> with <em>n</em>.</p> |
| |
| <p>The program in a Unix-like system that allocates machine resources |
| and talks to the hardware is called the “kernel”. GNU is |
| typically used with a kernel called Linux. This combination is |
| the <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"><strong>GNU/Linux operating |
| system</strong></a>. GNU/Linux is used by millions, though |
| many <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">call it “Linux” by |
| mistake</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>GNU's own kernel, <a href="/software/hurd/hurd.html">The Hurd</a>, |
| was started in 1990 (before Linux was started). Volunteers continue |
| developing the Hurd because it is an interesting technical |
| project.</p> |
| |
| <p class="back"><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">More information</a></p> |
| </div><!-- /first-column --> |
| |
| <div class="second-column"> |
| |
| <div class="emph-box beige"> |
| <p><strong>The GNU Project strongly urges the community to communicate in |
| ways that are friendly, welcoming and kind. See the |
| <a href="/philosophy/kind-communication.html"> |
| GNU Kind Communications Guidelines</a></strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div id="Flashes" class="emph-box white"> |
| <h3>Planet GNU |
| <a href="https://planet.gnu.org/rss20.xml"><img src="/feed-icon-10x10.png" |
| alt="RSS Feed" /></a></h3> |
| <div class="ltr"> |
| <!-- Autogenerated by planetrss.pl 1.19 --> |
| <p><a href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/how-to-livestream-a-conference-in-just-under-a-week'> |
| <span class="gnun-split"></span>How to livestream a conference in just under a week<span class="gnun-split"></span></a><span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- TRANSLATORS: |
| http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/how-to-livestream-a-conference-in-just-under-a-week -->: |
| For the first time ever, LibrePlanet 2020 was a fully |
| virtual conference due to ongoing issues caused by the |
| coronavirus pandemic. In our... |
| </p> |
| <p><a href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/better-than-zoom-try-these-free-software-tools-for-staying-in-touch'> |
| <span class="gnun-split"></span>Better than Zoom: Try these free software tools for staying in touch<span class="gnun-split"></span></a><span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- TRANSLATORS: |
| http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/better-than-zoom-try-these-free-software-tools-for-staying-in-touch -->: |
| In times like these it becomes all the more important to |
| remember that tools like Zoom, Slack, and Facebook Messenger are... |
| </p> |
| <p><a href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/summer-internships-at-the-fsf-apply-by-may-10'> |
| <span class="gnun-split"></span>Summer internships at the FSF! Apply by May 10<span class="gnun-split"></span></a><span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- TRANSLATORS: |
| http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/summer-internships-at-the-fsf-apply-by-may-10 -->: |
| Do you believe that free software is crucial to a free society? Do you |
| want to help people learn why free software matters, and how to use |
| it?.. |
| </p> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div id="Action" class="emph-box beige"> |
| <h3>Take Action</h3> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><strong>Support the efforts on net neutrality |
| <a href="https://www.freepress.net/issues/free-open-internet/net-neutrality" title="Net |
| neutrality in the United States of America">in the USA</a></strong>, |
| and in your home country.</li> |
| |
| <li>Defend <a href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/personnal-data/"> |
| privacy</a>, and support <a |
| href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/?s=copyright"> |
| global copyright reform</a> with <a |
| href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/">LQDN</a>.</li> |
| |
| <li><strong><a href="http://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Support current FSF |
| campaigns</a></strong>.</li> |
| |
| <li>Fight against software patents: |
| <a href="http://www.endsoftpatents.org">worldwide</a>, and |
| <a href="/server/takeaction.html#swpat">in Europe</a>.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p class="back"><a href="/server/takeaction.html">More action items</a></p> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div id="unmaint" class="emph-box beige"> |
| <p><strong>Can you contribute to any of |
| these <a href="//www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects/">High |
| Priority Areas</a>?</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Free phone operating system,</li> |
| <li>decentralization, federation and self-hosting,</li> |
| <li>free drivers, firmware and hardware designs,</li> |
| <li>real-time voice and video chat,</li> |
| <li>encourage contribution by people underrepresented in the community,</li> |
| <li>and more.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p><strong>Can you help <a |
| href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">maintain a GNU package</a>?</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><span class="gnun-split"></span> |
| <a href="/software/cfengine/">cfengine</a>, |
| <a href="/software/freedink/">freedink</a>, |
| <a href="/software/freetalk/">freetalk</a>, |
| <a href="/software/halifax/">halifax</a>, |
| <a href="/software/mcron/">mcron</a>, |
| <a href="/software/quickthreads/">quickthreads</a><span class="gnun-split"></span>, |
| are all looking for maintainers.</li> |
| |
| <li>Also, these packages are looking for co-maintainers: |
| <span class="gnun-split"></span> |
| <a href="/software/aspell/">aspell</a>, |
| <a href="/software/bison/">bison</a>, |
| <a href="/software/gnuae/">gnuae</a>, |
| <a href="/software/gnubik/">gnubik</a>, |
| <a href="/software/metaexchange/">metaexchange</a>, |
| <a href="/software/powerguru/">powerguru</a>, |
| <a href="/software/xboard/">xboard</a><span class="gnun-split"></span>.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>See the package web pages for more information.</p> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div id="blurb" class="emph-box white"> |
| <p><strong><a href="/software/recent-releases.html">Recent GNU |
| releases</a></strong></p> |
| |
| <p><strong><a href="/manual/blurbs.html">Short descriptions for all GNU |
| packages</a></strong></p> |
| |
| <p style="margin-top: 2em">Today's random package…</p> |
| <!-- home-pkgselect.html begins --> |
| <!-- Automatically generated by select-blurbs.awk on Thu Apr 30 11:29:12 EDT 2020 --> |
| <!-- Next selections are going to be: |
| gretl autogen gnucomm poke gnunet guile-sdl mpc sather unifont gnats |
| automake easejs health global java-getopt gsrc oleo |
| --> |
| |
| <!-- home-pkgselect.html ends --> |
| |
| <div class="ltr"> |
| <!-- File generated by www/prep/gnumaint/gm Thu Apr 23 03:08:54 UTC 2020 --> |
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| <h4 id="pspp"> |
| <img src="/graphics/pkg-logos-250x100/pspp.250x100.png" style="height:1.3em" |
| alt="logo for pspp" /> |
| <a href="/software/pspp/">PSPP</a></h4><p> |
| GNU PSPP is a statistical analysis program. It can perform descriptive |
| statistics, T-tests, linear regression and non-parametric tests. |
| It features both a graphical interface as well as command-line input. PSPP |
| is designed to interoperate with Gnumeric, LibreOffice and OpenOffice. |
| Data can be imported from spreadsheets, text files and database sources |
| and it can be output in text, PostScript, PDF or HTML. |
| <small>(<a href="/manual/manual.html#pspp">doc</a>)</small></p> |
| |
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| <!-- End file generated by www/prep/gnumaint/gm Thu Apr 23 03:08:54 UTC 2020 --> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| </div><!-- /second-column --> |
| </div><!-- /home --> |
| |
| <div style="clear:both"></div> |
| </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> |
| |
| <!-- begin server/footer-text.html --> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <div style="clear:both"></div> |
| |
| |
| <div id="language-container"> |
| <a href="#" class="close"></a> |
| <div id="languages" class="rounded-corners"> |
| <div class="backtotop"> |
| <hr class="no-display" /> |
| <a href="#header"><span>BACK TO TOP </span>⮝</a> |
| </div> |
| <a href="#" class="close"></a> |
| <div id="set-language" class="button"> |
| <span class="gnun-split"></span> |
| <a href="/server/select-language.html?callback=/" rel="nofollow"> |
| Set language |
| <span class="gnun-split"></span> |
| </a> |
| </div> |
| <p>Available for this page:</p> |
| <div id="translations"> |
| <p> |
| <span dir="ltr" class="original">[en] <a lang="en" hreflang="en" href="/home.en.html">English</a> </span> |
| <span dir="ltr">[de] <a lang="de" hreflang="de" href="/home.de.html">Deutsch</a> </span> |
| <span dir="ltr">[es] <a lang="es" hreflang="es" href="/home.es.html">español</a> </span> |
| <span dir="ltr">[fa] <a lang="fa" hreflang="fa" href="/home.fa.html">فارسی</a> </span> |
| <span dir="ltr">[fr] <a lang="fr" hreflang="fr" href="/home.fr.html">français</a> </span> |
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| <span dir="ltr">[ja] <a lang="ja" hreflang="ja" href="/home.ja.html">日本語</a> </span> |
| <span dir="ltr">[nl] <a lang="nl" hreflang="nl" href="/home.nl.html">Nederlands</a> </span> |
| <span dir="ltr">[pt-br] <a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br" href="/home.pt-br.html">português</a> </span> |
| <span dir="ltr">[ru] <a lang="ru" hreflang="ru" href="/home.ru.html">русский</a> </span> |
| <span dir="ltr">[sq] <a lang="sq" hreflang="sq" href="/home.sq.html">Shqip</a> </span> |
| <span dir="ltr">[tr] <a lang="tr" hreflang="tr" href="/home.tr.html">Türkçe</a> </span> |
| <span dir="ltr">[uk] <a lang="uk" hreflang="uk" href="/home.uk.html">українська</a> </span> |
| <span dir="ltr">[zh-cn] <a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn" href="/home.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> </span> |
| <span dir="ltr">[zh-tw] <a lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw" href="/home.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> </span> |
| </p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div id="mission-statement"> |
| <div class="backtotop"> |
| <hr class="no-display" /> |
| <a href="#header"><span>BACK TO TOP </span>⮝</a> |
| </div> |
| <div style="clear: both"></div> |
| <blockquote> |
| <p style="direction:ltr; text-align:left"><a href="//www.fsf.org"><img id="fsfbanner" |
| src="/graphics/fsf-logo-notext-small.png" alt=" [FSF logo] "/></a><strong> |
| “The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a nonprofit with a worldwide |
| mission to promote computer user freedom. We defend the rights of all |
| software users.”</strong></p> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <div id="support-the-fsf" class="button"> |
| <a class="join" href="//www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom?referrer=4052">JOIN</a> |
| <a class="donate" href="//donate.fsf.org/">DONATE</a> |
| <a class="shop" href="//shop.fsf.org/">SHOP</a> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <!-- end server/footer-text.html --> |
| |
| |
| |
| <p id="sisters">The <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">FSF</a> also has sister |
| organizations in <a href="http://www.fsfe.org">Europe</a>, <a |
| href="http://www.fsfla.org/">Latin America</a> and <a |
| href="http://fsf.org.in/">India</a>.<br /> |
| Feel free to join them!</p> |
| |
| <div id="fs-gang"> |
| <div class="img-container"> |
| <a href="//www.fsf.org/working-together/gang">meet the free software |
| gang<img src="/graphics/fs-gang.png" alt=" [FS gang] "/></a> |
| </div> <!-- /img-container --> |
| </div> <!-- /fs-gang --> |
| |
| |
| |
| <div id="footer"> |
| <div class="unprintable"> |
| |
| <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to |
| <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. |
| There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> |
| the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent |
| to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> |
| |
| <p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, |
| replace it with the translation of these two: |
| |
| We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality |
| translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. |
| Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard |
| to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> |
| <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of |
| our web pages, see <a |
| href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations |
| README</a>. --> |
| Please see the <a |
| href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations |
| README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations |
| of this article.</p> |
| </div> |
| |
| <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to |
| files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should |
| be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this |
| without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. |
| Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the |
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| If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too. |
| Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying |
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| year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including |
| being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system). |
| |
| There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers |
| Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> |
| |
| <p>Copyright © 1996-2020 <a |
| href="http://www.fsf.org">Free Software Foundation</a>, Inc.</p> |
| |
| <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" |
| href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative |
| Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> |
| |
| <!-- start of server/bottom-notes.html --> |
| <div id="bottom-notes" class="unprintable"> |
| <p><a href="//www.fsf.org/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></p> |
| <div id="generic"> |
| |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <!-- end of server/bottom-notes.html --> |
| |
| |
| <p class="unprintable">Updated: |
| <!-- timestamp start --> |
| $Date: 2020/04/26 06:02:36 $ |
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