context.c

/*******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Wind River Systems, Inc. and others.
 * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials 
 * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0 
 * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at 
 * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html 
 *  
 * Contributors:
 *     Wind River Systems - initial API and implementation
 *******************************************************************************/

/*
 * This module handles process/thread OS contexts and their state machine.
 */

#if defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
#  include <vxWorks.h>
#endif
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include "context.h"
#include "events.h"
#include "errors.h"
#include "trace.h"
#include "myalloc.h"

#define CONTEXT_PID_ROOT_SIZE 1024
#define CONTEXT_PID_HASH(PID) ((PID) % CONTEXT_PID_ROOT_SIZE)
static LINK context_pid_root[CONTEXT_PID_ROOT_SIZE];
static ContextEventListener * event_listeners = NULL;

LINK context_root = { NULL, NULL };

#define CASE(var) case var: return ""#var;
char * signal_name(int signal) {
#ifndef WIN32
    switch (signal) {
    CASE(SIGHUP)
    CASE(SIGINT)
    CASE(SIGQUIT)
    CASE(SIGILL)
    CASE(SIGTRAP)
    CASE(SIGABRT)
    CASE(SIGBUS)
    CASE(SIGFPE)
    CASE(SIGKILL)
    CASE(SIGUSR1)
    CASE(SIGSEGV)
    CASE(SIGUSR2)
    CASE(SIGPIPE)
    CASE(SIGALRM)
    CASE(SIGTERM)
#ifndef _WRS_KERNEL
    CASE(SIGSTKFLT)
#endif
    CASE(SIGCHLD)
    CASE(SIGCONT)
    CASE(SIGSTOP)
    CASE(SIGTSTP)
    CASE(SIGTTIN)
    CASE(SIGTTOU)
    CASE(SIGURG)
    CASE(SIGXCPU)
    CASE(SIGXFSZ)
    CASE(SIGVTALRM)
    CASE(SIGPROF)
#ifndef _WRS_KERNEL
    CASE(SIGWINCH)
    CASE(SIGIO)
    CASE(SIGPWR)
#endif
    CASE(SIGSYS)
    }
#endif
    return NULL;
}
#undef CASE

Context * context_find_from_pid(pid_t pid) {
    LINK * qhp = &context_pid_root[CONTEXT_PID_HASH(pid)];
    LINK * qp;

    assert(is_dispatch_thread());
    for (qp = qhp->next; qp != qhp; qp = qp->next) {
        Context * ctx = pidl2ctxp(qp);
        if (ctx->pid == pid && !ctx->exited) return ctx;
    }
    return NULL;
}

static Context * create_context(pid_t pid) {
    LINK * qhp = &context_pid_root[CONTEXT_PID_HASH(pid)];
    Context * ctx = (Context *)loc_alloc_zero(sizeof(Context));

    assert(context_find_from_pid(pid) == NULL);
    ctx->pid = pid;
    ctx->ref_count = 1;
    list_init(&ctx->children);
    list_add_first(&ctx->ctxl, &context_root);
    list_add_first(&ctx->pidl, qhp);
    return ctx;
}

char * pid2id(pid_t pid, pid_t parent) {
    static char s[64];
    char * p = s + sizeof(s);
    unsigned long n = (long)pid;
    *(--p) = 0;
    do {
        *(--p) = (char)(n % 10 + '0');
        n = n / 10;
    }
    while (n != 0);
    if (parent != 0) {
        n = (long)parent;
        *(--p) = '.';
        do {
            *(--p) = (char)(n % 10 + '0');
            n = n / 10;
        }
        while (n != 0);
    }
    *(--p) = 'P';
    return p;
}

char * thread_id(Context * ctx) {
    if (ctx->parent == NULL) return pid2id(ctx->pid, ctx->pid);
    assert(ctx->parent->parent == NULL);
    return pid2id(ctx->pid, ctx->parent->pid);
}

char * container_id(Context * ctx) {
    if (ctx->parent != NULL) ctx = ctx->parent;
    assert(ctx->parent == NULL);
    return pid2id(ctx->pid, 0);
}

pid_t id2pid(char * id, pid_t * parent) {
    pid_t pid = 0;
    if (parent != NULL) *parent = 0;
    if (id == NULL) return 0;
    if (id[0] != 'P') return 0;
    if (id[1] == 0) return 0;
    pid = (pid_t)strtol(id + 1, &id, 10);
    if (id[0] == '.') {
        if (id[1] == 0) return 0;
        if (parent != NULL) *parent = pid;
        pid = (pid_t)strtol(id + 1, &id, 10);
    }
    if (id[0] != 0) return 0;
    return pid;
}

Context * id2ctx(char * id) {
    pid_t pid = id2pid(id, NULL);
    if (pid == 0) return NULL;
    return context_find_from_pid(pid);
}

void context_lock(Context * ctx) {
    assert(ctx->ref_count > 0);
    ctx->ref_count++;
}

void context_unlock(Context * ctx) {
    if (--(ctx->ref_count) == 0) {
        assert(list_is_empty(&ctx->children));
        assert(ctx->parent == NULL);
        list_remove(&ctx->ctxl);
        list_remove(&ctx->pidl);
        loc_free(ctx);
    }
}

char * context_state_name(Context * ctx) {
    if (ctx->exited) return "exited";
    if (ctx->intercepted) return "intercepted";
    if (ctx->stopped) return "stopped";
    return "running";
}

static void event_context_created(Context * ctx) {
    ContextEventListener * listener = event_listeners;
    while (listener != NULL) {
        if (listener->context_created != NULL) listener->context_created(ctx);
        listener = listener->next;
    }
}

static void event_context_changed(Context * ctx) {
    ContextEventListener * listener = event_listeners;
    while (listener != NULL) {
        if (listener->context_changed != NULL) listener->context_changed(ctx);
        listener = listener->next;
    }
}

static void event_context_stopped(Context * ctx) {
    ContextEventListener * listener = event_listeners;
    while (listener != NULL) {
        if (listener->context_stopped != NULL) listener->context_stopped(ctx);
        listener = listener->next;
    }
}

static void event_context_started(Context * ctx) {
    ContextEventListener * listener = event_listeners;
    while (listener != NULL) {
        if (listener->context_started != NULL) listener->context_started(ctx);
        listener = listener->next;
    }
}

static void event_context_exited(Context * ctx) {
    ContextEventListener * listener = event_listeners;
    while (listener != NULL) {
        if (listener->context_exited != NULL) listener->context_exited(ctx);
        listener = listener->next;
    }
}

#ifdef WIN32

/*
 * On Windows context management is not supported yet.
 */

char * event_name(int event) {
    return "Unknown";
}

int context_attach(pid_t pid, Context ** res) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
}

int context_stop(Context * ctx) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
}

int context_continue(Context * ctx) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
}

int context_single_step(Context * ctx) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
}

int context_read_mem(Context * ctx, unsigned long address, void * buf, size_t size) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
}

int context_write_mem(Context * ctx, unsigned long address, void * buf, size_t size) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
}

static void init(void) {
}

#elif defined(_WRS_KERNEL)

/* TODO: RTP support */

#include <taskHookLib.h>
#include <private/vxdbgLibP.h>

#define TRACE_EVENT_STEP        2

#define EVENT_HOOK_IGNORE       1
#define EVENT_HOOK_BREAKPOINT   2
#define EVENT_HOOK_STEP_DONE    3
#define EVENT_HOOK_STOP         4
#define EVENT_HOOK_TASK_ADD     5
#define EVENT_HOOK_TASK_DEL     6

struct event_info {
    int                 event;
    VXDBG_CTX           current_ctx;    /* context that hit breakpoint */
    VXDBG_CTX           stopped_ctx;    /* context stopped by the breakpoint */
    REG_SET             regs;           /* task registers before exception */
    UINT32              addr;           /* breakpoint addr */
    int                 bp_info_ok;     /* breakpoint information available */
    VXDBG_BP_INFO       bp_info;        /* breakpoint information */
    SEM_ID              delete_signal;
};

VXDBG_CLNT_ID vxdbg_clnt_id = 0;

#define MAX_EVENTS 64
static struct event_info events[MAX_EVENTS];
static int events_inp = 0;
static int events_out = 0;
static int events_buf_overflow = 0;
static spinlockIsr_t events_lock;
static VX_COUNTING_SEMAPHORE(events_signal_mem);
static SEM_ID events_signal;
static pthread_t events_thread;
static WIND_TCB * main_thread;

char * event_name(int event) {
    switch (event) {
    case 0: return "none";
    case TRACE_EVENT_STEP: return "Single Step"; 
    }
    return NULL;
}

static struct event_info * event_info_alloc(int event) {
    int nxt;
    struct event_info * info;
    SPIN_LOCK_ISR_TAKE(&events_lock);
    if (events_buf_overflow) {
        SPIN_LOCK_ISR_GIVE(&events_lock);
        return NULL;
    }
    info = events + events_inp;
    nxt = (events_inp + 1) % MAX_EVENTS;
    if (nxt == events_out) {
        events_buf_overflow = 1;
        semGive(events_signal);
        SPIN_LOCK_ISR_GIVE(&events_lock);
        return NULL;
    }
    memset(info, 0, sizeof(struct event_info));
    info->event = event;
    events_inp = nxt;
    return info;
}

static void event_info_post(struct event_info * info) {
    assert(info != NULL);
    semGive(events_signal);
    SPIN_LOCK_ISR_GIVE(&events_lock);
}

int context_attach(pid_t pid, Context ** res) {
    struct event_info * info;
    Context * ctx = create_context(pid);

    ctx->mem = taskIdSelf();
    assert(ctx->ref_count == 1);
    event_context_created(ctx);
    if (taskIsStopped(pid)) {
        ctx->pending_intercept = 1;
        info = event_info_alloc(EVENT_HOOK_STOP);
        if (info != NULL) {
            info->stopped_ctx.ctxId = pid;
            event_info_post(info);
        }
    }
    if (res != NULL) *res = ctx;
    return 0;
}

int context_stop(Context * ctx) {
    struct event_info * info;
    VXDBG_CTX vxdbg_ctx;

    assert(is_dispatch_thread());
    assert(!ctx->stopped);
    assert(!ctx->exited);
    assert(!ctx->regs_dirty);
    assert(!ctx->intercepted);
    if (ctx->pending_intercept) {
        trace(LOG_CONTEXT, "context: stop ctx %#x pid %d", ctx, ctx->pid);
    }
    else {
        trace(LOG_CONTEXT, "context: temporary stop ctx %#x pid %d", ctx, ctx->pid);
    }
    
    vxdbg_ctx.ctxId = ctx->pid;
    vxdbg_ctx.ctxType = VXDBG_CTX_TASK;
    if (vxdbgStop(vxdbg_clnt_id, &vxdbg_ctx) != OK) return -1;
    assert(taskIsStopped(ctx->pid));
    
    info = event_info_alloc(EVENT_HOOK_STOP);
    if (info != NULL) {
        info->stopped_ctx.ctxId = ctx->pid;
        event_info_post(info);
    }
    return 0;
}

static int kill_context(Context * ctx) {
    ctx->pending_signals &= ~(1 << SIGKILL);
    if (taskDelete(ctx->pid) != OK) return -1;
    ctx->stopped = 0;
    event_context_started(ctx);
    ctx->exiting = 0;
    ctx->exited = 1;
    event_context_exited(ctx);
    if (ctx->parent != NULL) {
        list_remove(&ctx->cldl);
        context_unlock(ctx->parent);
        ctx->parent = NULL;
    }
    context_unlock(ctx);
    return 0;
}

int context_continue(Context * ctx) {
    VXDBG_CTX vxdbg_ctx;
    
    assert(is_dispatch_thread());
    assert(ctx->stopped);
    assert(!ctx->pending_intercept);
    assert(!ctx->exited);
    assert(!ctx->pending_step);
    trace(LOG_CONTEXT, "context: resume ctx %#x, pid %d", ctx, ctx->pid);

    if (ctx->regs_dirty) {
        if (taskRegsSet(ctx->pid, &ctx->regs) != OK) return -1;
        ctx->regs_dirty = 0;
    }
    
    if (ctx->pending_signals & (1 << SIGKILL)) {
        return kill_context(ctx);
    }

    vxdbg_ctx.ctxId = ctx->pid;
    vxdbg_ctx.ctxType = VXDBG_CTX_TASK;
    if (vxdbgCont(vxdbg_clnt_id, &vxdbg_ctx) != OK) return -1;
    ctx->stopped = 0;
    event_context_started(ctx);
    return 0;
}

int context_single_step(Context * ctx) {
    VXDBG_CTX vxdbg_ctx;
    struct event_info * info;
    
    assert(is_dispatch_thread());
    assert(ctx->stopped);
    assert(!ctx->pending_intercept);
    assert(!ctx->pending_step);
    assert(!ctx->exited);
    trace(LOG_CONTEXT, "context: single step ctx %#x, pid %d", ctx, ctx->pid);

    if (ctx->regs_dirty) {
        if (taskRegsSet(ctx->pid, &ctx->regs) != OK) return -1;
        ctx->regs_dirty = 0;
    }

    if (ctx->pending_signals & (1 << SIGKILL)) {
        return kill_context(ctx);
    }

    vxdbg_ctx.ctxId = ctx->pid;
    vxdbg_ctx.ctxType = VXDBG_CTX_TASK;
    if (vxdbgStep(vxdbg_clnt_id, &vxdbg_ctx, NULL, NULL) != OK) return -1;
    ctx->pending_step = 1;
    ctx->stopped = 0;
    event_context_started(ctx);
    return 0;
}

int context_read_mem(Context * ctx, unsigned long address, void * buf, size_t size) {
#ifdef  _WRS_PERSISTENT_SW_BP
    vxdbgMemRead((void *)address, buf, size);
#else    
    bcopy((void *)address, buf, size);
#endif    
    return 0;
}

int context_write_mem(Context * ctx, unsigned long address, void * buf, size_t size) {
#ifdef  _WRS_PERSISTENT_SW_BP
    vxdbgMemWrite((void *)address, buf, size);
#else
    bcopy(buf, (void *)address, size);
#endif    
    return 0;
}

static void event_handler(void * arg) {
    struct event_info * info = (struct event_info *)arg;
    Context * current_ctx = context_find_from_pid(info->current_ctx.ctxId); 
    Context * stopped_ctx = context_find_from_pid(info->stopped_ctx.ctxId);
    
    switch (info->event) {
    case EVENT_HOOK_BREAKPOINT:
        if (stopped_ctx == NULL) break;
        assert(!stopped_ctx->stopped);
        assert(!stopped_ctx->regs_dirty);
        assert(!stopped_ctx->intercepted);
        stopped_ctx->regs_error = 0;
        stopped_ctx->regs = info->regs;
        stopped_ctx->signal = SIGTRAP;
        assert(get_regs_PC(stopped_ctx->regs) == info->addr);
        stopped_ctx->event = 0;
        stopped_ctx->stopped_by_bp = info->bp_info_ok;
        stopped_ctx->bp_info = info->bp_info;
        if (current_ctx != NULL) stopped_ctx->bp_pid = current_ctx->pid;
        stopped_ctx->pending_step = 0;
        stopped_ctx->stopped = 1;
        event_context_stopped(stopped_ctx);
        break;
    case EVENT_HOOK_STEP_DONE:
        if (current_ctx == NULL) break;
        assert(!current_ctx->stopped);
        assert(!current_ctx->regs_dirty);
        assert(!current_ctx->intercepted);
        current_ctx->regs_error = 0;
        current_ctx->regs = info->regs;
        current_ctx->signal = SIGTRAP;
        current_ctx->event = TRACE_EVENT_STEP;
        current_ctx->pending_step = 0;
        current_ctx->stopped = 1;
        event_context_stopped(current_ctx);
        break;
    case EVENT_HOOK_STOP:
        if (stopped_ctx == NULL) break;
        assert(!stopped_ctx->stopped);
        stopped_ctx->regs_error = 0;
        if (taskRegsGet(stopped_ctx->pid, &stopped_ctx->regs) != OK) {
            stopped_ctx->regs_error = errno;
            assert(stopped_ctx->regs_error != 0);
        }
        stopped_ctx->signal = SIGSTOP;
        stopped_ctx->event = 0;
        stopped_ctx->pending_step = 0;
        stopped_ctx->stopped = 1;
        event_context_stopped(stopped_ctx);
        break;
    case EVENT_HOOK_TASK_ADD:
        if (current_ctx == NULL) break;
        assert(stopped_ctx == NULL);
        stopped_ctx = create_context((pid_t)info->stopped_ctx.ctxId);
        assert(stopped_ctx->ref_count == 1);
        stopped_ctx->mem = current_ctx->mem;
        stopped_ctx->parent = current_ctx->parent != NULL ? current_ctx->parent : current_ctx;
        stopped_ctx->parent->ref_count++;
        list_add_first(&stopped_ctx->cldl, &stopped_ctx->parent->children);
        event_context_created(stopped_ctx);
        break;
    case EVENT_HOOK_TASK_DEL:
        if (stopped_ctx != NULL) {
            assert(!stopped_ctx->stopped);
            assert(!stopped_ctx->intercepted);
            assert(!stopped_ctx->exited);
            stopped_ctx->pending_step = 0;
            stopped_ctx->exiting = 0;
            stopped_ctx->exited = 1;
            event_context_exited(stopped_ctx);
            if (stopped_ctx->parent != NULL) {
                list_remove(&stopped_ctx->cldl);
                context_unlock(stopped_ctx->parent);
                stopped_ctx->parent = NULL;
            }
            context_unlock(stopped_ctx);
        }
        semGive(info->delete_signal);
        break;
    default:
        assert(0);
        break;
    }
    loc_free(info);
}

static void event_error(void * arg) {
    trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "Fatal error: VXDBG events buffer overflow");
    exit(1);
}

static void * event_thread_func(void * arg) {
    struct event_info * info;
    
    taskPrioritySet(0, VX_TASK_PRIORITY_MIN);
    for (;;) {
        semTake(events_signal, WAIT_FOREVER);
        info = (struct event_info *)loc_alloc(sizeof(struct event_info));
        
        SPIN_LOCK_ISR_TAKE(&events_lock);
        if (events_buf_overflow && events_inp == events_out) {
            SPIN_LOCK_ISR_GIVE(&events_lock);
            break;
        }
        assert(events_inp != events_out);
        *info = events[events_out];
        events_out = (events_out + 1) % MAX_EVENTS;
        SPIN_LOCK_ISR_GIVE(&events_lock);
        
        if (info->event != EVENT_HOOK_IGNORE) {
            post_event(event_handler, info);
        }
    }
    post_event(event_error, NULL);
}

static void vxdbg_event_hook(
        VXDBG_CTX *     current_ctx,    /* context that hit breakpoint */
        VXDBG_CTX *     stopped_ctx,    /* context stopped by the breakpoint */
        REG_SET *       regs,           /* task registers before exception */
        UINT32	        addr,           /* breakpoint addr */
        VXDBG_BP_INFO *	bp_info) {      /* breakpoint information */
    
    struct event_info * info = event_info_alloc(EVENT_HOOK_BREAKPOINT);
    if (info != NULL) {
        if (stopped_ctx == NULL) info->event = EVENT_HOOK_STEP_DONE;
        if (current_ctx != NULL) info->current_ctx = *current_ctx;
        if (stopped_ctx != NULL) info->stopped_ctx = *stopped_ctx;
        if (regs != NULL) info->regs = *regs;
        info->addr = addr;
        if (bp_info != NULL) {
            info->bp_info_ok = 1;
            info->bp_info = *bp_info;
        }
        event_info_post(info);
    }
}

static void task_create_hook(WIND_TCB * tcb) {
    struct event_info * info = event_info_alloc(EVENT_HOOK_TASK_ADD);
    if (info != NULL) {
        info->current_ctx.ctxId = taskIdSelf();
        info->stopped_ctx.ctxId = (UINT32)tcb;
        event_info_post(info);
    }
}

static void task_delete_hook(WIND_TCB * tcb) {
    if (tcb != main_thread && taskIdCurrent != main_thread) {
        struct event_info * info = event_info_alloc(EVENT_HOOK_TASK_DEL);
        if (info != NULL) {
            VX_COUNTING_SEMAPHORE(signal_mem);
            SEM_ID signal = info->delete_signal = semCInitialize(signal_mem, SEM_Q_FIFO, 0);
            info->current_ctx.ctxId = taskIdSelf();
            info->stopped_ctx.ctxId = (UINT32)tcb;
            event_info_post(info);
            semTake(signal, WAIT_FOREVER);
            semTerminate(signal);
        }
    }
}

static void init(void) {
    SPIN_LOCK_ISR_INIT(&events_lock, 0);
    main_thread = taskIdCurrent;
    if ((events_signal = semCInitialize(events_signal_mem, SEM_Q_FIFO, 0)) == NULL) {
        perror("semCInitialize");
        exit(1);
    }
    vxdbg_clnt_id = vxdbgClntRegister(EVT_BP);
    if (vxdbg_clnt_id == NULL) {
        perror("vxdbgClntRegister");
        exit(1);
    }
    taskCreateHookAdd((FUNCPTR)task_create_hook);
    taskDeleteHookAdd((FUNCPTR)task_delete_hook);
    vxdbgHookAdd(vxdbg_clnt_id, EVT_BP, vxdbg_event_hook);
    vxdbgHookAdd(vxdbg_clnt_id, EVT_TRACE, vxdbg_event_hook);	
    if (pthread_create(&events_thread, &pthread_create_attr, event_thread_func, NULL) != 0) {
        perror("pthread_create");
        exit(1);
    }
}

#else

#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sched.h>

#define PTRACE_SETOPTIONS       0x4200
#define PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG      0x4201
#define PTRACE_GETSIGINFO       0x4202
#define PTRACE_SETSIGINFO       0x4203

#define PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD   0x00000001
#define PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK      0x00000002
#define PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK     0x00000004
#define PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE     0x00000008
#define PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC      0x00000010
#define PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE 0x00000020
#define PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT      0x00000040

#define PTRACE_EVENT_FORK       1
#define PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK      2
#define PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE      3
#define PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC       4
#define PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE 5
#define PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT       6

#define USE_ESRCH_WORKAROUND    1

#define WORD_SIZE   4

#define PTRACE_FLAGS ( \
    PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK | \
    PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK | \
    PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE | \
    PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC | \
    PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE | \
    PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT)

struct pid_exit_info {
    pid_t       pid;
    int         value;
};

struct pid_stop_info {
    pid_t       pid;
    int         signal;
    int         event;
};

static pthread_t wpid_thread;
static pid_t my_pid = 0;
static pthread_mutex_t waitpid_lock;
static pthread_cond_t waitpid_cond;
static int attach_flag = 0;

char * event_name(int event) {
    switch (event) {
    case 0: return "none";
    case PTRACE_EVENT_FORK: return "fork";  
    case PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK: return "vfork";  
    case PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE: return "clone";  
    case PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC: return "exec";  
    case PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE: return "vfork-done";  
    case PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT: return "exit";  
    default:
        trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "event_name() called with unexpected event code %d", event);
        return "unknown";
    }
}

int context_attach(pid_t pid, Context ** res) {
    Context * ctx = NULL;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&waitpid_lock);
    if (ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0) < 0) {
        int err = errno;
        trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "error: ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH) failed: pid %d, error %d %s",
            pid, err, errno_to_str(err));
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&waitpid_lock);
        errno = err;
        return -1;
    }
    ctx = create_context(pid);
    /* TODO: context_attach works only for main task in a process */
    ctx->mem = pid;
    assert(ctx->ref_count == 1);
    event_context_created(ctx);
    attach_flag = 1;
    pthread_cond_signal(&waitpid_cond);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&waitpid_lock);
    if (res != NULL) *res = ctx;
    return 0;
}

int context_stop(Context * ctx) {
    assert(is_dispatch_thread());
    assert(!ctx->exited);
    assert(!ctx->stopped);
    assert(!ctx->regs_dirty);
    assert(!ctx->intercepted);
    if (ctx->pending_intercept) {
        trace(LOG_CONTEXT, "context: suspending ctx %#x pid %d", ctx, ctx->pid);
    }
    else {
        trace(LOG_CONTEXT, "context: temporary suspending ctx %#x pid %d", ctx, ctx->pid);
    }
    if (tkill(ctx->pid, SIGSTOP) < 0) {
        int err = errno;
        trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "error: tkill(SIGSTOP) failed: ctx %#x, pid %d, error %d %s",
            ctx, ctx->pid, err, errno_to_str(err));
        errno = err;
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

int context_continue(Context * ctx) {
    int signal = 0;
    if (ctx->pending_signals != 0) {
        while ((ctx->pending_signals & (1 << signal)) == 0) signal++;
    }
    assert(signal != SIGSTOP);
    assert(signal != SIGTRAP);
    assert(is_dispatch_thread());
    assert(ctx->stopped);
    assert(!ctx->pending_intercept);
    assert(!ctx->pending_step);
    assert(!ctx->exited);
    trace(LOG_CONTEXT, "context: resuming ctx %#x, pid %d, with signal %d", ctx, ctx->pid, signal);
#ifdef __i386__
    /* Bug in ptrace: trap flag is not cleared after single step */
    if (ctx->regs.eflags & 0x100) {
        ctx->regs.eflags &= ~0x100;
        ctx->regs_dirty = 1;
    }
#endif
    if (ctx->regs_dirty) {
        if (ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, ctx->pid, 0, &ctx->regs) < 0) {
            int err = errno;
#if USE_ESRCH_WORKAROUND
            if (err == ESRCH) {
                ctx->regs_dirty = 0;
                ctx->stopped = 0;
                event_context_started(ctx);
                return 0;
            }
#endif
            trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "error: ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS) failed: ctx %#x, pid %d, error %d %s",
                ctx, ctx->pid, err, errno_to_str(err));
            errno = err;
            return -1;
        }
        ctx->regs_dirty = 0;
    }
    if (ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, ctx->pid, 0, signal) < 0) {
        int err = errno;
#if USE_ESRCH_WORKAROUND
        if (err == ESRCH) {
            ctx->stopped = 0;
            event_context_started(ctx);
            return 0;
        }
#endif
        trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "error: ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, ...) failed: ctx %#x, pid %d, error %d %s",
            ctx, ctx->pid, err, errno_to_str(err));
        errno = err;
        return -1;
    }
    ctx->pending_signals &= ~(1 << signal);
    ctx->stopped = 0;
    event_context_started(ctx);
    return 0;
}

int context_single_step(Context * ctx) {
    assert(is_dispatch_thread());
    assert(ctx->stopped);
    assert(!ctx->pending_intercept);
    assert(!ctx->pending_step);
    assert(!ctx->exited);
    trace(LOG_CONTEXT, "context: single step ctx %#x, pid %d", ctx, ctx->pid);
    if (ctx->regs_dirty) {
        if (ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, ctx->pid, 0, &ctx->regs) < 0) {
            int err = errno;
#if USE_ESRCH_WORKAROUND
            if (err == ESRCH) {
                ctx->regs_dirty = 0;
                ctx->pending_step = 1;
                ctx->stopped = 0;
                event_context_started(ctx);
                return 0;
            }
#endif
            trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "error: ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS) failed: ctx %#x, pid %d, error %d %s",
                ctx, ctx->pid, err, errno_to_str(err));
            errno = err;
            return -1;
        }
        ctx->regs_dirty = 0;
    }
    if (ptrace(PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, ctx->pid, 0, 0) < 0) {
        int err = errno;
#if USE_ESRCH_WORKAROUND
        if (err == ESRCH) {
            ctx->stopped = 0;
            ctx->pending_step = 1;
            event_context_started(ctx);
            return 0;
        }
#endif
        trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "error: ptrace(PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, ...) failed: ctx %#x, pid %d, error %d %s",
            ctx, ctx->pid, err, errno_to_str(err));
        errno = err;
        return -1;
    }
    ctx->pending_step = 1;
    ctx->stopped = 0;
    event_context_started(ctx);
    return 0;
}

int context_write_mem(Context * ctx, unsigned long address, void * buf, size_t size) {
    unsigned long word_addr;
    assert(is_dispatch_thread());
    assert(!ctx->exited);
    assert(ctx->stopped);
    trace(LOG_CONTEXT, "context: write memory ctx %#x, pid %d, address 0x%08x, size %d", ctx, ctx->pid, address, size);
    for (word_addr = address & ~3ul; word_addr < address + size; word_addr += WORD_SIZE) {
        int i;
        unsigned int word = 0;
        if (word_addr < address || word_addr + WORD_SIZE > address + size) {
            errno = 0;
            word = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, ctx->pid, word_addr, 0);
            if (errno != 0) {
                int err = errno;
                trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "error: ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, ...) failed: ctx %#x, pid %d, error %d %s",
                    ctx, ctx->pid, err, errno_to_str(err));
                errno = err;
                return -1;
            }
        }
        for (i = 0; i < WORD_SIZE; i++) {
            if (word_addr + i >= address && word_addr + i < address + size) {
                // TODO: big endian support
                ((unsigned char *)&word)[i] = ((unsigned char *)buf)[word_addr + i - address];
            }
        }
        if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEDATA, ctx->pid, word_addr, word) < 0) {
            int err = errno;
            trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "error: ptrace(PTRACE_POKEDATA, ...) failed: ctx %#x, pid %d, error %d %s",
                ctx, ctx->pid, err, errno_to_str(err));
            errno = err;
            return -1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

int context_read_mem(Context * ctx, unsigned long address, void * buf, size_t size) {
    unsigned long word_addr;
    assert(is_dispatch_thread());
    assert(!ctx->exited);
    assert(ctx->stopped);
    trace(LOG_CONTEXT, "context: read memory ctx %#x, pid %d, address 0x%08x, size %d", ctx, ctx->pid, address, size);
    for (word_addr = address & ~3ul; word_addr < address + size; word_addr += WORD_SIZE) {
        int i;
        unsigned int word = 0;
        errno = 0;
        word = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, ctx->pid, word_addr, 0);
        if (errno != 0) {
            int err = errno;
            trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "error: ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, ...) failed: ctx %#x, pid %d, error %d %s",
                ctx, ctx->pid, err, errno_to_str(err));
            errno = err;
            return -1;
        }
        for (i = 0; i < WORD_SIZE; i++) {
            if (word_addr + i >= address && word_addr + i < address + size) {
                // TODO: big endian support
                ((unsigned char *)buf)[word_addr + i - address] = ((unsigned char *)&word)[i];
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static void event_pid_exited(void *arg) {
    struct pid_exit_info *eap = arg;
    Context * ctx;

    ctx = context_find_from_pid(eap->pid);
    if (ctx == NULL) {
        trace(LOG_EVENTS, "event: ctx not found, pid %d, exit status %d", eap->pid, eap->value);
    }
    else {
        trace(LOG_EVENTS, "event: ctx %#x, pid %d, exit status %d", ctx, eap->pid, eap->value);
        assert(!ctx->stopped);
        assert(!ctx->intercepted);
        assert(!ctx->exited);
        /* Note: ctx->exiting should be 1 here. However, PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT can be lost by PTRACE because of racing
         * between PTRACE_CONT and SIGTRAP/PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT. So, ctx->exiting can be 0.
         */
        ctx->exiting = 0;
        ctx->exited = 1;
        event_context_exited(ctx);
        if (ctx->parent != NULL) {
            list_remove(&ctx->cldl);
            context_unlock(ctx->parent);
            ctx->parent = NULL;
        }
        context_unlock(ctx);
    }
    loc_free(eap);
}

static void event_pid_stopped(void * arg) {
    unsigned long msg = 0;
    Context * ctx = NULL;
    Context * ctx2 = NULL;
    struct pid_stop_info * eap = arg;

    trace(LOG_EVENTS, "event: pid %d stopped, signal %d, event %s",
        eap->pid, eap->signal, event_name(eap->event));

    ctx = context_find_from_pid(eap->pid);
    if (ctx == NULL) {
        trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "error: invalid event: pid %d is not traced", eap->pid);
        return;
    }
    assert(!ctx->exited);
    assert(!ctx->stopped || eap->event == 0 || eap->event == PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT);
    if (ctx->trace_flags != PTRACE_FLAGS) {
        if (ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, ctx->pid, 0, PTRACE_FLAGS) < 0) {
            int err = errno;
            trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "error: ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS) failed: pid %d, error %d %s",
                ctx->pid, err, errno_to_str(err));
        }
        else {
            ctx->trace_flags = PTRACE_FLAGS;
        }
    }

    switch (eap->event) {
    case PTRACE_EVENT_FORK:
    case PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK:
    case PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE:
        if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, eap->pid, 0, &msg) < 0) {
            trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "error: ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG) failed; pid %d, error %d %s",
                eap->pid, errno, errno_to_str(errno));
            break;
        }
        assert(msg != 0);
        ctx2 = create_context(msg);
        assert(ctx2->parent == NULL);
        if (eap->event == PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE) {
            ctx2->mem = ctx->mem;
            ctx2->parent = ctx->parent != NULL ? ctx->parent : ctx;
            ctx2->parent->ref_count++;
            list_add_first(&ctx2->cldl, &ctx2->parent->children);
        }
        else {
            ctx2->mem = ctx2->pid;
        }
        assert(ctx2->mem != 0);
        event_context_created(ctx2);
        break;

    case PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC:
        event_context_changed(ctx);
        break;
    }

    if (eap->signal != SIGSTOP && eap->signal != SIGTRAP) {
        ctx->pending_signals |= 1 << eap->signal;
    }

    if (eap->signal == SIGTRAP && eap->event == PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT) {
        ctx->exiting = 1;
        ctx->regs_dirty = 0;
    }

    if (!ctx->stopped || !ctx->intercepted) {
        unsigned long pc0 = get_regs_PC(ctx->regs);
        assert(!ctx->regs_dirty);
        assert(!ctx->intercepted);
        ctx->regs_error = 0;
        if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, ctx->pid, 0, &ctx->regs) < 0) {
#if USE_ESRCH_WORKAROUND
            if (errno == ESRCH) {
                /* Racing condition: somebody resumed this context while we are handling stop event.
                 *
                 * One possible cause: main thread has exited forcing children to exit too.
                 * I beleive it is a bug in PTRACE implementation - PTRACE should delay exiting of
                 * a context while it is stopped, but it does not, which causes a nasty racing.
                 *
                 * Workaround: Ignore current event, assume context is running.
                 */
                loc_free(eap);
                return;
            }
#endif
            ctx->regs_error = errno;
            trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "error: ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS) failed; pid %d, error %d %s",
                ctx->pid, errno, errno_to_str(errno));
        }

        trace(LOG_EVENTS, "event: pid %d stopped at PC = %d (0x%08x)",
            ctx->pid, get_regs_PC(ctx->regs), get_regs_PC(ctx->regs));

        if (eap->signal == SIGSTOP && ctx->pending_step && ctx->regs_error == 0 && pc0 == get_regs_PC(ctx->regs)) {
            trace(LOG_EVENTS, "event: pid %d, single step failed because of pending SIGSTOP, retrying");
            ptrace(PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, ctx->pid, 0, 0);
        }
        else {
            ctx->signal = eap->signal;
            ctx->event = eap->event;
            ctx->pending_step = 0;
            ctx->stopped = 1;
            event_context_stopped(ctx);
        }
    }

    loc_free(eap);
}

static void *wpid_handler(void *x) {
    pid_t pid;
    int status;
    struct timeval timeout;

    for (;;) {
        attach_flag = 0;
        if ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED | __WALL)) == (pid_t)-1) {
            if (errno == ECHILD) {
                pthread_mutex_lock(&waitpid_lock);
                if (!attach_flag) pthread_cond_wait(&waitpid_cond, &waitpid_lock);
                pthread_mutex_unlock(&waitpid_lock);
                continue;
            }
            perror("waitpid");
            exit(1);
        }
        trace(LOG_WAITPID, "waitpid: pid %d status %#x", pid, status);
        if (WIFEXITED(status) || WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
            struct pid_exit_info *eap;

            eap = loc_alloc(sizeof *eap);
            eap->pid = pid;
            eap->value = WIFEXITED(status) ? WEXITSTATUS(status) : -WTERMSIG(status);
            post_event(event_pid_exited, eap);
        }
        else if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
            struct pid_stop_info *eap;

            eap = loc_alloc(sizeof *eap);
            eap->pid = pid;
            eap->signal = WSTOPSIG(status);
            eap->event = status >> 16;
            post_event(event_pid_stopped, eap);
        }
        else {
            trace(LOG_ALWAYS, "unexpected status (0x%x) from waitpid (pid %d)", status, pid);
        }
    }
}

static void init(void) {
    pthread_mutex_init(&waitpid_lock, NULL);
    pthread_cond_init(&waitpid_cond, NULL);
    my_pid = getpid();
    /* Create thread to get process events using waitpid() */
    if (pthread_create(&wpid_thread, &pthread_create_attr, wpid_handler, NULL) != 0) {
        perror("pthread_create");
        exit(1);
    }
}

#endif

void add_context_event_listener(ContextEventListener * listener) {
    listener->next = event_listeners;
    event_listeners = listener;
}

void ini_contexts(void) {
    int i;

    list_init(&context_root);
    for (i = 0; i < CONTEXT_PID_ROOT_SIZE; i++) {
        list_init(&context_pid_root[i]);
    }
    init();
}