| /** | |
| * Copyright (c) 2005, 2011, Werner Keil, JScience and others. | |
| * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials | |
| * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0 | |
| * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at | |
| * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html | |
| * | |
| * Contributors: | |
| * Werner Keil, Jean-Marie Dautelle - initial API and implementation | |
| */ | |
| package org.eclipse.uomo.units.impl.system; | |
| import static org.eclipse.uomo.units.AbstractUnit.ONE; | |
| import java.math.BigInteger; | |
| import org.eclipse.uomo.units.Messages; | |
| import org.eclipse.uomo.units.impl.AlternateUnit; | |
| import org.eclipse.uomo.units.impl.BaseUnit; | |
| import org.eclipse.uomo.units.impl.ProductUnit; | |
| import org.eclipse.uomo.units.impl.TransformedUnit; | |
| import org.eclipse.uomo.units.impl.converter.RationalConverter; | |
| import javax.measure.spi.SystemOfUnits; | |
| import javax.measure.Unit; | |
| import javax.measure.quantity.*; | |
| /** | |
| * <p> | |
| * This class contains SI (Système International d'Unités) base units, and | |
| * derived units. | |
| * </p> | |
| * | |
| * <p> | |
| * It also defines an inner class for the 20 SI prefixes used to form decimal | |
| * multiples and submultiples of SI units. For example:[code] import static | |
| * org.eclipse.uomo.units.SI.*; // Static import. ... Unit<Pressure> HECTOPASCAL | |
| * = HECTO(PASCAL); Unit<Length> KILOMETRE = KILO(METRE); [/code] | |
| * </p> | |
| * | |
| * @noextend This class is not intended to be extended by clients. | |
| * | |
| * @author <a href="mailto:jean-marie@dautelle.com">Jean-Marie Dautelle</a> | |
| * @author <a href="mailto:units@catmedia.us">Werner Keil</a> | |
| * @version 1.32 ($Revision: 232 $), $Date: 2011-09-11 14:50:08 +0200 $ | |
| * @see <a | |
| * href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units">Wikipedia: | |
| * International System of Units</a> | |
| */ | |
| public final class SI extends AbstractSystemOfUnits { | |
| /** | |
| * The singleton instance of {@code SI}. | |
| */ | |
| private static final SI INSTANCE = new SI(); | |
| /** | |
| * Returns the singleton instance of this class. | |
| * | |
| * @return the SI (metric) system instance. | |
| */ | |
| public static final SystemOfUnits getInstance() { | |
| return INSTANCE; | |
| } | |
| // ////////////// | |
| // BASE UNITS // | |
| // ////////////// | |
| /** | |
| * The base unit for electric current quantities (<code>A</code>). The | |
| * Ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight | |
| * parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular | |
| * cross-section, and placed 1 meter apart in vacuum, would produce between | |
| * these conductors a force equal to 2 * 10-7 newton per meter of length. It | |
| * is named after the French physicist Andre Ampere (1775-1836). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<ElectricCurrent> AMPERE = addUnit(new BaseUnit<ElectricCurrent>( | |
| Messages.SI_A)); | |
| /** | |
| * The base unit for luminous intensity quantities (<code>cd</code>). The | |
| * candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that | |
| * emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 * 1012 hertz and that has | |
| * a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian | |
| * | |
| * @see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candela"> Wikipedia: | |
| * Candela</a> | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<LuminousIntensity> CANDELA = addUnit(new BaseUnit<LuminousIntensity>( | |
| Messages.SI_cd)); | |
| /** | |
| * The base unit for thermodynamic temperature quantities (<code>K</code>). | |
| * The kelvin is the 1/273.16th of the thermodynamic temperature of the | |
| * triple point of water. It is named after the Scottish mathematician and | |
| * physicist William Thomson 1st Lord Kelvin (1824-1907) | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Temperature> KELVIN = addUnit(new BaseUnit<Temperature>( | |
| Messages.SI_K)); | |
| /** | |
| * The base unit for mass quantities (<code>kg</code>). It is the only SI | |
| * unit with a prefix as part of its name and symbol. The kilogram is equal | |
| * to the mass of an international prototype in the form of a | |
| * platinum-iridium cylinder kept at Sevres in France. | |
| * | |
| * @see #GRAM | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Mass> KILOGRAM = addUnit(new BaseUnit<Mass>( | |
| Messages.SI_kg, Messages.SI_kg_name)); | |
| /** | |
| * The base unit for length quantities (<code>m</code>). One metre was | |
| * redefined in 1983 as the distance traveled by light in a vacuum in | |
| * 1/299,792,458 of a second. | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Length> METRE = addUnit(new BaseUnit<Length>( | |
| Messages.SI_m, Messages.SI_m_name)); | |
| /** | |
| * The base unit for amount of substance quantities (<code>mol</code>). The | |
| * mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many | |
| * elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12. | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<AmountOfSubstance> MOLE = addUnit(new BaseUnit<AmountOfSubstance>( | |
| Messages.SI_mol)); | |
| /** | |
| * The base unit for time quantities (<code>s</code>). It is defined as the | |
| * duration of 9,192,631,770 cycles of radiation corresponding to the | |
| * transition between two hyperfine levels of the ground state of cesium | |
| * (1967 Standard). | |
| * | |
| * FIXME this is not aligned with TimeUnit from ICU4J due to TimeUnit so far cannot be extended | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Time> SECOND = addUnit(new BaseUnit<Time>( | |
| Messages.SI_s)); | |
| // ////////////////////////////// | |
| // SI DERIVED ALTERNATE UNITS // | |
| // ////////////////////////////// | |
| /** | |
| * The unit for magnetomotive force (<code>At</code>). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<MagnetomotiveForce> AMPERE_TURN = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<MagnetomotiveForce>( | |
| Messages.SI_At, (AbstractUnit<?>) SI.AMPERE)); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for mass quantities (<code>g</code>). The base unit for | |
| * mass quantity is {@link #KILOGRAM}. | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Mass> GRAM = KILOGRAM.divide(1000); | |
| /** | |
| * The unit for plane angle quantities (<code>rad</code>). One radian is the | |
| * angle between two radii of a circle such that the length of the arc | |
| * between them is equal to the radius. | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Angle> RADIAN = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<Angle>( | |
| Messages.SI_rad, AbstractUnit.ONE)); | |
| /** | |
| * The unit for solid angle quantities (<code>sr</code>). One steradian is | |
| * the solid angle subtended at the center of a sphere by an area on the | |
| * surface of the sphere that is equal to the radius squared. The total | |
| * solid angle of a sphere is 4*Pi steradians. | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<SolidAngle> STERADIAN = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<SolidAngle>( | |
| Messages.SI_sr, AbstractUnit.ONE)); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for frequency (<code>Hz</code>). A unit of frequency | |
| * equal to one cycle per second. After Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857-1894), | |
| * German physicist who was the first to produce radio waves artificially. | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Frequency> HERTZ = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<Frequency>( | |
| Messages.SI_Hz, | |
| (AbstractUnit<?>) AbstractUnit.ONE.divide(SECOND))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for force (<code>N</code>). One newton is the force | |
| * required to give a mass of 1 kilogram an Force of 1 metre per second per | |
| * second. It is named after the English mathematician and physicist Sir | |
| * Isaac Newton (1642-1727). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Force> NEWTON = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<Force>( | |
| Messages.SI_N, (AbstractUnit<?>) METRE.multiply(KILOGRAM) | |
| .divide(SECOND.pow(2)))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for pressure, stress (<code>Pa</code>). One pascal is | |
| * equal to one newton per square meter. It is named after the French | |
| * philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Pressure> PASCAL = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<Pressure>( | |
| Messages.SI_Pa, (AbstractUnit<?>) NEWTON.divide(METRE.pow(2)))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for energy, work, quantity of heat (<code>J</code>). One | |
| * joule is the amount of work done when an applied force of 1 newton moves | |
| * through a distance of 1 metre in the direction of the force. It is named | |
| * after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818-1889). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Energy> JOULE = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<Energy>( | |
| Messages.SI_J, (AbstractUnit<?>) NEWTON.multiply(METRE))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for power, radiant, flux (<code>W</code>). One watt is | |
| * equal to one joule per second. It is named after the British scientist | |
| * James Watt (1736-1819). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Power> WATT = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<Power>( | |
| Messages.SI_W, (AbstractUnit<?>) JOULE.divide(SECOND))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for electric charge, quantity of electricity ( | |
| * <code>C</code>). One Coulomb is equal to the quantity of charge | |
| * transferred in one second by a steady current of one ampere. It is named | |
| * after the French physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<ElectricCharge> COULOMB = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<ElectricCharge>( | |
| Messages.SI_C, (AbstractUnit<?>) SECOND.multiply(AMPERE))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for electric potential difference, electromotive force ( | |
| * <code>V</code>). One Volt is equal to the difference of electric | |
| * potential between two points on a conducting wire carrying a constant | |
| * current of one ampere when the power dissipated between the points is one | |
| * watt. It is named after the Italian physicist Count Alessandro Volta | |
| * (1745-1827). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<ElectricPotential> VOLT = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<ElectricPotential>( | |
| Messages.SI_V, (AbstractUnit<?>) WATT.divide(AMPERE))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for capacitance (<code>F</code>). One Farad is equal to | |
| * the capacitance of a capacitor having an equal and opposite charge of 1 | |
| * coulomb on each plate and a potential difference of 1 volt between the | |
| * plates. It is named after the British physicist and chemist Michael | |
| * Faraday (1791-1867). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<ElectricCapacitance> FARAD = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<ElectricCapacitance>( | |
| Messages.SI_F, (AbstractUnit<?>) COULOMB.divide(VOLT))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for electric resistance (<code>Ohm</code>). One Ohm is | |
| * equal to the resistance of a conductor in which a current of one ampere | |
| * is produced by a potential of one volt across its terminals. It is named | |
| * after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm (1789-1854). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<ElectricResistance> OHM = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<ElectricResistance>( | |
| Messages.SI_OhmS, (AbstractUnit<?>) VOLT.divide(AMPERE))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for electric conductance (<code>S</code>). One Siemens | |
| * is equal to one ampere per volt. It is named after the German engineer | |
| * Ernst Werner von Siemens (1816-1892). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<ElectricConductance> SIEMENS = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<ElectricConductance>( | |
| Messages.SI_S, (AbstractUnit<?>) AMPERE.divide(VOLT))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for magnetic flux (<code>Wb</code>). One Weber is equal | |
| * to the magnetic flux that in linking a circuit of one turn produces in it | |
| * an electromotive force of one volt as it is uniformly reduced to zero | |
| * within one second. It is named after the German physicist Wilhelm Eduard | |
| * Weber (1804-1891). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<MagneticFlux> WEBER = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<MagneticFlux>( | |
| Messages.SI_Wb, (AbstractUnit<?>) VOLT.multiply(SECOND))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for magnetic flux density (<code>T</code>). One Tesla is | |
| * equal equal to one weber per square metre. It is named after the | |
| * Serbian-born American electrical engineer and physicist Nikola Tesla | |
| * (1856-1943). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<MagneticFluxDensity> TESLA = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<MagneticFluxDensity>( | |
| Messages.SI_T, (AbstractUnit<?>) WEBER.divide(METRE.pow(2)))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for inductance (<code>H</code>). One Henry is equal to | |
| * the inductance for which an induced electromotive force of one volt is | |
| * produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second. | |
| * It is named after the American physicist Joseph Henry (1791-1878). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<ElectricInductance> HENRY = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<ElectricInductance>( | |
| Messages.SI_H, (AbstractUnit<?>) WEBER.divide(AMPERE))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for Celsius temperature (<code>Cel</code>). This is a | |
| * unit of temperature such as the freezing point of water (at one | |
| * atmosphere of pressure) is 0 Cel, while the boiling point is 100 Cel. | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Temperature> CELSIUS = addUnit(KELVIN.add(273.15)); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for luminous flux (<code>lm</code>). One Lumen is equal | |
| * to the amount of light given out through a solid angle by a source of one | |
| * candela intensity radiating equally in all directions. | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<LuminousFlux> LUMEN = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<LuminousFlux>( | |
| Messages.SI_lm, (AbstractUnit<?>) CANDELA.multiply(STERADIAN))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for illuminance (<code>lx</code>). One Lux is equal to | |
| * one lumen per square metre. | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Illuminance> LUX = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<Illuminance>( | |
| Messages.SI_lx, (AbstractUnit<?>) LUMEN.divide(METRE.pow(2)))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for activity of a radionuclide (<code>Bq</code>). One | |
| * becquerel is the radiation caused by one disintegration per second. It is | |
| * named after the French physicist, Antoine-Henri Becquerel (1852-1908). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<RadioactiveActivity> BECQUEREL = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<RadioactiveActivity>( | |
| Messages.SI_Bq, | |
| (AbstractUnit<?>) AbstractUnit.ONE.divide(SECOND))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for absorbed dose, specific energy (imparted), kerma ( | |
| * <code>Gy</code>). One gray is equal to the dose of one joule of energy | |
| * absorbed per one kilogram of matter. It is named after the British | |
| * physician L. H. Gray (1905-1965). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<RadiationDoseAbsorbed> GRAY = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<RadiationDoseAbsorbed>( | |
| Messages.SI_Gy, (AbstractUnit<?>) JOULE.divide(KILOGRAM))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for dose equivalent (<code>Sv</code>). One Sievert is | |
| * equal is equal to the actual dose, in grays, multiplied by a | |
| * "quality factor" which is larger for more dangerous forms of radiation. | |
| * It is named after the Swedish physicist Rolf Sievert (1898-1966). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<RadiationDoseEffective> SIEVERT = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<RadiationDoseEffective>( | |
| Messages.SI_Sv, (AbstractUnit<?>) JOULE.divide(KILOGRAM))); | |
| /** | |
| * The derived unit for catalytic activity (<code>kat</code>). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<CatalyticActivity> KATAL = addUnit(new AlternateUnit<CatalyticActivity>( | |
| Messages.SI_kat, (AbstractUnit<?>) MOLE.divide(SECOND))); | |
| // //////////////////////////// | |
| // SI DERIVED PRODUCT UNITS // | |
| // //////////////////////////// | |
| /** | |
| * The metric unit for velocity quantities (<code>m/s</code>). | |
| * | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Velocity> METRES_PER_SECOND = addUnit(new ProductUnit<Velocity>( | |
| (AbstractUnit<?>) METRE.divide(SECOND))); | |
| /** | |
| * The metric unit for acceleration quantities (<code>m/s2</code>). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Acceleration> METRES_PER_SQUARE_SECOND = addUnit(new ProductUnit<Acceleration>( | |
| (AbstractUnit<?>) METRES_PER_SECOND.divide(SECOND))); | |
| /** | |
| * The metric unit for area quantities (<code>m2</code>). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Area> SQUARE_METRE = addUnit(new ProductUnit<Area>( | |
| (AbstractUnit<?>) METRE.multiply(METRE))); | |
| /** | |
| * The metric unit for volume quantities (<code>m3</code>). | |
| */ | |
| public static final Unit<Volume> CUBIC_METRE = addUnit(new ProductUnit<Volume>( | |
| (AbstractUnit<?>) SQUARE_METRE.multiply(METRE))); | |
| ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// | |
| // Units outside the SI that are accepted for use with the SI. // | |
| ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// | |
| /** | |
| * A dimensionless unit accepted for use with SI units (standard name <code>%</code>). | |
| */ | |
| public static final TransformedUnit<Dimensionless> PERCENT | |
| = new TransformedUnit<Dimensionless>(ONE, new RationalConverter(1, 100)); | |
| // ////////// | |
| // Others // | |
| // ////////// | |
| /** | |
| * A unit used to measure the ionizing ability of radiation (standard name | |
| * <code>Roentgen</code>). | |
| */ | |
| @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") | |
| public static final Unit<IonizingRadiation> ROENTGEN = (Unit<IonizingRadiation>) addUnit(COULOMB.divide(KILOGRAM) | |
| .multiply(2.58e-4), Messages.NonSI_R_name); | |
| } |