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| <title>Web services overview</title> |
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| <h1 class="topictitle1">Web services overview</h1> |
| <div><p>A Web service is a set of related application functions that can |
| be programmatically invoked over the Internet. Businesses can dynamically |
| mix and match Web services to perform complex transactions with minimal programming. |
| Web services allow buyers and sellers all over the world to discover each |
| other, connect dynamically, and execute transactions in real time with minimal |
| human interaction.</p> |
| <p>Web services are self-contained, self-describing modular applications that |
| can be published, located, and invoked across the Web.</p> |
| <blockquote> <p> <span class="uicontrol">Web services are self-contained.</span> On |
| the client side, no additional software is required. A programming language |
| with XML and HTTP client support is enough to get you started. On the |
| server side, a Web server and servlet engine are required. The client |
| and server can be implemented in different environments. It is possible |
| to Web service enable an existing application without writing a single line |
| of code.</p> |
| <p> <span class="uicontrol">Web services are self-describing.</span> |
| The client and server need to recognize only the format and content of request |
| and response messages. The definition of the message format travels |
| with the message; no external metadata repositories or code generation tools |
| are required.</p> |
| <p> <span class="uicontrol">Web services are modular.</span> |
| Simple Web services can be aggregated to form more complex Web services either |
| by using workflow techniques or by calling lower layer Web services from a |
| Web service implementation.</p> |
| <p><span class="uicontrol">Web Services are platform independent.</span> Web |
| services are based on a concise set of open, XML-based standards designed |
| to promote interoperability between a Web service and clients across a variety |
| of computing platforms and programming languages.</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| <p>Web services might be anything, for example, theatre review articles, weather |
| reports, credit checks, stock quotations, travel advisories, or airline travel |
| reservation processes. Each of these self-contained business services is an |
| application that can easily integrate with other services, from the same or |
| different companies, to create a complete business process. This interoperability |
| allows businesses to dynamically publish, discover, and bind a range of Web |
| services through the Internet.</p> |
| <div class="section"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Categories of Web services</h4><p>Web services can be grouped |
| into three categories:</p> |
| <blockquote> <p> <span class="uicontrol">Business information.</span> A |
| business shares information with consumers or other businesses. In this case, |
| the business is using Web services to expand its scope. Examples of business |
| informational Web services are news streams, weather reports, or stock quotations.</p> |
| <p> <span class="uicontrol">Business |
| integration.</span> A business provides transactional, "for fee" services |
| to its customers. In this case, the business becomes part of a global network |
| of value-added suppliers that can be used to conduct commerce. Examples of |
| business integration Web services include bid and auction e-marketplaces, |
| reservation systems, and credit checking.</p> |
| <p> <span class="uicontrol">Business process |
| externalization.</span> A business differentiates itself from its competition |
| through the creation of a global value chain. In this case, the business uses |
| Web services to dynamically integrate its processes. An example of business |
| process externalization Web services is the associations between different |
| companies to combine manufacturing, assembly, wholesale distribution, and |
| retail sales of a particular product.</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Service roles and interactions</h4><p>A network component |
| in a Web Services architecture can play one or more fundamental roles: service |
| provider, service broker, and service client.</p> |
| <ul><li>Service providers create and deploy their Web services and can publish |
| the availability of their WSDL-described services through a service registry, |
| such as a UDDI Business Registry.</li> |
| <li>Service brokers register and categorize published services and provide |
| search services. For example, UDDI acts as a service broker for WSDL-described |
| Web services.</li> |
| <li>Service clients use broker services such as the UDDI Business Registry |
| to discover a needed WSDL-described service and then bind to and call the |
| service provider.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Binding involves establishing all environmental prerequisites that |
| are necessary to successfully complete the services. Examples of environmental |
| prerequisites include security, transaction monitoring, and HTTP availability. |
| The relationships between these roles are described in Figure 1.</p> |
| <p>Figure |
| 1. Service roles and interactions.</p> |
| <p> <img src="../images/roles.gif" alt="Figure 1 illustrates the interactions between the service broker, service provider, and service requestor." /> </p> |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>For more information on Web services, refer to <a href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices" target="_blank">www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices</a></p> |
| |
| </div> |
| <div> |
| <div class="linklist"><strong>Related Concepts</strong><br /> |
| |
| <div><a href="cwsinwsa.html">Tools for Web services development</a></div> |
| <div><a href="cwsiover.html" title="WS-I is an organization designed to promote Web service interoperability across platforms, operating systems, and programming languages.">Web services |
| interoperability (WS-I)</a></div></div> |
| |
| <div class="linklist"><strong>Related Tasks</strong><br /> |
| |
| <div><a href="../tasks/toverws.html" title="Use Web services tools to discover, create, and publish Web services that are created from Java beans, DADX files, enterprise beans, WSDL files, and URLs. The Rational Developer products support the creation of Web services using a top-down approach (which starts with a WSDL file) or a bottom-up approach (which starts with a Java bean or EJB)."> Developing Web |
| services</a></div></div> |
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